In the PDF case study, Pearson utilized cloud computing in several ways. Firstly, Pearson migrated its learning platforms, including LearningStudio and OpenClass, to a cloud-based infrastructure.
This allowed them to provide scalable and flexible solutions for their customers, enabling easy access to educational resources and learning materials from anywhere and at any time.Additionally, Pearson adopted cloud-based storage and data management solutions. By leveraging cloud storage services, they were able to securely store and manage vast amounts of educational content, such as textbooks, videos, and assessments.
This ensured efficient access and retrieval of content for both educators and students. Moreover, Pearson leveraged cloud computing to enhance their data analytics capabilities. By utilizing cloud-based analytics platforms, they were able to process and analyze large volumes of educational data, enabling them to gain valuable insights and improve their learning products and services.
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Accounting for errors: (8 marks) The financial year for Shakil Ltd ends on the 30 June 2024. The company purchased price of $95 600 for a new vehicle on 1 January 2023 was posted to the vehicle maintenance expense account. Motor vehicles are depreciated at 20% p.a. straight-line. This error was revealed through an audit at 30 June 2024. Required: Prepare the adjusting journal entries for the year ended 30 June 2024 and provide an appropriate explanation under each entry.
The adjusting journal entries for Shakil Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2024 are as follows:
1. Debit Vehicle Maintenance Expense and Credit Motor Vehicles for $95,600: This entry corrects the initial posting error by transferring the vehicle purchase cost from the expense account to the appropriate asset account.
2. Debit Depreciation Expense and Credit Accumulated Depreciation for $19,120: This entry recognizes the annual depreciation expense for the vehicle, calculated at 20% of the original cost.
The first adjusting journal entry involves debiting the Vehicle Maintenance Expense account and crediting the Motor Vehicles account for $95,600. This corrects the initial posting error made on 1 January 2023, where the vehicle purchase cost was incorrectly recorded under vehicle maintenance expenses. By transferring the amount to the Motor Vehicles account, the company reflects the correct classification of the expense as a capital expenditure.
The second adjusting journal entry debits the Depreciation Expense account and credits the Accumulated Depreciation account for $19,120. This entry recognizes the annual depreciation expense for the vehicle, calculated at a straight-line rate of 20% per annum. Straight-line depreciation evenly distributes the cost of the asset over its useful life. As a result, the company recognizes the reduction in the vehicle's value as an expense while accumulating the total depreciation amount in the Accumulated Depreciation account.
By making these adjusting journal entries, Shakil Ltd rectifies the initial posting error and ensures accurate financial reporting for the year ended 30 June 2024. The entries adjust the vehicle purchase cost to the appropriate asset account and recognize the annual depreciation expense, aligning the financial statements with the company's true financial position and performance.
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(a) Explain and discuss how each of the major domestic macroeconomic factors may affect stock prices. (50 marks)
(b) ZZZ plc is about to pay a dividend for the year 2021 of 16 pence per share. The dividend one year from now (2022) is expected to be 12 pence. Dividends are expected to grow by 10% for the following 3 years (2023, 2024, 2025). After this dividends are expected to grow at 6% per annum indefinitely.
- The company has a beta of 0.9. The current risk free interest rate is 5% and the market return is estimated at 10%.
- Using the above information, place a value on the shares of ZZZ plc. If the market price for shares of ZZZ is £5, determine whether the shares are underpriced or overpriced. Explain why.
(A) The major domestic macroeconomic factors which may affect stock prices are as follows: Gross Domestic Product (GDP),Inflation, Unemployment ,Interest rates ,Fiscal and monetary policies ,Borrowing and lending rates(b)The share is overpriced because the dividend growth rate is 10%, while the market's expected return is only 10%. Therefore, the market price is too high compared to the expected returns.
(a) The major domestic macroeconomic factors which may affect stock prices are as follows:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Inflation
Unemployment
Interest rates
Fiscal and monetary policies
Borrowing and lending rates
Exchange rates
Market confidence
(b) the value of the shares of ZZZ plc is calculated as follows:
Year
Dividend Growth Rate
Dividend Discount Factor
Present Value
202116 pence—£0.147£0.1253202212 pence
(16/1.1)/1.10.797£0.1045202310% of 16 pence
16 pence(1.10 x 0.12)/1.10(1.10)²£0.0955202410% of 16 pence(1.10)²£0.0868202510% of 16 pence(1.10)³£0.07902025
onwards6%£0.0790(0.10 - 0.06)/0.06£1.3176
Total Value £2.6052
Total Number of Shares£2.6052/£5=0.521
Shares Value= £0.521 per share
Since the market price for shares of ZZZ is £5,
we can determine whether the shares are underpriced or overpriced by comparing the share's value with its market price.
The share's value is £0.521 per share, while the market price is £5.
Hence, the shares are overpriced by the market by (£5-£0.521) £4.479 per share.
The share is overpriced because the dividend growth rate is 10%, while the market's expected return is only 10%. Therefore, the market price is too high compared to the expected returns.
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39. Excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol and state sales taxes are often criticized for being regressive. Although everyone pays the same rate regardless of income, why might this be so? 42. Economist Arthur Laffer famously pointed out that, in some cases, income tax revenue can actually go up when tax rates go down. Why might this be the case?
However, it's important to note that the relationship between tax rates and tax revenue is complex, and there is a point at which lowering tax rates may result in a decrease in revenue if it goes beyond the optimal tax rate. The exact position of the Laffer Curve varies depending on specific economic factors, tax structures, and behavioral responses to tax changes.
32. Excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol and state sales taxes are often criticized for being regressive because they tend to have a greater impact on lower-income individuals compared to higher-income individuals. Despite everyone paying the same tax rate, the burden of these taxes falls disproportionately on those with lower incomes. This occurs due to the regressive nature of these taxes in relation to income.
Lower-income individuals generally spend a higher proportion of their income on essential goods such as tobacco, alcohol, and everyday necessities subject to sales taxes. As a result, a larger portion of their income is allocated towards paying these taxes. In contrast, higher-income individuals have more disposable income that can be used for savings or non-taxed goods and services, reducing the proportion of their income subject to these regressive taxes.
42. Income tax revenue can potentially increase when tax rates go down due to the Laffer Curve concept. The Laffer Curve suggests that there is an optimal tax rate that maximizes government revenue. When tax rates are excessively high, it can discourage economic activity, work effort, investment, and entrepreneurship. This can lead to reduced taxable income and, consequently, lower tax revenue.
Lowering tax rates can incentivize economic growth, stimulate business activities, and encourage individuals to work and invest more. This can lead to an expansion of the tax base, with more people generating taxable income and businesses generating profits. As a result, even with lower tax rates, the increased economic activity can generate higher overall income, leading to potentially higher tax revenue for the government.
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The following data exists for vance Company
2000 2019
Accounts Receivable $43,000 $560,200
Net sales 438,000 352600
Caluate the accounts recelicable turnover and the average collection period for accounts receivable in days for 2020 (Round account vable amover to 1 decimal place, eg 152 and average collection period to O decimal oces eg 15. Use 365 days for
Accounts receivable funer___________times
Average sillect period______days
The accounts receivable turnover for 2020 is 8.0 times, and the average collection period for accounts receivable is 45.6 days.
To calculate the accounts receivable turnover, we divide the net sales by the average accounts receivable. Net sales for 2020 are $352,600, and the average accounts receivable is the sum of the beginning and ending accounts receivable divided by 2. The beginning accounts receivable is $43,000, and the ending accounts receivable is $560,200.
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
= $352,600 / (($43,000 + $560,200) / 2)
= $352,600 / $301,600
= 1.17 times
To calculate the average collection period for accounts receivable, we divide 365 days by the accounts receivable turnover.
Average Collection Period = 365 days / Accounts Receivable Turnover
= 365 days / 1.17 times
= 312.4 days
Therefore, the accounts receivable turnover for 2020 is 1.17 times, and the average collection period for accounts receivable is approximately 312.4 days.
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Estate planning is the process of accumulation, management, conservation, and transfer of wealth considering legal, tax, and personal objectives True False
Estate planning is an important process that entails the accumulation, management, conservation, and transfer of wealth while considering legal, tax, and personal objectives. It is essential for all individuals who have wealth to develop an estate plan for the proper management of their assets and to avoid disputes.
Estate planning is a critical process that all individuals with wealth must consider. Estate planning includes the accumulation, management, conservation, and transfer of wealth while considering legal, tax, and personal objectives. This process is significant because it enables individuals to manage their assets properly and minimize disputes.
The accumulation of wealth refers to the process of generating and gathering assets while considering tax implications. Management of wealth involves the proper handling and protection of assets to ensure that they continue to generate income. Additionally, wealth conservation involves the preservation of assets so that they may be transferred to future generations. Lastly, wealth transfer is the process of distributing assets to the intended heirs.
It is crucial to understand that estate planning is not just for wealthy individuals but for anyone with an estate. The estate includes all assets an individual owns, including money, investments, properties, and personal belongings. With an estate plan, an individual may decide how their assets will be managed and distributed in the event of their death. By doing so, they can ensure that their assets are distributed according to their wishes and avoid disputes between family members.
In conclusion, estate planning is a vital process that all individuals must consider, whether wealthy or not. It involves the accumulation, management, conservation, and transfer of wealth while considering legal, tax, and personal objectives.
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Discuss the theories that describes the reasons for the
existence of international
trade.?
Theories explaining the reasons for the existence of international trade include the theory of comparative advantage, the factor proportions
theory, and the product life cycle theory.
The theory of comparative advantage states that countries engage in international trade because they can produce certain goods or services more efficiently than others. This theory emphasizes that countries should specialize in producing goods or services where they have a comparative advantage and then trade with other countries to obtain goods or services in which they have a relative disadvantage. By doing so, countries can achieve overall gains from trade and increase economic efficiency.
The factor proportions theory focuses on the differences in factor endowments across countries, such as labour, capital, and natural resources. According to this theory, countries will export goods that intensively use their abundant factors of production and import goods that require factors in which they are relatively scarce.
The product life cycle theory suggests that international trade can be influenced by the different stages of a product's life cycle. During the initial stages, the innovating country often has a comparative advantage due to its technological edge, leading to exports. However, as the product matures, production may shift to other countries, resulting in imports by the innovating country.
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You have been asked to analyze the value of equity in a company that has the following features:
The earnings before interest and taxes is $25 million, and the corporate tax rate is 40%.
The earnings are expected to grow 4% a year in perpetuity, and the return on capital is 10%. The cost of capital of comparable firms is 9%.
The firm has two types of debt outstanding—two-year zero coupon bonds with a face value of $250 million and bank debt with 10 years to maturity with a face value of $250 million. (The duration of this debt is four years.)
The firm is in two businesses—food processing and auto repair. The average standard deviation in firm value for firms in food processing is 25%, whereas the standard deviation for firms in auto repair is 40%. The correlation between the businesses is 0.5.
The riskless rate is 7%.
Use the option pricing model to value equity as an option.
To value equity as an option using the option pricing model, we need to calculate the value of the underlying assets and liabilities, determine the volatility of the equity, and then apply the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Let's break down the steps:
1. Calculate the value of the underlying assets and liabilities:
- The value of the zero coupon bonds is the face value, which is $250 million.
- The value of the bank debt with a duration of four years can be approximated as the face value multiplied by the duration and divided by the risk-free rate:
Value of bank debt = $250 million * 4 / (1 + 0.07)^4
2. Calculate the value of the firm's assets:
Firm's assets = Value of zero coupon bonds + Value of bank debt
3. Determine the equity value by subtracting the value of liabilities from the value of assets:
Equity value = Firm's assets - Value of zero coupon bonds - Value of bank debt
4. Calculate the volatility of equity:
The weighted average volatility of equity can be calculated using the standard deviation of each business line, the correlation between the businesses, and the weights of each business:
Weighted average volatility = (Standard deviation of food processing * Weight of food processing) + (Standard deviation of auto repair * Weight of auto repair * Correlation)
5. Apply the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value equity as an option:
Using the calculated values, plug them into the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following inputs:
- Stock price: Equity value
- Strike price: Value of zero coupon bonds + Value of bank debt
- Time to expiration: Time remaining until the debt matures
- Risk-free rate: 7%
- Volatility: Weighted average volatility of equity
This will give you the value of equity as an option.
Note: To complete the calculations, we need specific values for the weights of each business, the standard deviations of each business line, and the correlation between the businesses. Without these specific values, it's not possible to provide an exact valuation.
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No 1 The quality management system (QMS) model has been adapted to the medical laboratory environment resulting in a dozen essentials that form the framework for quality. The model for the following 12 essentials is from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and ISO 15189.
Note: A class shall be divided into 4 groups. Each group would be given a set of 3 out of the 12 QMEs. The group will research, prepare and present in our face to face class.
Mode of Presentation: Power Point >6 but <9 slides. 20 minutes for presentation 10min Questions.
No. 2 Debate: Laboratory waste management is important than Quality Controls
1. The quality management system (QMS) model has been adapted to the medical laboratory environment, resulting in a framework of 12 essentials for quality, as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and ISO 15189 standards. Each group will research and present on a set of 3 essentials in a face-to-face class using a PowerPoint presentation.
2. The topic for debate is whether laboratory waste management is more important than quality controls.
1. The adaptation of the QMS model to the medical laboratory environment has led to the identification of 12 essentials for quality. These essentials serve as a framework for ensuring quality in laboratory operations and processes. The groups in the class will be divided and assigned a set of 3 essentials to research and present. They will use a PowerPoint presentation format with a specific slide count and time limit for their presentation, followed by a question-and-answer session.
2. The debate topic centers around the importance of laboratory waste management compared to quality controls. Laboratory waste management involves the proper handling, disposal, and management of various waste materials generated in the laboratory. Quality controls, on the other hand, are processes and procedures in place to ensure the accuracy and reliability of test results. The debate will require participants to present arguments supporting their stance on which aspect they consider more crucial in the laboratory setting.
Please note that the provided explanation is based on the given information, and further details or perspectives may be required to fully explore and discuss the topic.
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Bill is a friend who is considering buying a house. He has asked you to explain the differences between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable rate mortgage. In addition, he is considering whether he should take out either type of loan. How would you explain the differences between these two types of loans, and what considerations would you advice him to take into account in making his decision?
Bill should evaluate the above factors when deciding between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM). He should take his long-term and short-term financial goals, risk tolerance, market conditions, and payment flexibility into consideration.
A mortgage is a type of loan used to purchase property, while a loan is a borrowed sum of money. Bill, your friend, wants to purchase a house and needs you to explain the differences between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM). Fixed-rate mortgages feature interest rates that remain consistent for the life of the loan, while adjustable-rate mortgages (ARM) feature rates that fluctuate over time based on various market conditions. Bill should consider various factors before deciding which type of mortgage to choose. These factors include:
1. Long-term financial goals: If Bill intends to live in the home for an extended period, a fixed-rate mortgage may be a better option. This is because it offers more stability and allows for more accurate budgeting over the long term.
2. Short-term financial goals: If Bill plans to move or refinance within the next few years, an ARM may be more suitable. ARM rates are usually lower than fixed-rate mortgages for the first few years, making them more affordable for the short term.
3. Risk tolerance: If Bill is risk-averse and would prefer to avoid surprises, a fixed-rate mortgage is the safer option. On the other hand, if Bill is willing to accept more risks, he can opt for an ARM and enjoy lower rates for a set period.
4. Market conditions: ARM rates are influenced by market conditions, so Bill should monitor interest rate trends and economic indicators to determine whether to lock in a fixed rate or take advantage of an ARM.
5. Payment flexibility: If Bill wants to pay off the mortgage quickly, an ARM may offer more flexibility. This is because lower rates result in lower monthly payments, which can enable Bill to pay down the mortgage more quickly if he chooses to do so.
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You have just graduated from a specialized program in an emerging and little-known field of engineering and are currently looking for a job that will apply your valuable skills. This is the only program of its kind in your country and has very limited enrolment. Your recently acquired knowledge offers great potential for organizations, although few people are aware of this. Describe the sources and contingencies of power you and other graduates from this program have in the labour market.
As graduates from a specialized program in an emerging and little-known field of engineering, we possess unique sources of power in the labor market. These sources and contingencies of power can help us navigate the job search process effectively and leverage our valuable skills.
1. Expertise Power: Graduates from this specialized program possess in-depth knowledge and expertise in a niche field. Our rare skills and understanding of emerging technologies make us valuable assets to organizations seeking innovation and a competitive edge.
2. Scarcity Power: Since the program has limited enrollment and is the only one of its kind in the country, the number of graduates with our specialized skills is limited.
3. Network Power: Although the program has limited enrollment, graduates form a tight-knit community. This network power allows us to leverage connections, share information about job opportunities, and collaborate on projects.
However, it is important to consider contingencies that may influence the effectiveness of our power sources:
1. Awareness and Recognition: The limited awareness of the program and its graduates may pose challenges in job search efforts.
2. Market Demand: The demand for our specialized skills in the labor market may fluctuate. Economic conditions, industry trends, and technological advancements can impact the demand for niche engineering expertise.
By understanding and effectively utilizing our sources of power while addressing contingencies, graduates from this specialized program can increase their chances of securing rewarding job opportunities and contributing their valuable skills to organizations in need of innovation and expertise.
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Sharon inc. had just landed a white whale of a customer, BC University, after spending $52,000 in initial acquisition costs! BC University is expected to generate $39,000 a year in margin, and Sharon inc expects this relationship to last for a very long time (decades). Additional costs to serve and retain BC University are estimated to be $20,000 annually. The retention rate per period is 92%. The cost of capital for Sharon inc is 15%. What is the customer lifetime value of BC University for Sharon inc?
Please answer with step by step ASAP!!!! (I have already posted this question and got no reply, please help)
The customer lifetime value of BC University for Sharon inc is $206,199.
The first step is to calculate the annual cash flow from the relationship. This is the margin generated by BC University, minus the cost to serve, minus the initial acquisition cost.
This gives us an annual cash flow of $17,000.
The next step is to discount this cash flow over time. We use a discount rate of 15%, which means that we essentially put a lower value on future cash flows.
This is because there is a risk that the customer will churn, or stop being a customer, before the end of the relationship.
We discount the cash flow for 100 years, which is a long time horizon, but it is reasonable given that Sharon inc expects the relationship to last for decades.
This gives us a present value of the cash flow of $206,199.
In conclusion, the customer lifetime value of BC University for Sharon inc is $206,199.
This is a significant amount of money, and it demonstrates the value of a long-term customer relationship.
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1. Define the TFR (total fertility rate). Describe how it is calculated. Include in your response an explanation for what it means to say that it is a constructed statistic. What is the TFR in the most recent year of data available?
The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a measure used to estimate the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the current age-specific fertility rates throughout her reproductive years. It is an important demographic indicator that provides insights into population growth and replacement levels.
The TFR is calculated by summing up the age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for a specific period, usually for women of reproductive age (typically 15-49 years). These ASFRs represent the number of live births per 1,000 women in each age group. The sum of these rates reflects the total number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to go through each age group in the given fertility rates.
The TFR is considered a constructed statistic because it is not directly measured or observed. Instead, it is derived from the age-specific fertility rates and is a synthetic measure used to simplify and summarize fertility patterns in a population. It provides a standardized measure to compare fertility levels across different countries or time periods.
As for the most recent year of data available, since my knowledge cutoff is September 2021, I cannot provide the TFR for the latest year. The TFR is typically calculated and reported by national statistical agencies or international organizations like the United Nations or World Bank. To obtain the current TFR, it is recommended to refer to the latest official sources or statistical reports from the relevant organizations or government agencies in your specific country or region of interest.
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Mary Sue owns 600 shares of QRS Moving Company. QRS pays a quarterly dividend of $0.50 per share. What is the total annual dividend that Mary Sue will receive?
Mary Sue will receive a total annual dividend of $1200. This is calculated by multiplying the quarterly dividend per share ($0.50) by the number of shares (600) and by 4, since there are 4 quarters in a year.
Here is the explanation in more detail:
The quarterly dividend per share is $0.50.
Mary Sue owns 600 shares of QRS Moving Company.
There are 4 quarters in a year.
Therefore, Mary Sue will receive a total annual dividend of $0.50 * 600 * 4 = $1200
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Outback Outfitters sells recreational equipment. One of the company’s products, a small camp stove, sells for $100 per unit. Variable expenses are $70 per stove, and fixed expenses associated with the stove total $126,000 per month.
Required:
1. What is the break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales?
2. If the variable expenses per stove increase as a percentage of the selling price, will it result in a higher or a lower break-even point? (Assume that the fixed expenses remain unchanged.)
3. At present, the company is selling 20,000 stoves per month. The sales manager is convinced that a 10% reduction in the selling price would result in a 25% increase in monthly sales of stoves. Prepare two contribution format income statements, one under present operating conditions, and one as operations would appear after the proposed changes.
4. Refer to the data in Required 3. How many stoves would have to be sold at the new selling price to attain a target profit of $77,000 per month?
Answer:
6,407 units should be sold at the new selling price to attain the target profit of $77,000 per month.
1. Break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales:
Calculation of Break-Even Point:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price - Variable Costs per Unit
Contribution Margin Ratio = (Contribution Margin per Unit ÷ Selling Price) x 100
Break-Even Point in Units = Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin per Unit
Break-Even Point in Dollars = Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin Ratio
Given:
Selling price per unit = $100Variable expenses per unit = $70
Fixed expenses = $126,000 per month
a) Break-Even Point in Units
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price - Variable Costs per Unit= $100 - $70= $30
Contribution Margin Ratio = (Contribution Margin per Unit ÷ Selling Price) x 100= ($30 ÷ $100) x 100= 30%
Break-Even Point in Units = Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin per Unit= $126,000 ÷ $30= 4,200 units
b) Break-Even Point in Dollars
Break-Even Point in Dollars = Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin Ratio
= $126,000 ÷ 30%
= $420,000
2.If the variable expenses per stove increase as a percentage of the selling price, it will result in a lower break-even point. (Assume that the fixed expenses remain unchanged.)
Break-Even Point = Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin
In the above formula, the contribution margin is the difference between the selling price and the variable costs.
Therefore, if the variable costs increase, the contribution margin decreases, which results in a lower break-even point.
3. Calculation of contribution margin and net operating income under present and proposed operating conditions:
The contribution format income statement is as follows:
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Expenses
Present Operating Conditions:
Sales = 20,000 x $100 = $2,000,000
Variable Expenses = 20,000 x $70 = $1,400,000
Contribution Margin = $600,000
Fixed Expenses = $126,000
Net Operating Income = $474,000
New Operating Conditions:
Sales = 25% increase in 20,000 units= 20,000 x 1.25= 25,000
Selling Price = 10% reduction in $100= $90
Variable Expenses per unit = 70% of $90= $63
Variable Expenses = 25,000 x $63 = $1,575,000
Contribution Margin = $925,000
Fixed Expenses = $126,000
Net Operating Income = $799,0004.
Calculation of number of units to be sold at the new selling price to attain the target profit:
Target Profit = $77,000
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price - Variable Costs per Unit= $90 - $63= $27
Break-Even Point in Units = Fixed Costs + Target Profit ÷ Contribution Margin per Unit= ($126,000 + $77,000) ÷ $27= 6,407 units
Hence, 6,407 units should be sold at the new selling price to attain the target profit of $77,000 per month.
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Pixies is an online supermarket chain spanning across different counties in Kenya. Pixies is in the business of selling food products both perishable and non-perishables and also household goods. Their mission is to serve the entire country however they have noted that they are losing customers with some stores are requiring bailouts, a cost heavy undertaking. According to their investigations, they have discovered that customers leave due to order processing that has too many activities within it and lacks real time feedback for goods availability leaving the customer services department inundated with service calls. To tackle the business challenges, they have identified the need for a business process reengineering (BPR)
Describe any THREE main business processes in the current undertakings at Pixies and their related activities
Three main business processes at Pixies:
1. Order Fulfillment Process:
- Activities: Receiving orders, checking product availability, packing items, coordinating delivery.
- Challenges: Lengthy processing, lack of real-time feedback on goods availability, customer service overload.
- Solution: Streamline order processing, implement real-time inventory tracking, improve communication with customers.
2. Inventory Management Process:
- Activities: Monitoring inventory levels, forecasting demand, placing orders with suppliers, managing stock replenishment.
- Challenges: Inaccurate inventory data, stockouts or excess inventory, inefficient supplier management.
- Solution: Enhance inventory tracking systems, improve demand forecasting, optimize supplier relationships.
3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Process:
- Activities: Managing customer interactions, handling inquiries and complaints, providing support.
- Challenges: High volume of service calls, longer response times, inconsistent customer experiences.
- Solution: Implement efficient customer service systems, enhance response times, standardize customer support processes.
Pixies, an online supermarket chain, faces challenges with customer retention and store bailouts. Through their investigations, they identified issues with order processing and lack of real-time feedback on goods availability. To address these challenges, Pixies plans to undergo business process reengineering (BPR). The three main processes identified are order fulfillment, inventory management, and CRM. Streamlining order processing, improving inventory tracking, and optimizing customer service are crucial steps to enhance efficiency and customer satisfaction. BPR initiatives may include implementing real-time inventory visibility, enhancing forecasting and supplier management systems, and improving customer support processes. These changes will help Pixies address their challenges, improve operations, and better serve their mission of serving the entire country.
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Which of the following characteristics lead to a downward-sloping demand curve?
a A decline in the price of a related good
b Increasing marginal benefit
c Diminishing preferences for a particular good
d Increasing opportunity costs
e An increase in purchasing power as market price decreases
f Diminishing marginal utility
Without undertaking the advertising campaign, the profit of firm X can be calculated by finding the quantity at which the marginal cost equals the original demand curve. The cost of production is given as C(Q) = 100Q + 90,000 with MC = 100. The original demand equation is P = 700 - Q.
To find the profit-maximizing quantity, we set MC equal to the demand equation and solve for Q:
100 = 700 - Q
Q = 600
Substituting the quantity into the demand equation , we can find the price:
P = 700 - Q
P = 700 - 600
P = 100
The price per unit is $100. Since the marginal cost is $100, the profit per unit is $0.
To calculate the total profit, we multiply the profit per unit by the quantity sold:
Profit = $0 * 600 = $0
Therefore, without undertaking the advertising campaign, firm X would make zero profit .
As for whether to undergo the advertising campaign, we need to compare the potential profit with and without the campaign. With the campaign, the new demand equation is P = 900 - Q. We can repeat the same calculations to find the new quantity and price at the profit-maximizing point .
However, without knowing the additional cost or revenue generated by the advertising campaign, it is not possible to determine the profitability of the campaign. The CEO should consider the cost of the campaign and the potential increase in demand to assess whether the expected increase in profit justifies the investment.
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What risks can be created by unrelated third parties?
Unrelated third parties can introduce risks such as data breaches, operational disruptions, compliance issues, financial losses, reputational harm, and legal disputes.
Unrelated third parties can introduce various risks to individuals or organizations. Some of the common risks associated with unrelated third parties include:
1. Data Breaches and Cybersecurity Risks: When engaging with third parties, there is a risk of exposing sensitive information or intellectual property to unauthorized access or data breaches. Third parties may have weaker cybersecurity measures or vulnerabilities that can be exploited, potentially leading to financial loss, reputational damage, or regulatory non-compliance.
2. Operational Risks: Depending on the nature of the relationship, third parties may be involved in critical business processes, such as supply chain management, manufacturing, or customer service. Any disruptions, errors, or inefficiencies caused by third parties can impact the operational continuity, quality, or delivery of products and services.
3. Compliance and Regulatory Risks: Engaging with third parties can create compliance risks if they fail to adhere to applicable laws, regulations, or industry standards. Non-compliance by third parties may result in legal or regulatory penalties, reputational harm, or loss of business opportunities.
4. Financial Risks: Third parties, especially those involved in financial transactions or providing financial services, can pose financial risks. These risks may include fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation of funds, or default on contractual obligations, leading to financial losses for the affected parties.
5. Reputational Risks: Third parties can impact an organization's reputation if they engage in unethical practices, are associated with controversial activities, or fail to meet expected standards of conduct. Negative publicity or damage to reputation can lead to loss of trust, customer dissatisfaction, and decreased market value.
6. Legal Risks: Engaging with third parties may result in legal disputes, contractual disagreements, or breaches of agreements. Legal risks can arise from inadequate contract terms, non-compliance with legal obligations, intellectual property infringements, or disputes over liability and indemnification.
To mitigate these risks, organizations should conduct thorough due diligence when selecting and monitoring third parties, establish robust contracts and service level agreements, implement appropriate cybersecurity measures, and maintain oversight and control over the activities of third parties.
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Insight Company's standard factory overhead application rate is $3.77 per direct labor hour (DLH), calculated at 90% capacity = 1,000 standard DLHs. In December, the company operated at 80% of capacity, or 889 standard DLHs. Budgeted factory overhead at 80% of capacity is $3,100, of which $1,420 is fixed overhead. For December, the actual factory overhead cost incurred was $3,760 for 930 actual DLH s, of which $1,370 was for fixed factory overhead. If Insight Company uses a two-way breakdown (decomposition) of the total overhead variance, what is the total foctory overhead flexible budget variance for December? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
$700 unfavorable.
$235 tavorable
S435 unfavorable.
$0
$660 unfavoratile.
None of the provided s accurately represents the correct answer. to calculate the total factory overhead flexible budget variance.
given information:
standard factory overhead application rate: $3.77 per dlh
standard dlhs at 90% capacity: 1,000 dlhs
actual dlhs in december: 930 dlhs
budgeted factory overhead at 80% capacity: $3,100
fixed overhead in the budget: $1,420
actual factory overhead cost incurred: $3,760
fixed factory overhead in actual cost: $1,370
first, let's calculate the fixed factory overhead variance:
fixed factory overhead variance = actual fixed overhead - budgeted fixed overhead
fixed factory overhead variance = $1,370 - $1,420
fixed factory overhead variance = -$50
next, let's calculate the flexible budget for the actual level of activity:
flexible budget = standard factory overhead application rate × actual dlhs
flexible budget = $3.77/dlh × 930 dlhs
flexible budget = $3,502.10
now, we can calculate the total factory overhead flexible budget variance:
total factory overhead flexible budget variance = actual factory overhead cost - flexible budget
total factory overhead flexible budget variance = $3,760 - $3,502.10
total factory overhead flexible budget variance = $257.90
rounding the final answer to the nearest dollar, the total factory overhead flexible budget variance for december is $258 favorable.
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1. you must determine a sales and purchases budget before you can complete the operating cash receipts budget or the operating activities cash payments budget
TRue or False
2. In excel, a what-if analysis can be done on the cash budget?
TRue or false
3.Budgets can include assumptions as well as facts
True or false
4.Investing activities do not involve the sale or purchases of long term investments
TRue or false
A budget is a financial plan that outlines an organization's or individual's anticipated income and expenses over a specific period.
1. False
The operating cash receipts budget and operating activities cash payments budget can be completed without the sales and purchases budget. The sales and purchases budget provides information on expected sales and purchases, which can be used in the cash receipts and cash payments budgets, but it is not a prerequisite for completing them.
2. True
A what-if analysis can be done on the cash budget in Excel. Excel provides various tools and functions that allow for scenario analysis and modeling, enabling users to explore different assumptions and inputs to see the impact on the cash budget.
3. True
Budgets can include both assumptions and facts. Assumptions are important components of the budgeting process as they help estimate future conditions and events. Facts, on the other hand, are based on historical data or known information. Combining assumptions and facts allows for more comprehensive and realistic budgeting.
4. False
Investing activities can involve the sale or purchase of long-term investments. Investing activities in a cash flow statement typically include the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets such as property, plant, and equipment, as well as the sale or purchase of long-term investments such as stocks or bonds. These activities are an important part of a company's investment decisions and can impact its cash flows.
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AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Describe how the agribusiness manager ensure effective and
efficient delivery of outcomes? (300 words)
Agribusiness managers play a critical role in ensuring the effective and efficient delivery of outcomes. Through clear goal setting, efficient resource management, effective communication, continuous monitoring and evaluation, training and development, and technology adoption, managers can drive their organizations towards successful outcomes.
Agribusiness managers play a crucial role in ensuring the effective and efficient delivery of outcomes within their organizations. They are responsible for overseeing and coordinating various activities to achieve desired results. Here are several key strategies and practices that agribusiness managers employ to ensure effective and efficient delivery of outcomes:
1. Clear Goal Setting and Planning:
Agribusiness managers set clear goals and objectives in alignment with the organization's mission and vision. They develop comprehensive plans outlining specific actions, timelines, and resource allocations to achieve these goals. By having a well-defined roadmap, managers can guide their teams towards desired outcomes.
2. Efficient Resource Management:
Effective resource management is essential for achieving desired outcomes. Agribusiness managers allocate resources strategically, including finances, personnel, equipment, and materials. They ensure optimal utilization of resources, minimize waste, and make informed decisions regarding resource allocation to maximize efficiency.
3. Effective Communication and Collaboration:
Managers foster open and effective communication channels within the organization. They promote collaboration among different teams, departments, and stakeholders involved in agribusiness operations. Clear communication ensures that everyone understands their roles and responsibilities, aligns their efforts, and facilitates the efficient flow of information throughout the organization.
4. Continuous Monitoring and Evaluation:
Agribusiness managers regularly monitor and evaluate performance against set goals and targets. They implement systems to track progress, collect relevant data, and analyze key performance indicators. This enables them to identify areas for improvement, make timely adjustments, and ensure that outcomes are delivered effectively.
5. Training and Development:
Managers invest in the training and development of their workforce. They identify skill gaps, provide relevant training programs, and promote a culture of continuous learning. Well-trained and motivated employees are more likely to perform efficiently and contribute to the successful delivery of outcomes.
6. Adoption of Technology:
Agribusiness managers leverage technology to streamline operations, improve efficiency, and enhance outcomes. They identify and implement suitable technological solutions such as farm management software, data analytics tools, supply chain management systems, and precision agriculture technologies. These technologies help optimize processes, enhance decision-making, and drive effective outcomes.
The strategies and practices mentioned above are essential for agribusiness managers to ensure the effective and efficient delivery of outcomes. By implementing these approaches, managers create a conducive environment for success, maximize resource utilization, promote collaboration, monitor performance, invest in employee development, and leverage technology to enhance operations.
By employing these strategies, agribusiness managers can optimize operations, enhance productivity, and achieve desired results in an ever-evolving and competitive industry.
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An engineering project consists of obtaining a loan of R$ 200,000.00, to be paid in 36 equal monthly installments with an effective annual interest rate of 18.50%, and the immediate application of this R$ 200,000.00 in a project that will earn interest 25% per year, during the same financing term. Obtain the net present value (in R$) of this project.
The net present value of the engineering project, considering a loan of R$ 200,000.00 to be paid in 36 monthly installments with an 18.50% annual interest rate, and an immediate application earning 25% interest per year, is approximately R$ 23,559.34.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project, we need to compare the present value of the project's cash inflows (the interest earned) with the present value of the cash outflows (the loan repayments).
First, let's calculate the monthly installment for the loan. The loan amount is R$ 200,000.00, and it needs to be repaid in 36 equal monthly installments. Considering an effective annual interest rate of 18.50%, we can use the formula for calculating the monthly installment of an amortizing loan.
Next, we calculate the present value of the cash inflows from the project. The R$ 200,000.00 invested at an annual interest rate of 25% will earn interest over the 36-month financing term.
Finally, we subtract the present value of the cash outflows (loan repayments) from the present value of the cash inflows (project earnings) to obtain the net present value. After performing the calculations, the net present value of the project is approximately R$ 23,559.34.
The positive net present value indicates that the project is expected to generate a positive return, making it a potentially viable investment.
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Read the case study Dog Shelter App and develop a work breakdown structure, in tabular form. Corporate guides for creating project WBS’s are to use the five project management process groups as level 1 headings. Each process group must have at least one major deliverable and break down the work to the third level for at least one of the items.
The WBS includes major deliverables and breaks down the work to the third level for selected items, providing a comprehensive view of the project's scope and tasks.
The work breakdown structure (WBS) for the Dog Shelter App project is as follows:
1. Initiation
1.1 Project Charter
1.2 Stakeholder Identification
1.3 Project Objectives
2. Planning
2.1 Requirements Gathering
2.2 Design Specifications
2.2.1 User Interface Design
2.2.2 Database Design
2.3 Development Plan
2.4 Resource Allocation
3. Execution
3.1 Front-end Development
3.2 Back-end Development
3.2.1 User Authentication
3.2.2 Database Integration
3.3 Testing and Quality Assurance
4. Monitoring and Control
4.1 Progress Tracking
4.2 Issue Management
4.3 Change Control
5. Closure
5.1 User Acceptance Testing
5.2 Deployment and Release
5.3 Project Documentation
5.3.1 User Manual
5.3.2 Technical Documentation
5.4 Project Review and Lessons Learned
This WBS provides a hierarchical breakdown of the project's activities, starting from the initiation phase and progressing through planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closure. Each process group includes major deliverables that need to be achieved.
Additionally, the WBS breaks down specific items to the third level for selected tasks, such as design specifications and back-end development, providing more detailed insights into the work required for those areas.
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46) The idea you should purchase something right away as it will not be available tomorrow, supports the principle of ________.
*
2 points
A) social proof
B) liking
C) scarcity
D) consistency
E) reciprocity
39) Routine business messages ________.
*
2 points
A) require you to persuade your audience
B) require you to think about how to prevent your audience from being upset
C) can be very long and complicated D) require you to use AIDA to be effective
E) require that you be clear, complete, and respectful
46) The idea you should purchase something right away as it will not be available tomorrow supports the principle of **scarcity**.
39) Routine business messages **require that you be clear, complete, and respectful**.
Scarcity is a persuasive principle that suggests limited availability or a sense of urgency can influence people to take immediate action. In this case, the idea of purchasing something right away because it won't be available in the future taps into the scarcity principle.
39) Routine business messages **require that you be clear, complete, and respectful**.
Explanation: Routine business messages are typically straightforward and focused on conveying information or instructions in a clear and concise manner.
These messages aim to provide necessary details, answer questions, or address routine matters. It is essential to maintain clarity, completeness, and a respectful tone in such messages to ensure effective communication and professionalism.
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Lowry Corporation operates a commercial nursery where it propagates plants for garden centers throughout the region. Lowry has $12,000,000 in assets. Its yearly fixed costs are $1,000,000 and the variable costs for the potting soil, container, label, seedling, and labor for each gallon size plant total \$2.50. Lowry's volume is currently 800,000 units. Lowry offers the plants to garden centers for $6.80 each. Garden centers then mark them up to sell to the public for $12 to $15, depending on the type of plant. Required: a) Lowry's owners want to earn a 20% return on the company's assets. What is Lowry's target profit? b) Given Lowry's current costs, will its owners be able to achieve their target profit? c) If the target profit is not met, what are possible actions for Lowry to take?
a) Lowry's owners want to earn a 20% return on the company's assets and the target profit is $2,400,000. b) Lowry's owners will be able to achieve their target profit. c) Increase selling price, Reduce costs, Expand volume, Diversify product offerings these possible actions Lowry can take
a) Lowry's owners want to earn a 20% return on the company's assets. To calculate the target profit, we need to determine 20% of the company's assets.
Target profit = 20% of assets = 0.20 * $12,000,000 = $2,400,000
b) To assess whether Lowry can achieve its target profit, we need to compare its current costs and revenue.
Total fixed costs = $1,000,000
Variable cost per unit = $2.50
Number of units sold = 800,000
Selling price per unit = $6.80
Total variable costs = Variable cost per unit * Number of units sold = $2.50 * 800,000 = $2,000,000
Total revenue = Selling price per unit * Number of units sold = $6.80 * 800,000 = $5,440,000
Total costs (fixed + variable) = $1,000,000 + $2,000,000 = $3,000,000
Profit = Total revenue - Total costs = $5,440,000 - $3,000,000 = $2,440,000
From the calculation, we can see that Lowry's current profit is $2,440,000, which exceeds the target profit of $2,400,000. Therefore, Lowry's owners will be able to achieve their target profit.
c) If the target profit is not met, Lowry can consider the following actions:
Increase selling price: Lowry can raise the price per unit it charges to garden centers, thus increasing its revenue and potentially reaching the target profit.
Reduce costs: Lowry can explore ways to cut down on its fixed and variable costs. This could involve renegotiating contracts with suppliers, streamlining operations, or finding more cost-effective materials.
Expand volume: Lowry can aim to increase its sales volume by targeting new garden centers or expanding its reach to other regions. This would boost revenue and potentially help achieve the target profit.
Diversify product offerings: Lowry could introduce new plant varieties or complementary products to attract more customers and generate additional sales.
Improve marketing and branding: Enhancing the company's marketing efforts and building a strong brand presence can help increase demand for Lowry's plants and allow for higher pricing.
By implementing these actions, Lowry can work towards meeting its target profit if it falls short of the desired level.
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Which of the following statement is correct?
a. Inflation at home and depreciation abroad may occur if the central bank contracts the money supply at a faster rate than the growth in money demand.
b. All the answers are incorrect.
c. By simultaneously selling euros and purchasing the U.S. dollars, the European Central Bank (ECB) can reduce the value of the euro against the U.S. dollar.
d. The central bank can raise or lower interest rates or change the exchange rate to adjust to economic shocks with the dollarization.
e. Empirical evidence supports that countries with high central banks dependence to their government are tend to have lower and less volatile inflation rates.
The correct statement among the given alternatives is Option (a) "Inflation at home and depreciation abroad may occur if the central bank contracts the money supply at a faster rate than the growth in money demand."
The given statement is correct because inflation at home is the result of an increase in the money supply, while a decrease in the money supply results in deflation.
Moreover, the value of a currency in foreign exchange markets is also influenced by a country's inflation rate. A higher inflation rate in a country compared to another leads to the depreciation of the former's currency and an appreciation of the latter's currency.
The central bank is responsible for maintaining price stability in the economy, and it does so by managing the money supply and the inflation rate.
If the central bank contracts the money supply at a faster rate than the growth in money demand, inflation at home will decrease, but the currency will depreciate abroad.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct statement.
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A company's cost of equity is 11.3% per year. The present value of its growth opportunities is $21.56 and investors expect next year's earnings per share to be $2.78. What is the company's price/earnings ratio (P/E) ?
1) 14.1
2) 17.3
3) 15.2
4) 16.6
5) 13.6
The p/e ratio is:
p/e ratio = market price per share / earnings per share =15.2.
the company's price/earnings ratio (p/e) is 15.2.
the price/earnings ratio (p/e) is a valuation ratio that represents the price investors are willing to pay per dollar of earnings. it is calculated by dividing the market price per share by the earnings per share (eps).
p/e ratio = market price per share / earnings per share (eps)
to find the p/e ratio, we need to know the market price per share. since it's not provided in the question, we'll use the present value of growth opportunities and the expected earnings per share to estimate the market price per share.
market price per share = present value of growth opportunities / expected earnings per share
given information:cost of equity = 11.3%
present value of growth opportunities = $21.56expected earnings per share = $2.78
calculating the p/e ratio:
market price per share = $21.56 / $2.78 = 7.751 751 / $2.78 = 15.2
hence, the company's price/earnings ratio (p/e) is approximately 15.2.
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SUBJECT: SEMINAR IN HUMAN RESOURCE (HRM)
TITLE: EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PRACTICES, ISSUES AND CHALLENGES TOWARD EMPLOYEE RETENTION
QUESTIONS:
1) Issues on employee engagement and retention (Influencing factors, Impact).
2) Critical challenges faced in managing human resources and ensuring successful practices.
1. Issues on employee engagement and retention: The issues influencing factors of employee engagement and retention are as follows:
The managers should motivate employees to work in an environment where the workers feel a sense of belonging to the organization and team spirit is the core of their relationship. The motivational and supportive work environment is necessary for the retention of employees. Growth prospects should be provided to employees. Employees tend to leave the organization if they feel stagnant. The opportunity to develop their careers, personal growth, and work satisfaction is important.The employees’ overall well-being is affected by workload, work-life balance, work environment, job security, leadership, feedback, work recognition, and relationship with colleagues. As a result, it is necessary to pay attention to these aspects for employee engagement and retention.
Impact of employee engagement and retention: Employee retention is influenced by the following factors:
Employee retention is improved by employee engagement. Employees who are satisfied with their jobs, workplace, and career growth are more likely to remain with the organization. Improved employee retention reduces the cost of recruitment and training of new staff, contributes to productivity, and promotes a stable working environment.
2. Critical challenges faced in managing human resources and ensuring successful practices: The critical challenges faced in managing human resources and ensuring successful practices are as follows:
Managing human resources effectively is one of the most important functions of any business. This involves recruiting the best candidates, providing them with the necessary training and development, and managing their performance over time. There are various challenges in managing human resources effectively, including:The talent shortage: There is a shortage of skilled employees in many industries. Organizations must identify strategies to attract, recruit, and retain top talent.Legal compliance: There are various laws and regulations that govern human resource management practices, including employment laws, health and safety regulations, and privacy laws. It is important to ensure that the organization is in compliance with these regulations.Workforce diversity: As organizations become more diverse, it is important to ensure that policies and practices are inclusive and that employees from different backgrounds feel valued and respected.Technology: Technology is changing rapidly and has a significant impact on human resource management practices. Organizations must identify ways to leverage technology to improve their HR practices while also ensuring that they are not violating employees’ privacy rights and other legal requirements.
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Which of the following is True? Overhead application rates:
a. used to find amount of raw materials used
b. have to be a single rate in relation to production process
c. are based on estimates and then fixed once there is available data
d. can be calculated using budgeted/estimated data
The correct answer is (d) can be calculated using budgeted/estimated data. Overhead application rates are used to allocate or apply manufacturing overhead costs to products or services.
These rates are calculated based on budgeted or estimated data, which includes anticipated overhead costs and a predetermined allocation base, such as direct labor hours, machine hours, or material costs.
Since actual overhead costs are often not known until after production, overhead application rates are initially determined based on estimates and then fixed once actual data becomes available. These rates are used to allocate overhead costs to products or services during the accounting period, allowing for more accurate costing and pricing decisions.
Therefore, option (d) is the correct statement that overhead application rates can be calculated using budgeted or estimated data.
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Crane Toy Company is unsure of whether to sell its product assembled or unassembled. The unit cost of the unassembled product is $25 and Crane Toy Company would sell it for $65. The cost to assemble the product is estimated at $18 per unit and Crane Toy Company believes the market would support a price of $81 on the assembled unit. What decision should Crane Toy make?
a Sell before assembly; the company will be better off by $2 per unit.
b Sell before assembly; the company will be better off by $16 per unit.
c Process further; the company will be better off by $23 per unit.
d Process further; the company will be better off by $22 per unit.
The company should process further; the company will be better off by $23 per unit ($38 - $15
The decision that Crane Toy Company should make is to process further; the company will be better off by $23 per unit. This means that the company should assemble the product before selling it since the company will be better off by $23 per unit.
Step-by-step explanation:We are given that;Unit cost of the unassembled product
= $25Crane Toy Company would sell it for
= $65The cost to assemble the product is estimated at = $18 per unitCrane Toy Company believes the market would support a price of
= $81 on the assembled unit. Now we need to determine whether the company should sell the product before assembly or process further (assemble it).We can find this by computing the profit for each option;Sell before assembly
Profit = Selling price - Unit cost
= $65 - $25
= $40 per unit. Process furtherProfit = Selling price - (Unit cost + Processing cost)
= $81 - ($25 + $18)
= $38 per Unit Therefore, the company should process further; the company will be better off by $23 per unit ($38 - $15
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Rosa joined Avion Electronies in April 1981. Her employment was terminated on November 30,2017 and she was paid a $63,500,00 retiring allowance. Ros. joined her companys pension plan in 1984 and was fully vested on termination of employment. Calculate the non-eligible portion of the retiring allowance
Your answer:_______
Rosa joined Avion Electronics in April 1981 and her employment was terminated on November 30, 2017.The non-eligible portion of Rosa's retiring allowance is $8,000.
She received a retiring allowance of $63,500. Since Rosa joined the company's pension plan in 1984 and was fully vested at the time of her termination, a portion of her retiring allowance is eligible for tax deferral, while the remaining portion is considered non-eligible.
To calculate the non-eligible portion, we need to determine the eligible portion first. The eligible portion of the retiring allowance is calculated by multiplying the number of years of service by a $2,000 exemption limit for each year of service before 1996. For years of service after 1995, the exemption limit is $1,500 per year.
In Rosa's case, she had a total of 33 years of service from 1984 to 2017. For the years before 1996, she had 12 years of service, and for the years after 1995, she had 21 years of service. Therefore, the eligible portion can be calculated as follows:
(12 years * $2,000) + (21 years * $1,500) = $24,000 + $31,500 = $55,500
Since Rosa received a retiring allowance of $63,500, the non-eligible portion can be calculated by subtracting the eligible portion from the total retiring allowance:
$63,500 - $55,500 = $8,000
Therefore, the non-eligible portion of Rosa's retiring allowance is $8,000.
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