The two ways were,
It showed that atoms can be divided into smaller parts. It showed that all atoms contain electrons.What is Cathode ray tube experiment ?A cathode-ray tube, often known as a CRT, is a vacuum tube that houses one or more electron cannons that produce electron beams that are then bent to produce pictures on a phosphorescent screen. The visuals might be pictures (from a television or computer display), electrical waveforms (from an oscilloscope), radar targets, or other occurrences.
Tomson came to the conclusion that atoms can be divided into their constituent corpuscles (atoms are made up of smaller particles).
The electron was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson.
His "plum pudding" concept from 1904 postulated that the positive charge contains embedded electrons.
With this model, he disproved his first theory (the atom was composed of immaterial vortices).
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What is the formula mass of copper(ii) fluoride?
a. 146.10
b. 165.10
c. 101.55
d. 90.00
e. none of the above
The correct option is (c) 101.55.
Copper fluoride (CuF) -Copper(II) Fluoride Dihydrate is slightly soluble in water and has uses in ceramics and in fluxes used for brazing and soldering.Iodide ions are strong reducing agents. Therefore, Copper (II) Iodide reduces to insoluble copper (I) iodide. Thus making CuI2, CuI. CuI is not stable, so it doesn't exist in solution.Copper(II) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuF2. It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic solid with a rutile-type crystal structure, similar to other fluorides of chemical formulae MF2 (where M is a metal).What is copper fluoride used for?
Copper fluoride is used in ceramics and in fluxes for brazing and soldering. It is only marginally soluble in water. Fluoride compounds have a wide range of uses in modern science and technology, from etching and oil refining to synthetic organic chemistry and the production of medications.Learn more about copper fluoride
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Write the henderson-hasselbalch equation for a propanoic acid solution (ch3ch2co2h, pa=4. 874)
The Henderson-hasselbalch equation for a propanoic acid solution is expressed as [A-]/[HA] = 2.7.
What is Henderson Hasselbalch Equation ?It is expressed as:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA].
where,
[A-] is molar concentration of conjugate base and
[HA] is molar concentration of weak acid.
Given,
pH = 5.30
Substitute the value in the Henderson Hasselbalch equation
5.30 = 4.874 + log[A-]/ [HA]
log[A-]/[HA] = 5.30 - 4.874
[A-]/[HA] = 10^ 0.426
[A-]/[HA] = 2.7
Thus from the conclusion we can say that The henderson-hasselbalch equation for a propanoic acid solution is expressed as [A-]/[HA] = 2.7.
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Lithium metal reacts with nitrogen gas to form lithium nitride. identify the balanced reaction that describes this process
Lithium metal reacts with nitrogen gas to form lithium nitride the balanced chemical equation will be 6Li + N₂ → 2Li₃N.
What is a balanced chemical reaction?In a balanced chemical reaction, the number of moles that are present at the side of the reactant must be always equal to the side of product formation this is known as a balanced chemical equation.
The balanced chemical reaction will be 6Li + N₂ → 2Li₃N.
Here 6 moles of lithium is reacting with one nitrogen but as it is in gaseous state it is N₂ after reacting with lithium it will give two moles
Therefore, balanced equation will be 6Li + N₂ → 2Li₃N
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Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water. How much energy is released when they recombine?.
The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.
How to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water?Electrolysis is a promising choice for without carbon hydrogen creation from inexhaustible and atomic assets. Electrolysis is the method involved with utilizing power to part water into hydrogen and oxygen. This response happens in a unit called an electrolyzer. Electrolyzers can go in size from little, apparatus size hardware that is appropriate for limited scope dispersed hydrogen creation to huge scope, focal creation offices that could be tied straightforwardly to sustainable or other non-ozone depleting substance radiating types of power creation.How Does it Work?Like energy components, electrolyzers comprise of an anode and a cathode isolated by an electrolyte. Different electrolyzers capability in various ways, fundamentally because of the different kind of electrolyte material included and the ionic species it conducts.
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The solutions that are used in this experiment have alcohols as both the solvent and the reactant. How is the excess alcohol removed?.
Excess alcohol is removed by Vacuum filtration.
What is vacuum filtration?Vacuum filtration is a methodology where a tension differential is kept up with across the channel medium by clearing the air beneath the channel paper. Vacuum filtration gives a power on the arrangement notwithstanding that of gravity and builds the pace of filtration. Vacuum filtration is the standard strategy utilized for isolating a strong fluid blend when the objective is to hold the strong (for instance in crystallization).How do you dry a product after vacuum filtration?The strong can be dried rapidly by washing the strong with an unpredictable fluid (methanol, CH3)2CO, or ether are normal) that the strong won't break up in. In the event that the filtrate is to be gathered, change the getting jar prior to washing.To learn more about vacuum filtration from the given link
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A solution of 5. 00 g of lauryl alcohol in 0. 100 kg of benzene freezes at 4. 1°c. what is the approximate molar mass of lauryl alcohol?
The approximate molar mass of lauryl alcohol is 183 g/mol.
As per Raoult's law:
[tex]T_b - T_s =KC m[/tex]
Tb = the freezing point of benzene (5.5oC), Ts = the freezing point of the solution, K = the cryoscopic constant (5.12 K*kg/mol for benzene), and Cm = the molality of the solution.
[tex]m_{l}[/tex]/M[tex]m_{s}[/tex] = [tex]C_{m}[/tex] where ml is the mass of lauryl alcohol and ms is the mass of the solvent.
[tex]T_b - T_s =KC m[/tex]=K[tex]m_{l}[/tex]/M[tex]m_{s}[/tex]
Therefore, M=[tex]\frac{Km_{l} }{(T_b - T_s)m_{s} }[/tex]=[tex]5.12*5/0.1(5.5-4.1)[/tex]=183 g/mol.
Lauryl alcoholAn organic substance called lauryl alcohol is created industrially from coconut or palm kernel oil. It is an alcoholic fat. The use of sodium lauryl sulfate and other sulfate esters of lauryl alcohol as surfactants is extremely common. In shampoos, sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, and sodium lauryl sulfate are all utilized. Lauryl alcohol has a floral scent and is flavorless and colorless. In addition to being a flavor-enhancing food additive, lauryl alcohol is also used to create medicines, lubricating lubricants, surfactants, and monolithic polymers. Lauryl alcohol is a kind of emollient used in cosmetics. Lauryl alcohol, a significant scent, and 1-bromododecane, an alkylating agent used to increase the lipophilicity of organic molecules, are both precursors to Lauryl alcohol.
A solution of 5. 00 g of lauryl alcohol in 0. 100 kg of benzene freezes at 4. 1°c. what is the approximate molar mass of lauryl alcohol?
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Identify oxidation.
a. Increase in oxidation number.
b. Loss of electrons.
c. Decrease in oxidation number.
d. Gain of electrons.
e. Both A and B
Oxidation is "Increase in oxidation number" as well as loss of electrons.
A rise in oxidation number results from the loss of negative electrons, whereas a reduction in oxidation number results from the gain of electrons. As a consequence, the oxidized element or ion experiences a rise in oxidation number.
As a result of losing electrons in the process, a reactant oxidizes. When a reactant obtains electrons during a reaction, reduction takes place. This frequently happens when acid and metals react.
Therefore, Oxidation is "Increase in oxidation number" as well as loss of electrons.
Hence, the correct answer will be option (e)
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Pop is made up of three major parts (water, carbon dioxide, and sugar). Assume that all other ingredients are present in insignificant amounts. Explain how could you determine the moles and particles of water, carbon dioxide, and sugar in your pop. Be sure to show any necessary formulas in your answer.
If you were given the the total # of grams of all three compounds with the % of each molecular compound - H2O, CO2 and sugar [you would need to know the type of sugar in the Pop such as C12H22O11 as to find its MM (molar mass)]
To begin take the % of each compound x the total grams of all the compounds. For illustrative purposes let's say it works out to be 50 grams of H2O in the POP. The same would be. done for CO2 and for the sugar.
Step 1) With the mass of each you could determine the # of moles of each:
Example if the number grams of water in the sample is 50g, to determine the # of moles of water you would do the following - 50g H20 x 1 mol/18g H20 = 2.8 mol H2O The same technique would be used for the other compounds to find the # of moles.
Step 2) To find the representative particles of each(molecules, atoms) you would do the following:
as the example given of above for H20 - 50 grams you calculated as shown above to be the number of mol of H20 = 2.8mol
From the number of mol of H20, to determine the # of molecules of water you would set up the following:
2.8 mol H20 x 6.02 x 10^23/1 mol H2O = 1.69 X 10^24 molecules of H20.
The same would be done for CO2 and the sugar.
Step 3) Now to find the number of atoms of element of the compound taking for example the H2O example above:
Take the # of molecules of H2O found above and set it up in the following manner:
1.69 X 10^24 molecules H2O x 2 atoms H/1 molecule H2O = 3.38 x 10^24 atoms H
1.69 x 10^24 molecules H2O x 1 atom O)/1 molecule H2O = 1.69 X 10^24 atoms O
The same would be done for CO2 and for the sugar compound.
Explain the problem surrounding the ammonia-making process in terms of chemical equilibrium.
The main problem is the release of heat and thereby reducing yield of Ammonia.
What is chemical equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium is defined as the state of a reversible chemical reaction where there is no change in net amount of products and reactants involved in it.
What is an exothermic reaction?
Exothermic reaction is one of the chemical reactions that will produces heat during the formation of products.
At the chemical equilibrium, the chemical reaction will be as follows:
[tex]N_{2}[/tex] + 3[tex]H_{2}[/tex] → 2[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] + energy
The above chemical equilibrium equation indicates that energy will be released due to the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen. The energy release increases the surrounding temperature and thereby it will reduce the yield of the ammonia. Thus it can be indicated as the major problem.
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a balloon filled with .5l of air at sealevel is submerged in the water to a depth that produces a pressure of 3.25 atm. What is the volume of the balloon at this depth
The balloon is filled with 0.5L of air at sea level and submerged to a depth. Since, there is no change in the Temperature, the process is Isothermal. It is a process in which the temperature T of the given system does not change and remains constant. Hence, ΔT=0
Any system in which the temperature is kept constant is stated as an Isothermal Process. Since, in the given question, Temperature is not changing, hence we can consider it to be an Isothermal Process.
Given:
Pressure at sea level, P₁= 1 atm
Volume at sea level, V₁= 0.5L
Pressure at depth, P₂= 3.25 atm
Volume at depth, V₂= ?
Since, the process is Isothermal, hence,
∴ P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
⇒ 1 × 0.5 = 3.25 × V₂
⇒ V₂ = 0.5/3.25
⇒ V₂ = 0.154L
So, the Volume of balloon at the depth is 0.154L.
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What two effects do impurities have on the melting point of an organic compound and why?
The two effects do impurities have on the melting point of an organic compound are given as ,
They tend to lower the overall melting point of the compound versus the value for he pure material .They ends to increase the range of the melting point values .The impurities decreases the melting point of the substance of organic compounds . This is because there are unwanted particles which weaken the lattice structure of the solids crystal due to which it become less stable and melts before its original melting point.
Example : Let take a clay and add dirt hen it breaks easily from the points where there is dirt . This is essentially what happens with impurities
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Draw the major organic product(s) of the reaction of p-bromoaniline with ch3i (excess)
The major product is p-bromo N,N,N -trimethylaniliniumiodide when p-bromoaniline react with excess CH₃I.
When p-bromoaniline react with methyl iodide it produces p-bromo N,N-dimethylaniline.
What happens when p-bromo N,N-dimethylaniline. reacts with excess methyl iodide ?When p-bromo N,N-dimethylaniline reacts with excess methyl iodide leading to the production of p-bromo N,N,N -trimethylaniliniumiodide.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The major product is p-bromo N,N,N -trimethylaniliniumiodide. when p-bromoaniline react with excess CH₃I.
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Sodium hydroxide and water will react at room temperature. what does this indicate about its activation energy?
Answer:
Sodium hydroxide and water will react at room temperature. What does this indicate about its activation energy? The activation energy is at exactly 600 kJ. C. The activation energy is very low.
Explanation:
Organic molecules (amino acids) needed to be concentrated to stimulate reactions to form proteinsconcentration mechanisms do not include?
Organic molecules (amino acids) needed to be concentrated to stimulate reactions to form proteins concentration mechanisms do not include Boiling Stones.
What is Amino Acids ?Amino acids organic compounds. Amino acids are building block of life these are the molecules which combine to form proteins. Amino acids contain the amino functional group that is -NH₂ and carboxyl functional group that is -COOH.
Example: Glycine, Alanine etc.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Organic molecules (amino acids) needed to be concentrated to stimulate reactions to form proteins concentration mechanisms do not include Boiling Stones.
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Why is the 6 m naoh solution diluted before titrating the vinegar sample? How might your results be affected if you used the 6 m solution rather than the 0. 3 m naoh?
The 6 M solution NaOH solution diluted before titrating the vinegar sample because pH at the equivalence point changes very rapidly . It is very useful to have dilution solution , so that number of moles that are transferred per drop of the solution is low . So, pH change smaller amount per drop. Having more dilute solution also allows the titration to use volume that is easier to work with.
If you used the 6 M solution was used then the volume required for titration would go down by a factor of 6/0.3 = 20
This means that if a titration took 20ml of the 0.3 M solution then it would take 1ml of the NaOH solution.
Titration consists of adding a controlled and known amount of standard solution with an unknown until the reaction to be complete.
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A bumblebee carries pollen from the male portion of a plant to the female portion of the similar plant. Fertilization occurs. Which statement is true about this type of reproduction?
Answer:
It’s sexual, and the offspring are genetically different from the parents
Explanation:
Since it is the same flower the bee is pollinating, the progeny will be genetically distinct if the bee were to transfer the pollen to the female part of the flower from the male part.
Which covenant requires the grantor to execute any necessary legal documents (within his power) necessary to fix title defects discovered after closing?
The covenant of further assurances requires the grantor to execute any necessary legal documents (within his power) necessary to fix title defects discovered after closing.
What Are the Six Covenants of Title?A warranty deed is typically signed by both parties when a seller transfers real estate to a buyer. According to Deed Claim, this document certifies that the seller is the legitimate owner of the property and is selling it free of any liens while transferring the legal title to the buyer. The assurances made by the seller are represented by the six covenants of title. Three covenants are regarded as existing covenants, and as such, they are applicable to the parties to the most recent transfer. The other three are future covenants, and if they are broken, any owner may bring a claim against any prior grantor.
Covenant of Seisin
The seller's rightful ownership of the property is guaranteed by the present covenant of seisin.
No Encumbrances
The seller guarantees that the property is possessed free and clear by making the current covenant against encumbrances.
Right to Convey
According to TheLaw.com, having the right to convey indicates that the seller is legally permitted to transfer the property to the buyer.
Quiet Enjoyment
The future covenant of quiet enjoyment guarantees that a third party's legal claim to title won't affect the buyer's right to possession.
Covenant of Warranty
The warranty covenant and the quiet pleasure covenant are extremely similar.
Further Assurances
This prospective covenant is a guarantee that, should the need ever arise, the grantor will take all reasonable steps to assist the grantee in perfecting the title.
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The ratios aren't matching, how do I find correct ratios?
overall equation is ,
2FeSo4+heat→Fe203+SO2+SO3
What is Decomposition Reaction ?Decomposition reaction is when Reactant break down into simpler parts .
For decomposition reactions require energy input. The decomposition reaction happens in our everday life. The process of digestion food is a type of decomposition ,where breakdown of food from larger to smaller particles and large amount of energy release.
The decomposition is classified into
*thermolysis
*Electrolysis
*photolysis
The overall equation will be
2FeSo4+heat→Fe2O3+SO3+So2
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Unless otherwise instructed, you may use the periodic table in the Chemistry: Problems and Solutions
book for this test.
Which series of atomic numbers represents the ordering of consecutive elements within the periodic table?
O 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
O 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
O 10, 20, 30, 40, ...
O 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
The sequence of atomic numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 denotes the periodic table's ordering of following elements.
What purpose do series serve?Series are significant because they offer a possible point of entry. It's possible for a user to merely be aware of the fact that a publication is part of a specific series or to be searching for all publications in that series without being aware of any of the individual titles. The series could potentially be used as a storage and control system.
A series element is what?There are two ways to recognize elements in a series: The elements are in series if there are two and only two connections between them and a single node. When two elements' currents are determined to be similar by KCL at a node, the elements are in series.
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Compared to a solution with a ph value of 7, a solution with a thousand times greater hydronium ion concentration has a ph value of.
Answer:
pH = 4
Explanation:
pH is a base 10 logarithmic scale
1000 = 10^3
7 -3 = pH = 4
I have a mixture of sand salt and water from the sea. Describe in detail how I separate these three substances and explain why each method works
Answer:
You can separate a mixture of sand, salt and water by decantation and evaporation. Decantation will separate sand from salt and water. Sand remains in the original vessel, whereas salt and water is transfered to new vessel. Evaporation will separate salt from water.
What amino acid is formed using the n-phthalimidomalonic ester synthesis when the following alkyl halides are used in the third step?.
Leucine and methionine are the amino acids formed using the n-phthalimido malonic ester synthesis.
The steps involved in phthalimido malonic ester synthesis:
Step 1: Deprotonation To Give An Enolate
In the first step, a base (CH3O– in this case) removes the most acidic proton from the ester (on C2 here, with a pKa of about 13) to give an enolate. The resulting enolate can be drawn as one of two resonance forms.
Step 2: SN2 Reaction Of The Enolate Nucleophile With An Alkyl Halide Electrophile.
Enolates are great nucleophiles. In the second step, the enolate acts as a nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to form a new C-C bond.
Step 3: Acidic Ester Hydrolysis
Acid and water are added to perform the aqueous hydrolysis of the ester to a carboxylic acid.
Step 4: Decarboxylation To Give An Enol
When carboxylic acids have a carbonyl group (C=O) two bonds away, they can readily lose carbon dioxide, because the carbonyl can act as an electron “sink” for the pair of electrons coming from the breaking C–C bond, forming an enol. This is called “decarboxylation”. Note how this is also the case for carboxylic acids with a ketone two bonds away, so-called “β-keto acids”.
Step 5: Tautomerization Of The Enol Back To The Carboxylic Acid
The enol that is formed is not a stable species. It can undergo transformation into its constitutional isomer: in this case, a carboxylic acid. These two constitutional isomers are in equilibrium with each other, although the “keto” form (with the carbonyl group) is greatly favoured. This process is called "tautomerism".
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Which of the first 20 elements in a Periodic table has atoms with the greatest mass?
What is the correct chemical name for the following structures pictured below?
The IUPAC names of the given compounds are 3-methylpentane, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, 2,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-hexadiene, and 2,2-dimethylpentane respectively.
What are the IUPAC nomenclature rules?Find the longest continuous carbon chain. This chain is called a parent chain.Identify all the substituents attached to the parent chain.Number the carbon atoms from the end which gives the substituents the lowest number.If the substituent occurs more than one then the location of each point is given and the number of times the substituent occurs is indicated by a prefix like di, tri, tetra, and so on.Double bonds are always given preference. Give the double bond as low a number as possible.If there are two chains of equal lengths then choose the chain that hasgreatest numbers of side chainschain whose substituents have the lowest numberhaving least branched side chainsA cyclic (ring) hydrocarbon is represented by the prefix cyclo- which appears in front of the base name.Thus, following the IUPAC nomenclature rules the name of the given compounds are as follows:
3-methylpentane
1,3-butadiene
1,3-dimethylcyclohexane
2,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-hexadiene
and 2,2-dimethylpentane
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What are Catalyst? What is the definition of Catalyst
Answer:
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
a catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of reaction by lowering the activation energy or providing an alternative pathway of a lower activation energy(more likely for enzymes in bio).
it also doesnt take part in the reaction but in chemistry, there are homologous and homogenous catalysts where some may take part in the rxn BUT they are regenerated and are not used up
chem: more particles will have the energy to overcome the activation energy, resulting in a higher frequency of effective collision, so the rate of rxn ↑. (usually catalyst is transition metal)
bio: enzyme-substrate complex, where it is essentially what happens in the chemistry part above but the conclusion is that it takes lesser time for nutrients to be broken down and therefore digested.
Why do you add hydroxide to your hexanediamine solution? what would occur if you did not add it?.
In the polymerization reaction, the lone pair electrons on the NH₂ groups of hexanediamine attack the C=O groups of the dicarboxylic acid in a nucleophilic substitution reaction as shown in the image.
Hydroxide is added to remove any H⁺ ions present and keep the hexanediamine in the deprotonated form, so that the NH₂ lone pair electrons are available for reaction.
What if you don't add it ?If hydroxide is not added, the NH₂ groups will get protonated by H⁺ ions present to give NH₃⁺ groups, which cannot react.
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Project 1 Hypothesis Construction
Write a properly formatted hypothesis statement to answer this question: How does the amount of salt added to ice affect the rate at which the ice will melt?
Specify how you plan to change the independent variable by using terms such as increase or decrease. Also, specify how the dependent variable will change in response by using terms such as increase, decrease, or stays the same.
Criteria pts
Correct placement of IV 5
Correct placement of DV 5
If, then format 5
IV indicates either "increases" or "decreases" 5
DV indicates either "increases", "decreases", or "stays the same" 5
The hypothesis should be; "Increasing the amount of ice increases the rate at which the ice will melt"
What is a hypothesis?The term hypothesis refers to a tentative explanation that could be applied in order to explain an observation. When we give a hypothesis, it must be subjected to rigorous experimentation thus it can be confirmed or repelled by experiment.
Now, we can see that the question here is; "How does the amount of salt added to ice affect the rate at which the ice will melt?" This implies that the correct hypothesis here ought to have to do with the impact of the amount of ice in the affirmative.
Thus, the hypothesis should be; "Increasing the amount of ice increases the rate at which the ice will melt"
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Part 1. determine the molar mass of a 0.314-gram sample of gas having a volume of 1.6 l at 287 k and 0.92 atm. show your work.
part 2. describe the temperature and pressure conditions at which the gas behaves like an ideal gas.
The molar mass of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its number of moles.
However, the number of moles can be calculated using the following formula:
PV = nRT
Where;
P = pressureV = volumeR = gas law constantT = temperaturen = no of moles0.92 × 1.6 = n × 0.0821 × 287
1.47 = 23.56n
n = 1.47/23.56
n = 0.624moles
Molar mass = 0.314g ÷ 0.624mol
Molar mass = 0.503g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of a 0.314-gram sample of gas having a volume of 1.6L at 287K and 0.92 atm is 0.503g/mol.
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This liquid carries red blood cells and white blood cells around the body. It also transports several different substances in solution, including -------- and------- .
Answer:
Water and Salts
Explanation:
Hope it helps u....
What kind of intermolecular forces act between a water molecule and a chloride anion?
The intermolecular forces are present between the molecules and allow their interactions. The ion-dipole force is present between the water and the chloride ion.
What is ion-dipole intermolecular force?Ion-dipole intermolecular forces are present when the molecules have an ion and a neutral molecule that can interlink through an electrostatic attraction. These forces are present in solutions.
The chloride ions have a negative charge, whereas the water molecule has a neutral charge. Water is a polar molecule that has a partial negative and positive charge that can bond with the anion (chloride ion).
Therefore, the water and the chloride ions have ion-dipole intermolecular forces.
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