Biotic components arrive first in primary succession.
What is ecological succession?Ecological succession is the gradual change in the composition of an ecosystem over a particular time.
Ecological succession can either be;
Primary successionSecondary successionPrimary succession occurs when newly formed rock is preoccupied by living organisms called pioneers for the first time.
On the other hand, secondary succession occurs when an area that was previously occupied by living organisms is disturbed and then reoccupied after the disturbance.
This suggests that the first component of an ecosystem to occupy the substrate during primary succession is biotic components like lichen, grasses etc.
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Unrepaired single-stranded dna breaks can lead to double-stranded dna breaks during the next round of replication. Which repair pathway would be most appropriate for repairing double-stranded dna breaks?.
Nonhomologous end joining would be most appropriate for repairing double-stranded DNA breaks.
How are double stranded breaks in DNA repair?Homologous recombination and nonhomologous DNA end joining are the two main mechanisms for mending double-strand DNA breaks, which often occur in eukaryotic cells.DNA ends that need to be repaired have a different chemistry as a result of the many causes of DSBs.The enzymes of the NHEJ pathway display a remarkable level of structural tolerance in the variety of DNA end substrate configurations upon which they may function over the course of NHEJ development.The nuclease, polymerases, and ligases of NHEJ are the most versatile and mechanistically adaptable enzymes in each of their classes in vertebrate cells.To learn more about double-stranded DNA breaks from the given link
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The contribution of b-cells is mainly in:_______
a) humoral immunity.
b) phagocytosis.
c) inflammation.
d) complement activity.
e) cell-mediated immunity
The contribution of b-cells is mainly in Humoral immunity. Thus Option A is correct.
What is immune system?
Two types of immunity such as innate immunity is an inbuilt nonspecific immune system protect us from all antigens.
Secondly, we have one more sophisticated adoptive immune system which is up two types humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity.
The adoptive response majorly done by two types of cells such as B and T cells.
This type of immune response use past experience identify a specific foreign threats and counteract them when these threats reappear.
The humoral immune system is activated by external macromolecules antibodies, antimicrobial peptides etc. and protect the extracellular spaces of body.
Hence, Option A is correct.
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What is a water backflow to the ocean from the beach usually ocurring perpendicular to the shoreline?
Rip current is a water backflow to the ocean from the beach usually occurring perpendicular to the shoreline.
What is Rip current?This type of current is commonly present in areas such as beach and usually has breaking wave.
it is also referred to a water backflow to the ocean from the beach usually occurring perpendicular to the shoreline and are usually powerful and move at a fast pace thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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The carrier molecule which transports fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane is.
The carrier molecule which transports fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane is -- Carnitine
What is Carnitine ?
A small molecule, carnitine, serves as a carrier across the mitochondrial membrane. This pathway requires no chemical energy supply; rather, the fact that the fatty acid in the mitochondrial matrix is being broken down by oxidation drives the process.
How are fatty acids transported into the cell?
Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the cell membrane has long been thought to occur by passive diffusion. However, in recent years there has been a fundamental shift in understanding, and it is now generally recognized that fatty acids cross the cell membrane via a protein-mediated mechanism.
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What are the challenges the characters face in overcoming problems in diversity?
There are several challenges that can arise with diversity such as communication issues , too many opinions, hostility ,diversity implementation challenges,retain bad talent, etc.
Diversity that take the human resources world by storm, many life science organisations are recognition the benefits o diverse places.There are also advantages of this diversity like increase productivity, better problem solving, financial growth.
Communication issues that created by diversity is stemming form the failure of different groups to understand one another. It is also increased tension and conflict between different groups. The most challenging aspect of diverse environment is accepting and embracing difference. These barriers are need to be overcome for diversity programs to succeed.
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Jill takes her children to play in the park every afternoon. she notices that since the city changed their landscaping service, the pond in the center of the park is now covered with algae. what is the most probable cause?
Excessive application of fertilizer
The reason for the pond in the center of the park to now be covered with algae is the excessive application of fertilizer.
A plant can really die from too much fertilizer, and excess fertilizer can cause toxic algal blooms in lakes and streams that are dangerous to people and their pets as well as other aquatic life. Aquatic "dead zones" are also a result of excessive fertilizer runoff from agricultural and lawn applications in coastal areas.What consequences might excessive fertilizer use have?By increasing the soil's salt concentration, excessive fertilizer changes the soil and might harm beneficial soil microbes. Over-fertilization can result in abrupt plant growth with insufficient roots to provide the plant with enough water and nutrients.Can plants bounce back after excessive fertilizing?A few straightforward procedures can save the majority of over fertilized plants. Remove any fertilizer that is readily visible from the soil and plant, and let water pass through the roots to leach the fertilizer away. After that, take out any damaged foliage and give your plant another meal after about a month.
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Which of these animals is a tetrapod that does not produce amniotic eggs?
a. monkey
b. salamander
c. elephant
d. python
e. human
Answer:
A salamander
Name the three types of muscle tissue. What is the difference between the three of them?
Answer:Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle –
Explanation:
Skeletal muscle – the specialised tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement.
Smooth muscle – located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus and blood vessels such as arteries.
Cardiac muscle – the muscle specific to the heart.
The lateral ends of the clavicles articulate with the ________________ ________________ of the scapulae
The lateral ends of the clavicle articulates with the acromion,of the scapulae
The sternoclavicular joint is formed when the clavicle articulates with the manubrial portion of the sternum (SC joint). An intra-articular disc is located in this joint, which is encased in a fibrous capsule and located between the clavicle and the sternum.
At one end, the clavicle joins the sternum (chest bone), while at the other, it joins the acromion of the scapula. The roof of the shoulder is formed by the articulation between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula. The scapula is a crucial bone since it serves as a point of attachment for a number of the arm and shoulder muscles.
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Saturated fatty acids are different to unsaturated fatty acids because they?
Saturated fatty acids are different to unsaturated fatty acids because they have no C=C double bonds.
What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?Saturated fatty acids do not have C=C double bonds, while in unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one C=C double bond in the fatty acid chain.Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature and are derived from animal sources, whereas unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature and are from plant sources.One must reduce the amount of saturated fat in their diet and consume more unsaturated fats like olives, seeds and nuts.Unsaturated fats can be monounsaturated (contains only C=C double bond) or polyunsaturated (contains two or more C=C double bonds).Learn more about fats here:
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How can
pollutants from
humans placed
on the surface
of the earth
impact
groundwater?
A. They can evaporate
then fall back to the
earth later.
B. Human pollution
cannot impact
groundwater.
C. They can percolate
vertically downward
through soil,
eventually reaching
groundwater.
The pollutants from humans placed on the surface of the earth impact groundwater, They can percolate vertically downward through soil, eventually reaching groundwater.
How does groundwater pollution happen?Groundwater located near irregular landfills can be contaminated with fluids. When infiltrating the soil, these fluids reach the groundwater, contaminating them with bacteria.
in this case, is possible to say that They can percolate vertically downward through soil, eventually reaching groundwater.
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write the type of interrelation that exists between sea sponges and corals?
Answer: sponges are the cleaners of the water around the corals , coral feeders , and healers in a sens
Explanation:
________ deafness results from conditions in the outer or middle ear that block the transfer of vibrations from the environment to the tympanic membrane or to the oval window.
Answer:
Conductive deafness
conductive deafness results from conditions in the outer or middle ear that block the transfer of vibrations from the environment to the tympanic membrane or to the oval window.
What are the components of external and middle part of ear ?It is the most sensitive organ can detect, transmit and transduce sound energy and Maintain the balance, sense of the body.
External part of the Ear consist of two parts such as Auricle or Pinna which have elastic cartilage and funnel like curves that helps to collect sound waves, transmits them to the middle ear.
Middle Ear have Tympanic Cavity which is an air-filled cavity separated from the external ear and it also consist of an eustachian tube, an auditory tube; Tympanic Membrane which separates the middle ear from the external ear and receives, amplifies the sound waves.
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_____ deafness results from conditions in the outer or middle ear that block the transfer of vibrations from the environment to the tympanic membrane or to the oval window.
A) Sensory
B) Nerve
C) Conductive
D) Mechanical
E) Macular
When will there be 2,560 bacteria in the dish?
a) 40 minutes
b) 1 hour 20 minutes
c) 2 hours 40 minutes
d) 3 hours
Calculation :
It is given that in the start there are 5 bacteria and it keeps doubling after every 20 minutes we have to find the number of bacteria after 4 hours
4 hours = 240 minutes
⇒ Number of times the bacteria have doubled = 240÷20 = 12 times
It means the bacteria have doubled by 12 times
⇒Total bacteria = 5×2¹²= 20480
The time when there will be 2560 bacteria
⇒ the bacteria had doubled 9 times to reach the mark of 2560
so total time = 9 ×20= 180 minutes = 3 hours
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: There are 5 bacteria in a Petri dish at the start of the experiment. This type of bacteria doubles every 20 minutes
Find the number of bacteria after 4 hours When will there be 2560 bacteria in the dish?The parts of the subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the ______ while the subunits are assembled into ribosomes in the ______
The parts of the subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus while the subunits are assembled into ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
What is ribosome ?In eukaryotes, ribosomes are located in cytoplasmic organelles, other type of ribosomes present in cell are chloroplast and mitochondrial ribosomes.
Ribosome have a sedimentation coefficient such as 80 S is composed of 40 S and 60 S subunits.
In prokaryotic cells, it is 70 S type consist up 30 S and 50 S subunits.
In both prokaryote and eukaryotes majority of ribosome is composed up proteins that and the remaining part is ribonucleic acid.
Hence nucleolus and cytoplasm are correct answers.
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Testing positive for the epstein-barr virus would most likely indicate a diagnosis of _____.
Testing positive for the Epstein-Barr virus would most likely indicate a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.
Why is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) test done?The Epstein-Barr virus is a disease-causing agent that also causes infectious mononucleosis. It is mainly transmitted through saliva when people kiss, share food, or use the same utensils. Many people get EBV infection as children and show no symptoms. Most often affecting adults and teenagers, mononucleosis.
For the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, an EBV antibody test is typically not required. If you don't have a normal mononucleosis case or if your doctor suspects you may have another sickness brought on by EBV infection, you might need a test.
If you have mononucleosis symptoms but a negative test, or if you're pregnant and experiencing flu-like symptoms, you might also need to be checked. You could require a test if you have been exposed to someone who has mononucleosis but don't now exhibit any symptoms. Your doctor might need to run a test to see how well your immune system is functioning.
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Which factor can confound neuroprognostication during the post-cardiac arrest phase?
Targeted temperature management factor can confound neuroprognostication during the post-cardiac arrest phase.
What is post cardiac arrest?After a patient has been revived from a cardiac arrest, they may experience post-cardiac arrest syndrome, an inflammatory condition of pathophysiology. The body goes through a special kind of global ischemia during cardiac arrest.Global brain damage, myocardial failure, macrocirculatory dysfunction, increased susceptibility to infection, and persisting precipitating pathology are all symptoms of the clinical condition known as post-cardiac arrest syndrome.These effects, which include movement issues, memory loss or impairment, speech difficulties, weakness or immobility, and cognitive impairments including problems with attention, focus, and visual-motor skills, may be permanent or they may get better with time.Care after a cardiac arrest requires a variety of management techniques. To diagnose and treat coronary artery obstructive disease, early invasive coronary angiography should be taken into consideration. The primary shock treatment involves vasopressors like norepinephrine and dobutamine.Learn more about cardiac arrest here:
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As soon as alcohol and other toxins are absorbed into the body, the _____ begins eliminating them as alcohol cannot be stored in tissue.
As soon as alcohol and other toxins are absorbed into the body, the liver begins eliminating them as alcohol cannot be stored in tissue.
What is detoxification by the liver?Detoxification by the liver is one of the major functions of the lover that involves the removal of toxins from the body sinusoid channels of the liver.
The liver helps to detoxify used drugs and alcohol which are not stored in the body.
The liver begins eliminating alcohol from the body through the action of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase which breaks alcohol into ketones.
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Which tissue layer deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator?
Hypodermis deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator
The connective tissue that joins the dermis to underlying structures is the hypodermis, which is deep to the dermis of the skin. The hypodermis also contains adipose tissue for fat storage and defence.
The hypodermis performs similar protective roles to the skin: it binds the skin to the underlying structures so that the skin can move virtually freely over them; it stores fat to help minimise heat loss; and it serves as a shock absorber. This characteristic makes sure that blows only hurt the surface tissues of the body.
Therefore, Hypodermis deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator
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In an isolated population of 1000 individuals, 444 are genotype mn, 478 are mm, and 78 are nn. What are the frequencies of the m and n alleles in this population?.
f(M) = 0.7, f(N) = 0.3 are the frequencies of the m and n alleles in this population.
What is the relative fitness of genotype BB What is the relative fitness of genotype BB?
A relative fitness of 1.0 can occur for more than one genotype. B.The relative fitness of genotype BB in a population of chickens used as a sample is 1.0.The selection coefficients for genotype Bb and genotype Bb are respectively 0.3 and 0.4.Which of the following processes tends to increase genetic variation in a population?
Genetic diversity is typically increased by mutations while being decreased by the other three mechanisms.Migration tends to homogenize genetic variation, reducing the genetic diversity between populations, whereas natural selection and genetic drift tend to increase it.Where are alleles?
Alleles are matching genes; one from our biological mother, one from our biological father.We have two copies of every gene (strings of code that drive some biological function on our chromosomes).They can be identical, but they can often have slight differences.Learn more about alleles
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Determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the absorption data of
black walnut trees and maple trees
Yes, there is a statistically significant difference between the absorption data of black walnut trees and maple trees due to difference in values of absorption.
Determine if there is a statistically significant difference?Yes, there is a statistically significant difference between the absorption data of black walnut trees and maple trees because the average carbondioxide absorption of black walnut is 7.26 while on other hand, the average carbondioxide absorption of maple tree is 5.82. We can see there is big difference of absorption data between black walnut trees and maple trees.
So we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the absorption data of black walnut trees and maple trees due to difference in values of absorption.
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The type of growth that a population may show when food and habitat are limitless is called?
A type of growth that a population may show when food and habitat are limitless is exponential population growth.
What is exponential population growth?The case in which resources are limitless a population can experience exponential population growth where the size increases at a greater rate.
Exponential growth occurs when there is large quantity of resources are present and few individuals are there to utilize it
When number of individuals increases the resources will depleted and growth rate will slow down.
Therefore, exponential population growth is the type of growth in which resources are plenty in comparison of population.
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How do the integumentary, immune, lymph, and endocrine systems protect you? How are they different from the way your nervous, skeletal, and muscle systems protect you?
The integumentary, immune lymph and endocrine system protects us from infectious microorganisms which is different from the the way your nervous, skeletal, and muscle systems does.
What are the protective systems of the body?The protective systems of the body are those body system that helps protect the body against disease causing microorganisms. They include the following:
Nervous: This system helps establish a network of communication between the various cells of the body.Skeletal: This system provides support through the bones for movement.Muscle systems: This system protects the vital organs of the body by absorbing shock and reducing friction in the joints.There are other systems the protects the body which include:
The integumentary system: This serves as a protective layer for the whole body.Immune system: This is made up of immune cells that help fight foreign bodies.Lymph: This is contains lymphocytes that fights disease causing microorganisms.Endocrine system: this contains hormones that control almost all body process.Learn more about immune system here:
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Answer:
In contrast to your nervous, skeletal, and muscle systems, which protect you from infectious microorganisms, your integumentary, immune, lymphatic, and endocrine systems do so.
The genus _______ is an extremely important member of the apicomplexan group because several of its species are the causative agents of malaria.
The genus plasmodium is an extremely important member of the apicomplexan group because several of its species are the causative agents of malaria.
Plasmodium is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of Plasmodium species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle.
The life cycle of Plasmodium involves several distinct stages in the insect and vertebrate hosts. Parasites are generally introduced into a vertebrate host by the bite of an insect host (generally a mosquito, with the exception of some Plasmodium species of reptiles). Parasites first infect the liver or other tissue, where they undergo a single large round of replication before exiting the host cell to infect erythrocytes.
At this point, some species of Plasmodium of primates can form a long-lived dormant stage called a hypnozoite. It can remain in the liver for more than a year. However, for most Plasmodium species, the parasites in infected liver cells are only what are called merozoites. After emerging from the liver, they enter red blood cells. They then go through continuous cycles of erythrocyte infection, while a small percentage of parasites differentiate into a sexual stage called a gametocyte which is picked up by an insect host taking a blood meal.
In some hosts, invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium species can result in disease, called malaria. This can sometimes be severe, rapidly followed by death of the host (e.g. P. falciparum in humans). In other hosts, Plasmodium infection can apparently be asymptomatic.
Even when humans have such subclinical plasmodial infections, there can nevertheless be very large numbers of multiplying parasites concealed in, particularly, the spleen and bone marrow. These hidden parasites (in addition to hypnozoites) are thought to be the origin of instances of recurrent P. vivax malaria.
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If a hypothesis is supported consistently by different observations or experiments, it may be advanced to the level of a(n)____________.
If a hypothesis is supported consistently by different observations or experiments, it may be advanced to the level of a(n) theory.
Between 1994 and 1997, 70 Addax were released into fenced sections of protected areas in Tunisia and Morocco. By
2003, their numbers had increased to about 200. This is an example of
OA. Ex situ conservation
OB. Coppicing
OC. Habitat management
D. In situ conservation
It is an example of Ex situ conservation. The correct option is A.
What is ex-situ conservation?It is a method of conserving biodiversities outside their natural habitats.
Ex situ conservation is in direct contrast to in situ conservation. This means that in in-situ conservation, biodiversities are conserved in their natural habitats.
In the illustration, the Addax were released into fenced sections of protected areas in two countries.
The fenced section means that the Addax were not allowed to roam freely as they would in their natural habitats. The fenced section means that their movement is limited as compared to natural habitats.
Thus, the Addax were being conserved ex-situ.
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Moderate amounts of alcohol _____. improve the body’s utilization of insulin and blood glucose
Moderate amounts of alcohol improve the body’s utilization of insulin and blood glucose. is true
Frequent heavy drinkers can deplete their energy reserves in a matter of hours. Overindulging in alcohol over time can lessen insulin's overall efficiency. As a result, blood sugar levels are elevated. However, many persons with alcoholic liver disease also have diabetes or glucose intolerance.A lower risk of type 2 diabetes is associated with moderate alcohol usage, as opposed to abstinence and heavy drinking. Despite the fact that both males and women's risks are decreased with moderate alcohol use, the associations between the two may be different. Alcohol intake and type 2 diabetes may be linked, and this connection may be explained by adiponectin's actions, enhanced insulin sensitivity, or anti-inflammatory properties.learn more about alcohol here: https://brainly.com/question/947751
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Which structure is highlighted?
a) mesometrium suspensory
b) ligament mesosalpinx
c) round ligament
d) broad ligament
Using the image attached that pertains to the question. The highlighted structure is known to be option d) broad ligament.
What is a broad ligament?The term broad ligament is known to be an aspect or a layer of tissue that is said to function as it links the sides of the uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis.
Note that The broad ligament is known to be one that is said to covers the uterus, ovaries, and also the fallopian tubes and it is one that is made up of the nerves and also some blood vessels.
The broad ligament is made up of also the visceral and parietal peritoneum that is said to contain both smooth muscle and connective tissue.
Hence, Using the image attached that pertains to the question. The highlighted structure is known to be option d) broad ligament.
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please help me! Quick!
Answer:
b, i think
During mitosis, the nucleus of a eukaryote cell splits into two. The parent cell goes through other stages of division before forming two genetically identical daughter cells, which are also able to duplicate. There are five stages in the process of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
Answer:
D. Formation of two diploid daughter cells
Explanation:
Meiosis forms 4 haploid daughter cells, not 2 diploid. It's mitosis that creates 2 diploid. Crossing over, formation of 2 haploid nuclei, and pairing of homologous chromosomes all occur.
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Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of overfeeding. why is refeeding syndrome so dangerous?
It might cause harmful changes in the serum phosphorus and other electrolytes. So, Refeeding syndrome so dangerous.
What is serum phosphorus?The serum phosphorus test quantifies the phosphate levels in the blood. A vein, typically on the back of the hand or the inside of the elbow, is used to draw blood.When hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid gland does not produce enough parathyroid hormone. Body contains too much vitamin D. A diet that is too high in phosphorus.Although the terms "phosphorus" and "phosphate" are sometimes used interchangeably when discussing tests.A serum phosphorus/phosphate test actually measures the amount of inorganic phosphate in the blood. Phosphates are essential for the synthesis of energy, the health of muscles and nerves, and the development of bones.Although serum inorganic phosphate only represents a very small portion of the body's total phosphorus, it is easily quantifiable and provides information on the body's phosphorus reserves.Phosphate is mostly found in the body in an organic form as a compound with lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.Learn more about serum phosphorus here:
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