b. origin of prokaryotic cells
a. evolution of eukaryotic cells
c. evolution of multicellular organisms
d. plants and fungi colonize land
Prokaryotes are primitive cells without nuclei that were the first to evolve. Their DNA is round. Circular DNA is found in the mitochondrion and chlorophyll of eukaryotes as well, which shows that prokaryotes evolved first.According to fossil evidence, eukaryotes diverged from prokaryotes between 1.5 and 2 billion years ago. Studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are assumed to have evolved from bacteria residing in big cells, are particularly helpful in supporting the idea that eukaryotic cells originated from an endosymbiotic association of prokaryotes.Eukaryotic cells' evolution is explained by the endosymbiotic hypothesis. Both the large and small cells profited from their symbiotic interaction. Some of the small cells were able to use the energy from the waste products of the large cells. They provided energy for more than just themselves.learn more about prokaryotic here: https://brainly.com/question/5716507
#SPJ4
Both adult and embryonic stem cells have the potential to be used for medical treatment. Evaluate the potential use of adult and embryonic stem cells as medical treatments. You must include a justified conclusion
Stem cells are the body's raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.Research carried out with the use of these cells has demonstrated their effectiveness in the treatment of various diseases, such as leukemia, heart disease and hematological diseases. Embryonic stem cells, in turn, have the ability to form any tissue in the body.
How are embryonic stem cells used?Stem cells have the ability to differentiate and self-renew. For this reason, they can be used in the treatment of degenerative diseases. Stem cells stand out for their ability to transform into different cell types, that is, they are cells with a great capacity for differentiation.
What diseases could be treated with the use of Embryonic Stem Cells?Diseases that can be treated with stem cellsleukemias. Leukemia is a generic term used to describe the “cancer” of leukocytes, the white blood cells. Thalassemias. Neuroblastoma.Primary immunodeficiencies.Sideroblastic anemia. Metabolic diseases. Sickle cell anemia.With this information, we can conclude that Scientists are also working on ways to develop stem cells from other cells, using genetic “reprogramming” techniques.
Learn more about stem cells in brainly.com/question/25584485
#SPJ1
Can someone help me summarize these advantages?
Question: What are some advantages of gene technology over long term plant breeding.
Answer: Modern GM methods are simply more precise, scientists stress. Whereas traditional plant breeding involves thousands of shared genes every time two plants are crossed, GM technology allows, if desired, for the exchange of a single gene between plants. GM procedures are also much faster. In months or years, molecular scientists can accomplish the same degree of alteration that might have taken Nature millions of years to achieve.
What is the relationship of osmotic pressure to the number of solute particles in a solution?
The osmotic pressure of a solution is proportional to the molar concentration of the solute particles in solution.
If increase solute concentration, then osmotic pressure increases. If decrease the solute concentration, then osmotic pressure decreases. Osmotic pressure is directly related to the concentration of the solutes. Osmotic pressure is a 'colligative' property, which means that it depends on the number of particles in solution but not on their chemical identity.
Osmotic pressure is closely related to some other properties of solutions. These include the freezing point depression, the boiling point elevation, and the vapor pressure depression, all caused by dissolving solutes in a solution.
To learn more about Osmotic pressure , here
https://brainly.com/question/12497098
#SPJ4
you are leading an effort to reduce the formation of a dead zone in the gulf of mexico during the summer. You are tasked with selecting which company should be hired to help treat water runoff in the area. you provide both companies with identical samples of the water to be treated. the table below shows the results. to which company do you award the contract and why
A) I would chose company 1 because they decreased metals the least, and metal kill microbes
B) I would choose company 1 because they reduced nitrate and phosphate fertilizers the most and these fertilizers contribute to the dead zone formation
C) I would chose company 2 because they decreased the nitrate and phosphate fertilizer the least and these are important for plant growth and algae growth
D) I would choose company 2 because they reduced metals the most and metals are the most harmful contamination of the listed
Answer:
B) I would choose company 1 because they reduce nitrate and phosphate fertilizers the most.
Explanation:
Dead zones begin to form when excess nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen enter coastal waters and help the growth of an organism called cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae. With too much nutrients the algae takes up most of the oxygen in the water, leaving other organisms with less oxygen, killing them. Fertilizers would be the main reason for a dead zone to form. Therefore, Company 1 would be the most suitable as they reduced the concentration of fertilizers in the water the most.
Infections with legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers. group of answer choices true false
It is absolutely true that infections with legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers.
What are infectious organisms?These are organisms which causes diseases to plants and animals.
Infectious organisms are also called pathogens or pathogenic organisms
Some groups of infectious organisms are as follows:
Bacteria: A single celled organisms with cell walls but no nucleus or organelles.Fungi: An eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.Virus: A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism.So therefore, it is absolutely true that infections with legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers.
Learn more about pathogens or infectious organisms:
https://brainly.com/question/14162086
#SPJ1
Please list intervening events that occur within the organism during the learning experience:_________
Our minds have natural tend-any to connect events that happens around us. Learning like reflexes and instincts which allows an organism to adapt to its environment.
Instincts and reflex are learned behaviors involve change and experience. learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that result from experience. Organisms responding is influenced by the observation of others who called models. The ability to learn is a process in which humans animals and some machines , there is evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.
In classical conditioning which can also called Pavlovian conditioning that organism learn to associated events which repeatedly happen together.This experience throughout our daily life. Learning is aquairing new understanding , behavior, skills, values, attitudes, etc.
To learn more about classical conditioning here
https://brainly.com/question/12691454
#SPJ4
Underdominance tends to _____________ the number of heterozygotes over many generations
Underdominance tends to lower the number of heterozygotes over many generations.
Heterozygous having a disadvantage in reproductive success is called underdominance. This condition is also called negative overdominance.
Underdominance cannot preserve genetic variation, and one of the alleles will either be lost or spread to fixation depending on its initial frequency.
In evolution, the selection favoring heterozygotes is called overdominance while the selection favoring homozygotes is called underdominance.
An example of underdominance can be seen in an African butterfly species (Pseudacraea eurytus) which utilizes batesian mimicry to escape predation. They have two alleles to confer the appearance of local butterflies that are toxic to predators.
The butterfly with heterozygous allele shows an intermediate appearance and thus experiences increased predation than the butterfly with homozygous alleles.
Learn more about Dominance on
https://brainly.com/question/26292537
#SPJ1
An area of the body that provides afferent, sensory information to the cns and receives efferent , motor information from the cns is called a:________
An area of the body that provides afferent, sensory information to the cns and receives efferent , motor information from the CNS is called a: The Somatic Nervous System.
There are two main categories of neurons in this system: movable neurons Motor neurons, also known as efferent neurons, transmit information from the brain and spinal cord to muscle fibers all over the body. The somatic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system that is involved in the voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement. The cranial nerves, which transmit information from the brain to the head and neck region, are an illustration of the somatic nervous system. In this area, conscious motor functions are under the control of the somatic nervous system. There are two components to the somatic nervous system: Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that send motor orders into the spinal cord and sensory data into them. The nerve cells that make up the cranial nerves.learn more about somatic nervous system here: https://brainly.com/question/12844785
#SPJ4
Root hairs, which absorb the water and minerals in the majority of plants, are the extensions of root.
Root cells extend into epidermal cells. In most plants, they take up the water and minerals.
What are epidermal cells and what do they do?The waxy cuticle of the epidermis acts as a barrier against infection, water loss, and mechanical harm. Different altered epidermal cells control transpiration, boost water absorption, and produce chemicals.
What makes epidermal cells unique?The epidermis of plants is made up of a variety of cell types called epidermal cells. Although they perform a range of crucial tasks, their main purpose is to guard against various harmful elements (environmental stressors), such as microorganisms, chemicals, UV light, and others.
Do epidermal cells have specific roles?Subsidiary or auxiliary cells are specialized epidermal cells that surround the guard cells.
learn more about epidermal cells here
https://brainly.com/question/14930007
#SPJ4
Question 3 of 20 how did the independence movements of vietnam and algeria compare after the end of world war il? o a. both movements failed to end colonialism, but produced important democratic reforms: o b. both movements launched nationalist wars that extended over several years. o c. both movements began with the assassination of a high-profile leader. o d. both movements were supported by french leaders hoping to slow the spread of communism.
The answer to the question how did the independence movements of Vietnam and Algeria compared after the end of world war II is that both movements launched nationalist wars that extended over several years.
What was the reason of the II world war?The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, the Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts, the emergence of fascism in Europe, and rising European tensions since World War I were all major elements that contributed to the outbreak of World War II, the exact cause yet being unclear to all.
When did world war II begin?The prevailing consensus is that World War II started on September 1, 1939.
To learn more about World War II with the help of given link:
https://brainly.com/question/11378857
#SPJ4
Kylee has a rare neurological problem in which some of her neurons are dying and others cannot organize information from various neurons. this disease may be affecting the _____ of kylee's neurons
Kylee has a rare neurological problem in which some of her neurons are dying and others cannot organize information from various neurons. this disease may be affecting the cell body of Kylee's neurons.
The cell body, also referred to as a soma, is the central portion of a neuron. The cell body preserves the structural integrity of the neuron, houses the genetic material, and supplies energy to power operations. Like other cell bodies, a neuron's cell body contains a nucleus and specialized organelles. A damaged neuron can prevent impulses from reaching and leaving the brain, impairing muscle function or producing numbness in the area that was harmed. Peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain can all be affected by nerve injury.The creation of neurotransmitters, which is the most crucial step in the chemical processing of the neuron, is supported by the cell body.Hence when cell body of neurons is affected by a disease, neurons begin to die and get unorganized due to lack of neurotransmitters.learn more about Cell body here: https://brainly.com/question/13920046
#SPJ4
differentiate between natural resources and water resources
There are a whole of three natural sources of water. They are categorized as rain water, underground water and surface water. Here is a look at each and what provides these sources. Rain water contains other references such as snow and additional types of precipitation.
Water is one of the natural resources, which are found in an adequate amount. It is an important source for the existence of life on the planet earth. It is widely used for various purposes such as drinking, washing, bathing, cleaning, cooking, irrigation, and other industrial and domestic uses.
Which is the enormous water resource on Earth?Oceans, which are the biggest source of surface water, comprise approximately 97 percent of the Earth's surface water.
To learn more about natural sources, refer
https://brainly.com/question/24623157
#SPJ9
According to the bell-magendie law, ______________________ exit from the ventral horns of the spinal cord, and sensory information enters the __________________________
According to the bell magendie law, " the ventral spinal roots transmit motor impulses and the posterior roots sensory impulses,which establish a major landmark in the history of neuroscience."
The nature and physiology of the phenomena were described independently by sir charles bell , he is British anatomical scientist and french physiologist francois magendie after that Johannes peter muller confirmed it.
The ventral roots preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the atomic nervous system exit the spiral cord with ventral roots T1 through L2. It consist predominately of efferent somatic motor fibers. There are also 31 pairs of spinal nerves and roots. Eight pairs of cervical nerves exit the cervical cord at each vertebral level.
To learn more about the Johannes peter muller here
https://brainly.com/question/16010930
#SPJ4
what is a polar molecule? Why is water considered polar?
Answer:
A polar molecule is usually formed when the one end of the molecule is said to possess more positive charges and whereas the opposite end of the molecule has negative charges, creating an electrical pole.
Water is polar because of the bent shape of the molecule. The unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms and the unsymmetrical shape of the molecule means that a water molecule has two poles - a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side).
____ is a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight without detectable disease of the eye
Amblyopia, optic neuritis is a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight without detectable disease of the eye.
Partial blindness means you have very limited vision. Complete blindness means you cannot see anything and do not see light. Decreased vision in one or both eyes without detectable anatomic damage in the eye or your vision.
Temporary vision loss (total or partial) can also be the result of migraine headaches, sickle cell anemia, also referred to as sickle cell disease (inherited blood condition) acute angle-closure glaucoma (sudden rise in eye pressure).Types of vision loss include central vision loss or difficulty seeing things in the center of vision. Peripheral vision loss, or difficulty seeing things out of the corner of the eyes.
To learn more about vision loss , here
https://brainly.com/question/27042901
#SPJ4
A porcupine has an internal skeleton and a rose has a stem. Write a sentence to explain how these physical structures have different functions.
Answer:
The sentence that explained the physical structures have different functions is like it generated the new living tissue and fluid transportation.
Usage of an internal skeleton?
Since A porcupine has an internal skeleton and a rose has a stem.
So here the internal skeleton should be used for helping out an organism for holding the body up and kept from falling.
On the other hand, the stem should stored the nutrients and generated the new living tissue and fluid transportation.
The Internal skeleton of the porcupine gives shape and structure to the porcupine.
The stem of the rose plant provides support to the plant and serves to transport nutrient and water in the plant.
What a skeleton?A skeleton is a rigid structure found in living organisms which provide structure and shape to the living organism.
Skeletons are found in animals.
Skeletons present in animals are of two types:
Internal skeletons also known as endoskeletonsexternal skeletons also known as endoskeletonsThe Internal skeleton of the porcupine gives shape and structure to the porcupine. It also serves as a point of attachment to muscles in order to enable movement.
Stems are present in plants.
Stems serve various purposes in plants such as:
transport of nutrients and water storage of food and waterprovides support and structure to the plant.Thus, the stem of the rose plant provides support to the plant and serves to transport nutrient and water in the plant.
In conclusion, the internal skeleton of animals and the stem of plants both provide shape and structure to the respective organisms.
Leran more about internal skeleton and plant stem at: https://brainly.com/question/840794
https://brainly.com/question/11171631
#SPJ1
Calculate the mass of water produced by the metabolism of 76.0 g of glucose (c6h12o6). c6h12o6 6o2 → 6co2 6h2o
Calculate the mass of water produced by the metabolism of 76.0 g of glucose (c6h12o6). c6h12o6 6o2 → 6co2 6h2o 45.6g
Procedure:Listed below is the data we will use:
the mass of water, m w (g).
The problem statement's equation states that 1 mole of glucose totally interacts with 6 moles of water. Additionally, we are aware that 1 mole of water weighs 18.0 grams and 1 mole of glucose weighs 180 grams.
A process is considered to be chemical when the end results differ from the initial quantities in nature. For instance, respiration and the process through which glucose is naturally produced (photosynthesis) (metabolism).
To learn more about mass of water metabolism from the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/1786981
#SPJ4
The _____ is a rhythmic contraction and recoil of the arteries that results from the contraction of the heart and can be felt from the surface of the body.
The pulse is a rhythmic contraction and recoil of the arteries that results from heart contractions and can be felt from outside the heart.
What is a pulse?A pulse is the dilation of an artery at regular intervals caused due to the beating (contraction and relaxation) of the muscles of the heart.To feel a pulse, apply firm fingertip pressure to the skin at areas where the arteries travel near the skin's surface.The pulse is more clearly experienced when surrounding muscles are in a relaxed state.The measurement of pulse gives a measure of heart rate that is the number of times heart beats per minute.Learn more about pulse here:
https://brainly.com/question/11245663
#SPJ4
What hormone causes the endometrial glands to fill with glycogen and endometrial blood vessels to become more numerous?
What hormone causes the endometrial glands to fill with glycogen and endometrial blood vessels to become more numerous? Progesterone
What is endometrial glands?Endometrial glands, also known as uterine glands, are tubular glands that are present in the functional layer of the endometrium that borders the uterus. They are lined with ciliated columnar epithelium. Throughout the menstrual cycle, their appearance changes. Because of the ovaries' release of estrogen during the proliferative period, the uterine glands seem to be lengthy. The uterine glands produce a glycogen-rich secretion and become very coiled throughout the secretory phase. As a result of increased progesterone release from the corpus luteum, this alteration is correlated with an increase in blood flow to spiral arteries. Progesterone release declines during the premenstrual phase as the corpus luteum deteriorates, which lowers blood supply to the spiral arteries. During the process of menopause, the uterus' functional layer—which houses the glands—becomes necrotic and eventually sloughs off.
To learn more about endometrial glands from the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/10245244
#SPJ4
In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ________.
Production of energy
Other than fat and carbohydrate, one of the dietary macromolecules we acquire from our diet is protein. The small intestine totally breaks down proteins into amino acids after they have first been partially digested in the stomach.
What is a Balanced diet ?A balanced diet is one that includes a variety of foods in the right amounts and ratios to meet the body's needs for calories, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients. A small portion of the diet is also set aside for extra nutrients to last through the brief period of leanness.
The small intestine absorbs amino acids, which are then transported to the bloodstream and taken up by body cells for usage in a variety of cellular and physiological activities.Learn more about Balanced diet here:
https://brainly.com/question/6107849
#SPJ4
Taylor munandi's obstetrician advised her not to change her cat's litter box because handling animal feces places her at risk of which condition?
Taylor Munandi's obstetrician advised her not to change her cat's litter box because handling animal feces puts her at risk of developing toxoplasmosis, which is caused by a microscopic parasite called Toxoplasma gondii and transmitted through cat feces.
What can toxoplasmosis cause in the baby?Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite that lives and multiplies in cats. The fetus can be born prematurely, and a newborn can have problems such as a small head or an enlarged liver. Blood and other fluid tests may be done to detect the infection in the fetus, newborn, or mother.
Can someone who has toxoplasmosis in pregnancy have a normal delivery?It is not transmitted in childbirth, but in utero. The transmission of toxoplasmosis from mother to child takes place via the placenta and does not depend on the type of delivery chosen. Talk to her obstetrician to closely monitor this pregnancy.
With this information, we can conclude that Toxoplasmosis, popularly known as cat disease, is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), found in cat feces, water or undercooked meat such as pork or lamb, contaminated with the parasite.
Learn more about Toxoplasmosis in brainly.com/question/15406642
#SPJ1
Which molecule is produced during translation
Answer:c
protein
Explanation:
Given the parents aabbcc × aabbcc, assume simple dominance for each trait and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent?.
Every individual of the progeny is expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent.
What is a phenotype?
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.What is Law of dominance?
Mendel proposed that in a pair of dissimilar factors, one dominates the other and hence is called the dominant factor while the other factor is recessive.What is law of independent assortment?
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that, "the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, Though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors. A homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes each having one allele with equal proportion.To learn more about Law of dominance: https://brainly.com/question/2931799
#SPJ4
What molecule carries the message from the axon across the synaptic cleft to the muscle?
Answer:
Neurotransmitter molecules
Explanation:
(SEE BELOW FOR FULL EXPLANATION ON WHAT NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE AND WHAT THEY DO)
Chemicals known as neurotransmitters are created by neurons and transferred across the synaptic gap (the empty space between neurons). These chemicals then connect with certain receptors on the surface of the second neuron, causing it to transmit the signal to the third neuron or to have other specific consequences. Keep in mind that synapses are not always between two neurons. They might be situated between a neuron and a gland or a neuron and a muscle.
When molecules have completed their task, they separate from the receptor and are typically metabolized by enzymes. The remainder is then taken up by the first neuron, where it is later utilized to produce new transmitters.
Different neurons generate various neurotransmitters (or other cells). It's noteworthy to note that numerous receptor types with various functions may often be activated by a single kind of neurotransmitter. Many of them also have an impact on the body's other systems and are not just related to the nervous system. Some of the most significant neurotransmitters are listed below:
Adrenaline transmits signals between the neurons that control movement. It also affects other organs, including the heartbeat, respiration, bowel movement, and stomach discharge. It also speeds up the heartbeat and breathing.
Acetylcholine is a chemical that transmits signals from neurons to skeletal muscles. Additionally, it quickens bowel movements, decreases the pulse, and boosts stomach discharge.
Serotonin transmits signals between brain neurons. Its side effects include migraine, nauseousness, and vomiting.
Dopamine's effects include controlling movement, motivation, nausea and vomiting during breastfeeding (sometimes, two substances have the same effect, because neurons, that are responsible for the effect have different types of receptrs, which in this case have the same effect, as they activate the same cells).
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid is abbreviated as GABA. This one is intriguing since it calms the nervous system and actually reduces cell activity when GABA receptors are activated. For instance, benzodiazepines are medications that work on the same receptors and serve the same purpose as GABA. Their effects—reduced stress, sedation, and sleep—are widely documented.
_________________________________________________
Noting that there are several additional significant neurotransmitters as well as numerous others with less obvious roles, I simply included the most fundamental details for the most fundamental molecules. I hope that makes the key point clearer to you.
Thank you,
Eddie
What term refers to the double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic code and is a main component of chromosomes?
The double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic code and is a main component of chromosomes is Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, the genetic material necessary for an organism's growth and operation.
The structure of DNA is a double-stranded, which is made up of two connected strands that loop around one another to resemble a twisted ladder. Deoxyribose and phosphate groups alternately form the backbone of each strand. One of the four bases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine—is joined to each sugar (T). Adenine forms chemical bonds with thymine, while cytosine forms chemical bonds with guanine to join the two strands together. A protein or RNA molecule's construction instructions are among the biological information encoded by the nucleotide sequence along the DNA backbone.
To learn more about Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) click here
brainly.com/question/13789418
#SPJ4
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is?
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is kinetic energy released by the diffusion of hydrogen ions down their gradient of concentration.
What is kinetic energy?The energy that an object has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. It is described as the effort required to move a mass-determined body from rest to the indicated velocity. The body holds onto the kinetic energy it acquired during its acceleration until its speed changes.An item accumulates kinetic energy when work, which involves the transfer of energy, is done on it by exerting a net force.The energy that an object has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. Essentially, it is the energy of a moving mass. Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity, meaning that it only supplies the magnitude and not the direction of an event. It can never be negative.
Learn more about kinetic energy here:
https://brainly.com/question/114210
#SPJ4
Arterioles have no significant parasympathetic innervation, with the exception of the abundant parasympathetic vasodilator supply to the arterioles of the genitalia.
a. true
b. false
True.
Except for the substantial parasympathetic vasodilator supply to the vaginal arterioles, arteries do not have much parasympathetic innervation.
What are the arterioles and their innervations?A microcirculation blood vessel with a small diameter known as an arteriole extends and branches from an artery to lead to capillaries.
The main site of vascular resistance is found in arterioles, which have muscular walls with typically only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells. The transition from arterioles to capillaries is where blood pressure and blood flow velocity vary the most.
Arterioles are innervated by the autonomic nervous system and respond to different circulating hormones to control their diameter. A functioning sympathetic innervation does not exist in retinal vessels.
Learn more about arterioles here:
https://brainly.com/question/13153594
#SPJ4
What protein in brown adipose tissue help to dissipate heat in hibernating mammals during winter?
UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) in brown adipose tissue help to dissipate heat in hibernating mammals during winter.
What is the purpose of uncoupling proteins in mammalian brown adipose tissue?
The uncoupling protein, also known as thermogenin, is a 33 kDa inner-membrane mitochondrial protein that is found only in brown adipocytes in mammals. It serves as a proton transporter, allowing the proton gradient produced by the respiratory chain to be dissipated as heat and uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in the process.
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a membrane protein that is present in the mitochondrial inner membrane of brown adipose tissue and helps mammals produce heat without shuddering. By including an uncoupler (FCCP), you can reduce the proton motive force and raise the level of cellular respiration by causing a short circuit of protons on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Substrate oxidation is the primary indicator of oxygen consumption in this condition.
Learn more about uncoupling protein here:
https://brainly.com/question/15742971
#SPJ4
A protein that interferes with the ability of a virus to replicate inside a host cell is?
Interferon is the protein which interferes with the ability of a virus to be able to replicate inside a host's cell.
Interferon is a type of a protein which is secreted by the host in response to the viruses which the body encounters. They belong to a class of proteins which are known as cytokines.
When a cell gets infected with virus, it releases interferons. The interferons are able to activate the cells of the immune system like macrophages and the natural killer cells This causes the nearby cells to increase their anti-viral defenses. This helps in the protection of unaffected cells from viral infection.
To learn more about interferon here
brainly.com/question/14325814
#SPJ4
Glucose is the starting molecule in cellular respiration. What is the formula for glucose? A. C₂H₁₂O6 B. C3H6O3 C. C₂H4O₂ D. C₂H₂O3
Answer:
the answer is a
Explanation: