Import substitution and export-oriented growth are two contrasting development strategies pursued by countries to stimulate economic growth and development.
Import substitution refers to a strategy where a country focuses on producing goods domestically that were previously imported. The goal is to reduce dependence on foreign imports and promote domestic industries. This strategy involves implementing trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. By promoting domestic production, import substitution aims to create employment, foster industrialization, and achieve self-sufficiency. However, it can lead to inefficiencies, lack of competitiveness, and limited exposure to international markets.
On the other hand, export-oriented growth emphasizes the expansion of a country's exports as a driver of economic development. This strategy involves promoting industries that have a competitive advantage in the global market. Countries adopting this approach focus on enhancing export capacity through policies such as export subsidies, infrastructure development, and trade liberalization. By emphasizing exports, countries can benefit from economies of scale, technological advancements, and access to international markets. This strategy encourages specialization, attracts foreign investment, and can lead to higher economic growth. However, it may also lead to dependence on external demand and vulnerability to global market fluctuations.
While import substitution aims to promote self-sufficiency and protect domestic industries, export-oriented growth focuses on maximizing exports and integrating into the global market. Each strategy has its advantages and challenges, and countries often adopt a combination of both approaches to strike a balance between domestic development and international competitiveness.
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A corporation may issue shares to the general public. This type of corporation is usually referred to as a [place].
a public offering
b widely held corporation
A corporation that issues shares to the general public is usually referred to as a public offering.
A public offering, also known as an initial public offering (IPO), refers to the process in which a corporation offers its shares to the general public for the first time. It is a way for a private company to become a publicly traded corporation.
During a public offering, the corporation works with investment banks and underwriters to determine the offering price, create a prospectus outlining important information about the company, and market the shares to potential investors. The shares are then listed on a stock exchange, making them available for purchase by individual and institutional investors.
By conducting a public offering, the corporation can raise capital by selling shares to a large number of investors. This influx of capital can be used for various purposes, such as funding growth initiatives, paying off debt, or financing acquisitions. It also provides the company with increased visibility and liquidity, as its shares can be freely traded on the stock exchange.
Going public through a public offering involves complying with regulatory requirements and disclosing relevant financial and operational information to potential investors. This transparency is important in building investor confidence and ensuring fair and efficient markets.
Overall, a public offering allows a corporation to tap into the broader investor base and access capital from the public markets, facilitating growth and providing opportunities for investors to participate in the company's success.
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An American investment trust will receive SGD 18,000. If the bid-ask rates for USD provided by a Singaporean bank are SGD 1.393 - 1.5266. How much U.S. dollars will the investment trust receive?
a. 12,921.75
b. 27,478.80
c. 25,074.00
d. 11,790.91
The investment trust will receive USD 12,921.75. To calculate this, we take the lower bid rate of SGD 1.393, divide SGD 18,000 by it, and then round down to the nearest cent. The calculation is: 18,000 ÷ 1.393 = 12,921.75.
The bid rate represents the amount of SGD needed to buy one USD. By dividing the given SGD amount by the bid rate, we can calculate the corresponding USD value. The lower bid rate is used because it ensures the investment trust receives the maximum USD amount for their SGD.
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Imagine you want to find the causal effect of participating in a job search program on employment. Participation in the program is open for everyone who is unemployed and voluntary.
a) Using potential outcomes notation, define the causal effect of participating in the program. Explain your notation with words and explain why it is unlikely that you will be able to find the causal effect. (5p)
b) Imagine that you could create an experiment where you randomise unemployed people into either participating in the program or not participating in the program. Using potential outcomes notation, explain why such as experiment would solve the issues you had in a). Explain your notation with words as well. What treatment effect would you be able to estimate? (5p)
c) Assume now that the job search program is not open for everyone and you cannot randomize. Instead, you find out that everyone who got unemployed after April 1 st 2020 gets forced to participate in the program and everyone who got unemployed before April 1st 2020 does not get to participate. This means you have a sharp threshold that determines treatment, and you could estimate a model using one of the quasi-experimental methods we have discussed. Which one? Set up the equation you would like to estimate. Define each thing you include in the equation. Which parameter gives you the causal effect of interest? (5p)
The parameter of interest in this case is β, which gives us the causal effect of participating in the job search program on employment.
a) Using potential outcomes notation, the causal effect of participating in a job search program on employment can be defined as follows: Y1 - Y0, where Y1 is the potential outcome of employment for individuals who participate in the program, and Y0 is the potential outcome of employment for individuals who do not participate in the program.
The difference between the two outcomes is the causal effect of participating in the job search program on employment.
However, it is unlikely that we can find the causal effect because we cannot observe both potential outcomes for each individual at the same time.
This is known as the fundamental problem of causal inference. b) If we could create an experiment where we randomize unemployed people into either participating in the program or not participating in the program, we would be able to solve the issues we had in a).
In this case, we could define the causal effect as follows: E(Y1 - Y0) where E represents the expected value.
This treatment effect would allow us to estimate the average causal effect of participating in the job search program on employment for the population of interest.
c) In this case, we have a sharp threshold that determines treatment. This means we can use the Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) method to estimate the causal effect of participating in the job search program on employment.
The equation we would like to estimate is Y = α + βD + ε, where Y is the outcome of interest (employment), D is a binary variable that indicates whether an individual was forced to participate in the program (D = 1) or not (D = 0), and ε is the error term.
The parameter of interest in this case is β, which gives us the causal effect of participating in the job search program on employment.
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To discourage the consumption of a product, the government should impose a tax on the consumers instead of the producers. Do you agree? Explain with a suitable market diagram.
The choice between taxing consumers or producers depends on the specific goals, effectiveness, and fairness considerations of the policy, as well as the characteristics of the market and the product in question.
The statement that the government should impose a tax on consumers instead of producers to discourage the consumption of a product is a matter of perspective and depends on the specific circumstances and goals of the policy. Both approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages.
When the government imposes a tax on consumers, it directly affects the price paid by consumers and reduces their purchasing power. This can lead to a decrease in demand and consumption of the product.
In terms of market diagram, imposing a tax on consumers shifts the demand curve downward by the amount of the tax, resulting in a new equilibrium with lower quantity demanded and a lower price received by producers.
One potential advantage of taxing consumers is that it may be easier to administer and enforce since consumers are more numerous and easily identifiable compared to producers. Additionally, it may be more politically acceptable as the burden of the tax falls directly on the end-users of the product.
However, there are also disadvantages to taxing consumers. It can be regressive, meaning it disproportionately affects low-income individuals who may spend a higher proportion of their income on the product. This can lead to issues of fairness and inequality.
Additionally, taxing consumers may have unintended consequences such as creating incentives for black market activities or reducing consumer welfare.
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Supporting calculations: d) Suri decides that the total of 440 options is the correct calculation. However, she thinks that is not enough variety. Suri would like to advertise at least 10,000 different options. Make a recommendation of possible changes that can be made to the current menu to increase the number of different ice cream options sold at the shop. Support your recommendations with appropriate calculations and explanations. e) Suri's friend Isaac does not like chocolate, so he will not order chocolate or chocolate chip flavours. He always orders two different flavoured scoops, and to him it does not matter which flavour is on top of the other (i.e. the order does not matter). He has worked out that even though he does not order any of the chocolate flavours, he still has 224 options. He has shown his working below:
11n = 10,560, and n = 960 possible new flavors that she can add to her existing menu.
(d) Possible changes to the current menu that can be made to increase the number of different ice cream options sold at the shop are by adding new flavors to the existing ones.
If Suri decides to add "n" new flavors to the existing ones, she will increase her options by a factor of "n+1".
We are given that the current number of flavors is 10.
If Suri decides to add 42 new flavors to the existing ones, she can increase her options to 43*11 = 473.
That is still not enough options, so she can continue to add new flavors until she gets to 10,000.
Let "n" be the number of flavors she will need to add to get to 10,000 total options.
Then 11n = 10,560, and n = 960 possible new flavors that she can add to her existing menu.
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All organizations need to identify external factors within their environment that could have an impact on their operations. Many of these will be things that the organization has no control over, but their implications need to be understood.
Ture/False
True. All organizations need to identify external factors that could impact their operations, even if they have no control over them, to understand their implications.
It is true that organizations must identify external factors within their environment that could affect their operations. These external factors, often referred to as external influences or environmental factors, include a wide range of elements such as economic conditions, market trends, technological advancements, legal and regulatory changes, socio-cultural factors, and competitive pressures. While organizations may have limited or no control over these factors, it is crucial to understand their potential implications.
By identifying external factors, organizations can anticipate and adapt to changes in their operating environment. For example, a company operating in the retail industry would need to monitor consumer preferences and buying patterns to stay relevant and competitive. Similarly, organizations operating in global markets must consider political and economic stability, exchange rates, and trade policies to navigate international business environments.
Understanding external factors helps organizations make informed decisions, develop effective strategies, and manage risks. It enables them to proactively respond to emerging opportunities and challenges, adjust their operations, allocate resources efficiently, and maintain a competitive advantage. Failing to recognize and address external influences can lead to missed opportunities, operational disruptions, or even business failure.
In conclusion, while organizations may not have control over external factors, it is essential for them to identify and understand these factors to effectively navigate their operating environment and ensure long-term success.
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1) Under what circumstances do you recognize market manipulation as acceptable?
2) Do you think the Redditors’ collective action is any different from hedge funds deciding to short GameStop?
3) What long-term impact do you think the GameStop fiasco will have on investment practices and the Wall Street power dynamic?
The questions pertain to market manipulation, the comparison between Redditors' collective action and hedge funds shorting GameStop, and the long-term impact of the GameStop fiasco on investment practices.
1) Market manipulation is generally considered unacceptable as it undermines the integrity and fairness of financial markets. However, there may be certain circumstances where some argue for the acceptability of market manipulation.
For example, in cases where market manipulation is aimed at exposing fraudulent activities or systemic issues within the market, some argue that it can serve as a form of whistleblowing or bringing attention to wrongdoing. Nonetheless, these cases are highly debated, and regulatory bodies typically view market manipulation as a violation of securities laws.
2) The collective action taken by Redditors and hedge funds shorting GameStop differ in their motivations and mechanisms. Redditors' actions were primarily driven by a desire to challenge the dominance of institutional investors and to profit from a short squeeze, while hedge funds shorting GameStop aimed to profit from a decline in the company's stock price.
While both involve strategic trading, the scale and coordination of Redditors' collective action were relatively unprecedented and showcased the power of online communities in influencing stock prices.
3) The GameStop fiasco is likely to have a lasting impact on investment practices and the Wall Street power dynamic. It highlighted the potential for retail investors to disrupt traditional market dynamics and challenge the influence of institutional investors. Regulators may reevaluate market regulations to address the issues exposed during the event, such as short-selling practices and market manipulation.
Additionally, it sparked discussions about the democratization of finance and the need for greater transparency and accessibility in the market. The event may also lead to increased scrutiny of hedge funds and their strategies, as well as a shift in the perception of retail investors as passive participants in the market. Overall, the GameStop fiasco is expected to contribute to ongoing conversations and potential reforms in the investment industry.
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A process for producing the mosquito repellant Deet has an initial investment of $220,000 with annual costs of $54,000. Income is expected to be $90,000 per year. What is the payback period at i=0% per year? At i=12% per year? (Note: Round your answers to the nearest integer.) The payback period at i=0% is determined to be years. The payback period at i=12% is determined to be years.
A process for producing the mosquito repellant Deet has an initial investment of $220,000 with annual costs of $54,000. Income is expected to be $90,000 per year. Then the payback period at i=12% is determined to be 2 years.
Payback period is one of the simplest financial indicators to use. The time required to recover an investment is referred to as the payback period. The payback period is determined by the following equation:
Payback period = Initial Investment/Annual net cash inflow
Let us calculate the payback period of the mosquito repellent DEET
ProcessInvestment = $220,000
Annual Cost = $54,000
Income = $90,000 per year
Now, we will calculate the annual net cash inflow
Annual net cash inflow = Income - Annual Cost
Annual net cash inflow = $90,000 - $54,000 = $36,000
Payback period at i = 0% per year
We need to determine the number of years that would be needed to recover the initial investment, which is $220,000, using this formula:
Payback period = Initial Investment/Annual net cash inflow
Payback period = $220,000/$36,000 = 6.11 years ≈ 6 years (rounded to the nearest integer)
Therefore, the payback period at i=0% is determined to be 6 years. Payback period at i = 12% per year
Using the formula for the present value of annuity, we can calculate the annual cash inflow at i = 12%.
Annual cash inflow = A × (1 - (1 + i)-n)/iWhere,A = Annual net cash inflow = $36,000i = Discount rate = 12%n = Number of years = 6
Annual cash inflow = $36,000 × (1 - (1 + 0.12)-6)/0.12= $36,000 × 3.037= $109,332
Using the payback period formula, we can determine the payback period.Payback period = Initial Investment/Annual net cash inflow
Payback period = $220,000/$109,332 = 2.01 years ≈ 2 years (rounded to the nearest integer)
Therefore, the payback period at i=12% is determined to be 2 years.
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during a recession the government increases spending by $300B which in turn increases GDP by $350B. This is an example of
The given scenario is an example of expansionary fiscal policy, where the government increases spending during a recession to stimulate economic growth and increase GDP.
During a recession, when the economy is experiencing a decline in economic activity, governments often implement expansionary fiscal policy measures to stimulate economic growth and reduce unemployment. One such measure is increasing government spending.
In the given scenario, the government increases its spending by $300 billion. This injection of funds into the economy has a multiplier effect, meaning it stimulates additional economic activity. As a result, the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) increases by $350 billion. This indicates that the increase in government spending has had a positive impact on the overall output and income of the economy. Expansionary fiscal policy aims to boost aggregate demand, encourage consumer spending, and stimulate investment, all of which can help counteract the negative effects of a recession. By increasing government spending, the government is effectively injecting money into the economy, creating demand for goods and services, and potentially leading to increased production and employment. It's important to note that the effectiveness of fiscal policy measures can vary depending on various factors such as the magnitude and timing of the spending, the overall economic conditions, and the multiplier effect. Nonetheless, in this example, the increase in government spending and its subsequent impact on GDP demonstrates an application of expansionary fiscal policy during a recession.
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The following data pertain to Caldron Corporation: Income $ 7,344,000 Sales revenue 61,200,000 Average invested capital 68,000,000 Required: Calculate Caldron Corporation's sales margin, capital turnover, and return on investment. (Round "Capital turnover" and "Return on investment" answers to 2 decimal places.)
Caldron Corporation's sales margin is 12% (income divided by sales revenue), capital turnover is 0.90 (sales revenue divided by average invested capital), and return on investment is 10.8% (income divided by average invested capital).
To calculate Caldron Corporation's sales margin, capital turnover, and return on investment, we can use the given data:
Income: $7,344,000
Sales revenue: $61,200,000
Average invested capital: $68,000,000
Sales Margin:
Sales Margin = Income / Sales revenue
Sales Margin = $7,344,000 / $61,200,000
Sales Margin = 0.12 or 12% (expressed as a percentage)
Capital Turnover:
Capital Turnover = Sales revenue / Average invested capital
Capital Turnover = $61,200,000 / $68,000,000
Capital Turnover = 0.90 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Return on Investment (ROI):
ROI = Income / Average invested capital
ROI = $7,344,000 / $68,000,000
ROI = 0.108 or 10.8% (expressed as a percentage)
Therefore, the calculated values are as follows:
Sales margin: 12%
Capital turnover: 0.90
Return on investment: 10.8%
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Given below is al list of account balances for Silverlake Hospital as of December 31, 2020. Prepare a balance sheet as of December 31, 2020, in proper form. (Hint: you need to compute the net assets account. Assume that all net assets as the beginning of the year are unrestricted.)
Silverlake Hospital Account Balances
Account Balance
Gross plant & equipment $6,000,000
Accounts payable 130,000
Inventories 100,000
Other current liabilities 70,000
Net accounts receivable 650,000
Accrued expenses 100,000
Accumulated depreciation 200,000
Long-term debt 5,000,000
Cash 210,000
Below is the list of accounts for Silverlake Hospital for December 2020 (annual amounts). Prepare a statement of operations for 2020 in good form.
Silverlake Hospital List of Accounts
Account Amount
Administrative expenses $80,000
Net assets released from temporarily restricted accounts for operations 120,000
Labor expense 260,000
Interest expense 12,000
Net patient service revenue 840,000
Supply expense 88,000
Transfer to parent corporation 10,000
Bad debt expense 40,000
Depreciation expense 50,000
Balance Sheet for the list of account balances as of December 31, 2020 is provided below.
Assets:
Gross plant & equipment $6,000,000
Accumulated depreciation (200,000)
Net plant & equipment $5,800,000
Net accounts receivable 650,000
Inventories 100,000
Cash 210,000
Total Assets $6,760,000
Liabilities:
Accounts payable 130,000
Other current liabilities 70,000
Long-term debt 5,000,000
Total Liabilities $5,200,000
Net Assets:
Unrestricted net assets (beginning of year) $0 (assumed)
Net income for the year:
Net patient service revenue 840,000
Less: Labor expense (260,000)
Administrative expenses (80,000)
Supply expense (88,000)
Bad debt expense (40,000)
Depreciation expense (50,000)
Interest expense (12,000)
Transfer to parent corporation (10,000)
Net income 300,000
Total Net Assets $1,560,000
Total Liabilities and Net Assets $6,760,000
Statement of Operations for 2020
Net patient service revenue $840,000
Operating Expenses:
Labor expense (260,000)
Administrative expenses (80,000)
Supply expense (88,000)
Bad debt expense (40,000)
Depreciation expense (50,000)
Total Operating Expenses $(518,000)
Operating Income $322,000
Other Expenses:
Interest expense $(12,000)
Transfer to parent corporation (10,000)
Total Other Expenses $(22,000)
Net Income $300,000
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If a factory generates an external marginal cost equal to 20 pounds per unit of the good it produces, then in a competitive market without intervention, the price will be 20 pounds lower than the price corresponding to the socially optimal quantity T/F
True. In a competitive market without intervention, the price is determined by the equilibrium between the supply and demand of the good.
price will be set at a level where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. However, in this scenario, the factory generates an external marginal cost of 20 pounds per unit of the good it produces.
External costs are costs imposed on third parties who are not involved in the transaction. In this case, the factory's production generates external costs of 20 pounds per unit. These costs are not taken into account by the competitive market since they are not reflected in the price.
As a result, the market price will be lower than the socially optimal price that takes into consideration the external cost. The socially optimal quantity would be lower because it accounts for the additional cost imposed on society due to the external marginal cost. Thus, the price will be 20 pounds lower than the price corresponding to the socially optimal quantity.
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the payback period measures the amount of time the company must wait to recoup its initial investment.
The payback period is an investment analysis method that calculates the length of time it takes for a company to recover its initial investment. It's expressed in years and does not take into account the time value of money.
Payback period is one of the easiest investment analysis techniques to apply. It is calculated by dividing the cost of the initial investment by the anticipated annual cash inflows. The payback period is generally expressed in years and does not take into account the time value of money.
The payback period measures the length of time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash flows to recoup its initial investment. If the payback period is less than the company's predetermined investment criteria, the investment is generally considered attractive.
If it takes longer to recoup the initial investment than the company's investment criteria, the investment is typically rejected. This technique is a simple way to evaluate the amount of time it takes to earn back the investment's initial cost.
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______ would be considered real property. group of answer choices stocks land cash bonds clothing
The correct option is land . Land would be considered real property. Real property is a term used to describe land and any improvements made to it, such as buildings, structures, and fixtures.
Real property can also include natural resources found on the land, such as oil, gas, and minerals. In contrast, personal property refers to movable items that are not permanently attached to the land or buildings, such as clothing, bonds, stocks, and cash. Personal property can be tangible, such as furniture and electronics, or intangible, such as patents and copyrights.
Real property is often considered the most valuable asset that an individual or business can own. It is a valuable asset because it can appreciate in value over time, and it can also generate income through the rental or sale of the property. Real property can also provide a sense of security and stability, as it is a tangible asset that can provide a physical space for individuals or businesses to live or work. Therefore, option e, land, would be considered real property as it is an immovable and permanent asset that is attached to the earth's surface and cannot be moved easily.
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At the beginning of the current period, Cullumber Co. had a balance of $95,000 in Accounts Receivable and a $6,650 credit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. In the period, it had net credit sales of $380,000 and collections of $343,425. It wrote off accounts receivable of $9,500 as uncollectible. After a $1,425 account was written off as uncolléctible, it was subsequently collected. This is in addition to the other cash collections. Based on an aging schedule, uncollectible accounts are estimated to be $7,500 at the end of the period. (a) Record sales and collections in the period. Ignore any inventory, cost of goods sold, and refund liability for the purposes of this question.
According to the given question, the Sales is $380,000. The collection is $343,425.
The required journal entries are as follows:
Journal entries for sales and collection in the period: Sales are recorded as a credit to sales and a debit to accounts receivable.
Accounts Receivable
Debit $380,000
SalesCredit $380,000
Collections are recorded as a debit to cash and a credit to accounts receivable.
Cash
Debit $343,425
Accounts Receivable
Credit $343,425
Journal entries for write-offs and collections in the period:
Write-offs decrease both accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra-asset account and is therefore credited when it decreases.
Accounts Receivable
Debit $9,500
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Credit $9,500
Collections from previously written-off accounts are recorded as a debit to accounts receivable and a credit to cash.
CashDebit $1,425
Accounts Receivable
Credit $1,425
Journal entry to record the estimation of uncollectible accounts:
Allowance for doubtful accounts is increased, which is recorded as a debit to bad debt expense and a credit to allowance for doubtful accounts.
Bad Debt ExpenseDebit $7,500
Allowance for Doubtful AccountsCredit $7,500
Thus, the recording of sales and collections are recorded in the journal as follows:
Accounts Receivable
Debit $380,000
Sales Credit $380,000
Cash Debit $343,425
Accounts Receivable Credit $343,425
The recording of write-offs and collections in the period are recorded in the journal as follows:
Accounts Receivable Debit $9,500
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Credit $9,500
Cash Debit $1,425
Accounts Receivable Credit $1,425
The estimation of uncollectible accounts is recorded in the journal as follows:
Bad Debt Expense Debit $7,500
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Credit $7,500.
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Question 1
Resistance to change comes from all of the following except
A. Employee characteristics
B. Change agent/employee relationship
C. Change agent characteristics
D. competitors
Resistance to change comes from all of the following except competitors. The correct option is D.
Resistance to change is a common phenomenon in organizations, and it can stem from various factors. However, competitors are not typically a source of resistance to change. Competitors may be an external factor that influences the need for change or triggers the change process, but they themselves do not exhibit resistance.
Employee characteristics, such as fear of the unknown, lack of trust, and the desire to maintain the status quo, can contribute to resistance to change. When employees are uncertain about the implications of change on their roles, responsibilities, and job security, they may resist the proposed changes.
The relationship between change agents (those initiating and driving the change) and employees is also a critical factor. If there is a lack of communication, involvement, and trust between change agents and employees, resistance is more likely to occur. Effective change agents build rapport, address concerns, and involve employees in the change process to minimize resistance.
Similarly, change agent characteristics, such as their credibility, expertise, and ability to communicate and facilitate change, can influence the level of resistance. If change agents are perceived as lacking these qualities, employees may resist their proposed changes.
While competitors may create a need for change, they do not directly exhibit resistance. Instead, it is the internal factors related to employees, the change agent-employee relationship, and the change agent's characteristics that contribute to resistance to change within an organization. The correct option is D.
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Nike sometimes continued to sponsor its athletes involved in various scandals; other times it terminated its lucrative endorsement contracts. What do you think about Nike’s practice? What is the impact of this approach to society and Nike? What recommendations would you have for Nike?
Nike's approach of sometimes continuing to sponsor athletes involved in scandals and other times terminating their endorsement contracts has generated mixed opinions.
Nike's practice of sponsoring athletes involved in scandals or terminating their contracts is a complex issue. On one hand, continuing to support athletes in challenging times can be seen as a gesture of loyalty and belief in second chances.
It may also provide an opportunity for individuals to learn from their mistakes and rehabilitate their image. On the other hand, terminating contracts can be seen as a reflection of Nike's commitment to upholding their brand image and distancing themselves from individuals involved in controversial activities.
The impact of Nike's approach extends to society and the Nike brand itself. Society may perceive Nike's decisions as inconsistent or driven solely by financial considerations. The brand's reputation and credibility can be affected depending on the public's perception of the athletes involved and the nature of the scandals.
Nike's actions can also influence consumer purchasing decisions, as individuals may choose to support or boycott the brand based on their stance. To navigate these challenges, it is recommended that Nike establishes clear guidelines and criteria for athlete sponsorships, taking into account factors such as the severity of the scandal, the athlete's response, and potential societal impact.
Prioritizing values and ethics should guide decision-making processes, ensuring consistency and aligning with Nike's brand image. Additionally, fostering transparency and accountability through open communication and public statements can help address concerns and maintain trust with consumers and stakeholders.
Ultimately, Nike should strive to strike a balance between supporting athletes and upholding its brand values in a responsible and sustainable manner.
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Rachel works in a beer factory. Each time a beer bottle cap comes down, the machine emits a clicking noise. A malfunction in the cap machine she operates has caused a short blast of air into her face each time the cap is placed on a bottle, causing her to blink. Rachel finds that after two days of working with the broken machine, she blinks when she hears the clicking noise, before the blast of air ever touches her face. The blast of air is an example of a(n):
O Unconditioned stimulus
O Conditioned response
O Conditioned stimulus
O Unconditioned response
Rachel works in a beer factory. Each time a beer bottle cap comes down, the machine emits a clicking noise. A malfunction in the cap machine she operates has caused a short blast of air into her face each time the cap is placed on a bottle, causing her to blink.
Rachel finds that after two days of working with the broken machine, she blinks when she hears the clicking noise, before the blast of air ever touches her face. The blast of air is an example of a(n) Conditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus, unlike an unconditioned stimulus, is a previously neutral stimulus that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. A conditioned stimulus (CS) is an object or symbol that has previously been neutral, but after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US), it becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned response (UCR).Example of the conditioned stimulus: Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate in response to the sound of a bell. Initially, the sound of the bell had no effect on the dogs. However, after pairing the sound of the bell with the presentation of food, the dogs began to associate the sound of the bell with the food and began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone.
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Which of the following is not an example of a subsidy to a sports franchise?
a The city provides extra police and public safety support to direct traffic on game days.
b The city charges the team less than market value rent for use of a public-owned stadium.
c The local property tax on a privately-owned stadium is less than property taxes on other private property of similar value.
d A ticket tax is used to fund the debt on a stadium project.
d A ticket tax is used to fund the debt on a stadium project.
A ticket tax used to fund the debt on a stadium project is not an example of a subsidy to a sports franchise. Instead, it is a revenue source that is generated from the sports franchise itself or its supporters to cover the costs associated with the stadium project. It does not involve direct financial assistance or favorable treatment provided by the government or public entities to the sports franchise.
On the other hand, options a, b, and c all represent examples of subsidies to a sports franchise:
a) The city providing extra police and public safety support on game days is an example of a subsidy as it involves the provision of additional services to the sports franchise that are not typically provided to other businesses or organizations.
b) Charging the team less than market value rent for the use of a public-owned stadium represents a subsidy since the team is receiving a financial benefit by paying below the fair market rate.
c) Imposing lower property taxes on a privately-owned stadium compared to other private properties of similar value is also a form of subsidy, as it provides a financial advantage to the sports franchise by reducing their tax burden.
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The detailed analysis companies go through to determine all the technical and operational functionalities they need and desire in an ERP system is called
A. Impact analysis
B. Requirements analysis
C. Spend analysis
D. Fit/gap analysis
D. Fit/gap analysis is the detailed analysis companies undertake to determine the technical and operational functionalities they require and desire in an ERP system.
It involves identifying the "fit" between the organization's needs and the capabilities of the ERP system, as well as identifying any "gaps" where customization or additional functionality may be needed. This analysis helps companies evaluate whether an ERP system meets their specific requirements and identifies areas where customization or integration may be necessary.
Fit/gap analysis is a process where companies carefully assess their technical and operational needs and compare them against the functionalities offered by an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system. It involves analyzing how well the system aligns with the company's requirements and identifying any gaps or areas where the system falls short. By conducting this analysis, organizations can determine the extent to which the ERP system meets their needs and identify any areas that may require customization or additional functionality. It helps in making informed decisions about whether a particular ERP system is suitable or if modifications are needed to bridge the gaps between requirements and system capabilities.
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On January 1, 2021, Cameron Inc. bought 10\% of the outstanding common stock of Lake Construction Company for $160 million cash, giving Cameron the ability to exercise significant influence over Lake's operations. At the date of acquisition of the stock, Lake's net assets had a fair value of $900 million. Its book value was $800 million. The difference was attributable to the fair value of Lake's buildings and its land exceeding book value, each accounting for one-half of the difference. Lake's net income for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $260 million. During 2021 , Lake declared and paid cash dividends of $40 million. The buildings have a remaining life of 5 years. Required: 1. Complete the table below and prepare all appropriate journal entries related to the investment during 2021 , assuming Cameron accounts for this investment by the equity method. 2. Determine the amounts to be reported by Cameron.
Using the equity approach, Cameron's investment in Lake Construction Company for 2021 generated a total return of $197,440,000, consisting of $37,440,000 in equity in earnings and $4,000,000 in cash dividends paid.
The following entries relating to Cameron's investment in Lake Construction Company were made in his journal in the year 2021:
a. To officially acknowledge the investment in Lake Construction Company:
The Lake Construction Company received an investment of 160,000,000.
Cash 160,000,000
b. To record equity in the earnings of Lake Construction Company, calculate as follows: Investment in Lake Construction Company multiplied by Equity in revenues of Lake Construction Company = 160,000,000 times ($260,000,000 - $26,000,000*) = 160,000,000 times $234,000,000 = $37,440,000 *($900,000,000 - $800,000,000) / $900,000,000 = $234,000,000
The Lake Construction Company has equity in earnings totaling 37,440,000.
37 440 000 dollars were invested in the Lake Construction Company.
b. To properly document the acquisition of cash dividends:
Cash 4,000,000
Investing four million dollars in the Lake Construction Company
On the basis of these journal entries, Cameron will use the equity method of accounting to report the following amounts for his investment in Lake Construction Company for the year 2021:
Investing in Lake Construction Company resulted in a total return of $197,440,000 ($160,000,000 initial investment plus $37,440,000 equity in earnings minus $0 cash dividends).
Revenue from investments generated by Lake Construction Company:
The Lake Construction Company has an equity in profits total of $37,440,000.
The amount of four million dollars in dividends obtained from Lake Construction Company
The total income from investments is $41,440,000.
It is important to keep in mind that when calculating investment income, the fair value of the buildings and land should not be taken into account. This is due to the fact that the gain on these assets will not become realized until the assets are sold. Because of this, the revenue generated by those things is regarded to be unrealized and should not be reflected in the accounting done using the equity method.
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A resident capital company has both Saudi and non-Saudi shareholders and its capital is divided between them equally 50% each .
Net income for 2019 was 2,000,000 SR and was adjusted according to the tax rules applicable in the kingdom is 2,200,000 SR.
Required:
Compute the tax amount to be paid by non-Saudi.
The non-Saudi shareholder's tax amount can be calculated by multiplying their share of the adjusted net income by the applicable tax rate.
Given that the capital of the resident capital company is divided equally between Saudi and non-Saudi shareholders (50% each), the non-Saudi shareholder's share of the net income is also 50%. The adjusted net income for 2019 is 2,200,000 SR. Therefore, the non-Saudi shareholder's share of the adjusted net income is 1,100,000 SR (50% of 2,200,000 SR).
To calculate the tax amount, the non-Saudi shareholder needs to apply the applicable tax rate. The tax rate may vary depending on the tax laws and regulations in the kingdom. Once the tax rate is determined, it can be multiplied by the non-Saudi shareholder's share of the adjusted net income (1,100,000 SR) to calculate the tax amount to be paid by the non-Saudi shareholder.
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During the past five years, you owned two stocks that had the following annual rates of return:
YearStock TStock B10.170.0520.120.013-0.13-0.064-0.040.0450.120.02
Compute the arithmetic mean annual rate of return for each stock. Round your answers to one decimal place.
Stock T: %
Stock B: %
Which stock is most desirable by this measure?
Stock T has a higher average annual return of 4.8% compared to Stock B's 1.2%, making Stock T more desirable in terms of this measure.
To compute the arithmetic mean annual rate of return for each stock, we sum up the annual rates of return over the five-year period and divide by the number of years. For Stock T, the sum of annual rates of return is 0.17 + 0.12 - 0.13 - 0.04 + 0.12 = 0.24. Dividing this sum by 5 years, we get an arithmetic mean of 0.048, which is equivalent to 4.8% when expressed as a percentage. For Stock B, the sum of annual rates of return is 0.05 + 0.01 - 0.06 + 0.04 + 0.02 = 0.06. Dividing this sum by 5 years, we get an arithmetic mean of 0.012, equivalent to 1.2% as a percentage.
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13. PLEASE ANSWER ASAP
A company wants to determine its reorder point (R). Demand is
variable and they want to build a safety stock into R. If the
average daily demand is 12, the lead time is 5 days,
The reorder point is 210.
The given data are
Average daily demand = 12
Lead time = 5 days
To calculate the reorder point, we need to find out the safety stock.
The safety stock formula is safety stock = z x σ x √L,
where
z = z-score (standard normal score),
σ = standard deviation, and
L = lead time.
Since the standard deviation is not given, we cannot directly calculate the safety stock.
Hence, we can calculate the reorder point using the formula:
Reorder point (R) = Average daily demand × Lead time + Safety stock
We are given that they want to build a safety stock into R.
Therefore, let us assume that the safety stock is 150 units.
So, the reorder point is:
R = 12 × 5 + 150 = 210
Therefore, the reorder point is 210.
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At the beginning of last vean you invested 32,000 in 50 shares of the Chang Compration. During the year, Chang paid dividends of $4 per share. At the end of the Yeas you sold the 50 shares for $52 a share. Compute your total Hey on these shares and indicate how much was due to the price change and how much was due to the dividend lncome. Do hot round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to one decimal place. Hey ( rotain) HPr (Price thorese Alone) Hpy (Didends):
To compute your total return on the shares of Chang Corporation, we need to calculate the capital gain or loss from the price change and the dividend income.
Capital Gain or Loss:
The initial investment in 50 shares was $32,000, and the selling price was $52 per share.
Capital Gain = (Selling Price - Initial Investment) * Number of Shares
Capital Gain = ($52 - $32) * 50 = $1,000
Dividend Income:
The dividend paid per share was $4, and you owned 50 shares.
Dividend Income = Dividend per Share * Number of Shares
Dividend Income = $4 * 50 = $200
Total Return:
Total Return = Capital Gain + Dividend Income
Total Return = $1,000 + $200 = $1,200
Therefore, your total return on these shares is $1,200. The capital gain portion is $1,000, and the dividend income portion is $200.
Note: It seems there is a typo in the question where "Hey" and "HPr" are mentioned. Assuming "Hey" refers to "Total Return" and "HPr" refers to "Price Change," the calculations above should provide the required information.
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An investment of 1200 is made into a fund at time 0 . The fund develops the following balances over the next four years. If 100 is invested at time 1, under the same interest rate environment, find the accumulated value of the 100 at time 4 to the nearest cent. Answer: Given a fund with the following effective rates: i
3
=.05 and i
4
=.035, what is the accumulated value at the end of year 4 for 2,000 invested in this fund at the beginning of year 3 (time =2 )? (nearest cent) Answer:
After doing calculations based on data given in question, the accumulated value of the 100 at time 4 is 121.55.
We can use the formula for future value of a single sum to calculate the accumulated value of the
100 at time 4. The formula is FV=PV x(1+i)^n
, where PV is the present value, i is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods. In this case, the present value is 100, the interest rate is 5%, and the number of periods is 3 (since we are calculating the accumulated value at time 4, which is 3 years after time 1). Plugging these values into the formula, we get
FV = 100x(1+0.05)³
=121.55.
The accumulated value at the end of year 4 for
2,000 invested in the fund at the beginning of year3 is2,261.78.
We can use the formula for future value of a single sum to calculate the accumulated value of the
2,000 at the end of year4. The formula is FV=PVx(1+i) ^n
, where PV is the present value, i is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the present value is2,000, the interest rate is 3.5%, and the number of periods is 2 (since we are calculating the accumulated value at the end of year 4, which is 2 years after the beginning of year 3). Plugging these values into the formula, we get
FV = 2,000x (1+0.035) ²
=2,261.78
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Danny and Jaime are two individuals who one day discover a stream that flows wine cooler instead of water. Danny and Jaime decide to bottle the wine cooler and sell it. The marginal cost of bottling wine cooler and the fixed cost to bottle wine cooler are both zero. The market demand for bottled wine cooler is given as: P=75−0.5Q where Q is the total quantity of bottled wine cooler produced and P is the market price of bottled wine cooler. a. What is the economically efficient price and quantity of bottled wine cooler? (2) b. If Danny and Jaime form a monopoly, what quantity will they produce and what price will they charge? (2) c. Suppose that Danny and Jaime act as Cournot duopolists, what are the reaction functions for Danny and Jaime? How much output will they each produce and what will they charge? (4) d. Now suppose Danny could invest in a production process that would give him a first-mover advantage in the market, where he would produce his output first. How much should he be willing to invest to gain this advantage?
a. The economically efficient price and quantity of bottled wine coolers are $50 and 50 units, respectively.
b. As a monopoly, Danny and Jaime will produce and charge a quantity of 25 units at a price of $50.
c. As Cournot duopolists, Danny and Jaime's reaction functions are Qd = (75 - Qj - 0.5Qd)/2 and Qj = (75 - Qd - 0.5Qj)/2. They will each produce 25 units and charge a price of $37.50.
d. To gain a first-mover advantage, Danny should be willing to invest up to $37.50.
a. The economically efficient price and quantity occur at the point where marginal cost equals marginal benefit. Since the marginal cost of bottling a wine cooler is zero, the economically efficient price is determined by setting the marginal benefit (the market demand) equal to zero: 75 - 0.5Q = 0. Solving for Q, we get Q = 50 units. Substituting Q = 50 into the demand equation, we find the price P = $50.
b. As a monopoly, Danny and Jaime have control over the market. To maximize their profits, they will produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Since the marginal cost is zero, the monopolists will produce the quantity that maximizes their revenue, which is half of the market demand equation: Q = (75 - P)/2 = 25 units. Substituting Q = 25 into the demand equation, we find the price P = $50.
c. As Cournot duopolists, Danny and Jaime will consider their competitors' reactions when determining their own production levels. The reaction functions represent the optimal response of one firm to the other's output.
Danny's reaction function is Qd = (75 - Qj - 0.5Qd)/2, and Jaime's reaction function is Qj = (75 - Qd - 0.5Qj)/2. Solving these equations simultaneously, we find Qd = Qj = 25 units. Substituting Qd = Qj = 25 into the demand equation, we find the price P = $37.50.
d. To gain a first-mover advantage, Danny should be willing to invest up to the amount that ensures his production occurs before Jaime's. In this case, since both players produce simultaneously, there is no advantage to being the first mover, and therefore no additional investment is necessary.
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To calculate effective tangible net worth, an analyst should make all of the following adjustments EXCEPT:
A. Subtract intangible assets from net worth
B. Subtract subordinated debt from liabilities
c. Add intangible assets to liabilities
D. Add subordinated debt to net worth
When assessing the liquidity of a company, which of the following is the most conservative measure?
A. Net working capital
B. Quick ratio
c. Current ratio
D. Working capital/sale
A company with a liability structure that is well matched to its asset distribution can usually operate with
A. higher leverage
B. lower leverage
c. no leverage
D. increased liquidity
5. When evaluating a company's current assets, which of the following are expected to convert to cash during the operating cycle?
I. Accounts receivable I. Inventory Ill. Prepaid expenses IV. Deferred tax assets
A. 1&11
B. I&
c. 1, 11, & III
D. I, I, III, & IV
C. Add intangible assets to liabilities. Effective tangible net worth is calculated by subtracting intangible assets from net worth and adding subordinated debt to net worth.
These adjustments help determine the true value of tangible assets and the company's ability to cover its obligations with tangible assets.
2. When assessing the liquidity of a company, the most conservative measure is:
B. Quick ratio. The quick ratio is a more conservative measure of liquidity compared to the current ratio because it excludes inventory from current assets. By focusing on only the most liquid assets, such as cash and accounts receivable, the quick ratio provides a stricter assessment of a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations.
3. A company with a liability structure that is well matched to its asset distribution can usually operate with:
B. lower leverage.
When a company's liability structure is well matched to its asset distribution, it means that the maturities and cash flows from the assets align with the liabilities. This reduces the risk of financial distress and allows the company to operate with lower leverage, as it can meet its obligations comfortably without relying heavily on borrowed funds.
4. When evaluating a company's current assets, the following are expected to convert to cash during the operating cycle:
C. I, II, & III.
Accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses are expected to convert to cash during the operating cycle. Accounts receivable represents amounts owed by customers, which are expected to be collected. Inventory is expected to be sold and converted into cash, while prepaid expenses represent advance payments for future expenses that will be used up or expire. In the options provided, there seems to be a typographical error where option B is repeated. The correct option should be C. Please keep in mind that financial analysis and ratios may vary based on industry and specific circumstances, so it's important to consider the context and use additional information when assessing a company's financial health.
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Steady As She Goes, Inc., will pay a year-end dividend of $2.9 per share. Investors expect the dividend to grow at a rate of 5.9 percent indefinitely.
a. If the stock currently sells for $35 per share, what is the expected rate of return on the stock? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The expected rate of return on the stock %
b. If the expected rate of return on the stock is 15.4 percent, what is the stock price? (Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
a. The expected rate of return on the stock is 12.57%.
b. The stock price is $21.44.
The expected rate of return can be calculated using the dividend growth model. The formula is:
Expected Rate of Return = Dividend Yield + Dividend Growth Rate
Dividend Yield = Dividend / Stock Price = $2.9 / $35 = 0.0829
Expected Rate of Return = 0.0829 + 0.059 = 0.1219 = 12.19%
To calculate the stock price, we use the dividend growth model and rearrange the formula to solve for the stock price:
Stock Price = Dividend / (Expected Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
Dividend = $2.9
Expected Rate of Return = 15.4% = 0.154
Dividend Growth Rate = 5.9% = 0.059
Stock Price = $2.9 / (0.154 - 0.059) = $21.44
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The manager of TruColor Printers Inc. has purchased a sophisticated printing press for $1 million. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the printing press? It will be depreciated over its useful life. It will undergo processing before it is used. It will be bought through retailers. It will be charged as an expense in the year it is bought.
The most likely statement to be true about the printing press purchased by the manager of TruColor Printers Inc. is: "It will be depreciated over its useful life."
When a company acquires a significant asset like a printing press, it is typically treated as a long-term investment. The cost of the printing press is not expensed entirely in the year of purchase but is spread out over its useful life through a process called depreciation. Depreciation represents the systematic allocation of the asset's cost over time to reflect its gradual wear and tear, obsolescence, or loss of value.
By depreciating the printing press, TruColor Printers Inc. can accurately reflect the economic benefit derived from the asset over its useful life. This approach aligns with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and allows for more accurate financial reporting. Depreciation expenses are recorded on the income statement and reduce the company's taxable income, thus providing tax benefits.
The useful life of the printing press can vary depending on factors such as technological advancements, maintenance, and industry standards. Typically, the useful life is determined based on estimates and industry practices. The depreciation expense is calculated using methods such as straight-line depreciation, declining balance method, or units of production method.
It's important to note that the other statements mentioned in the options are less likely to be true in this context. The printing press, being a sophisticated equipment purchase, is not expected to undergo processing before use, nor is it typically bought through retailers. Additionally, it is not charged as an expense in the year it is bought, but rather, its cost is allocated over its useful life through the process of depreciation.
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