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A(n) closed system is one in which energy moves freely in and out, but no matter enters or leaves the system.

You can have an open or closed system: A system that is totally cut off from its surroundings is referred to as a closed system. We have opted to adopt this definition because it is one that is frequently used in the system literature.

A closed system is one that only permits the transfer of energy within or outside the system but not the transport of matter. For instance, a beaker of evaporating water with a closed top permits the flow of energy to the environment but prevents the evaporation of (matter) water.

closed systems are also referred to as systems that don't allow anything other than energy to enter or exit. A closed water bottle functions as a closed system in this instance.

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The experiment's time period is unaffected by the change in amplitude in either experiment.

Time period is provided by:

[tex]T= 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k} }[/tex]

where,

T = time period

m = mass

k = spring constant

According to the formula, the only factors affecting the time period in a simple harmonic motion (SHM) are the object's mass and the spring constant . The time period will adjust in line with any adjustments made to the object's mass or spring constant.

Pendulum oscillations are an illustration of simple harmonic motion. Take into consideration a spring that has a fixed end. It is in its equilibrium position if no force is applied to it. Now, if we pull it outwards, the string exerts a force that is pointed in the direction of the equilibrium position.

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Answer:

12.5 amps

Explanation:

Watt = volt * amp

  1500 = 120 * I              I = 12.5 amps

A 1500-w heater is designed to be plugged into a 120-v outlet. The current will flow through the heating coil when the heater is plugged in 12.5 Ampere.

To find the Current, the given values are:

Power p = 1500 W

Volt v = 120 v

Power is the amount of work that is done per unit of time. It can be associated with the speed of a change of energy within a system, or the time it takes to perform a job.

There are different types of power,

Mechanical power: The work that performed by an individual or a machine in a certain period of time.

Electric power: The electric power can result of the multiplication of the potential difference between the ends of a load and the current flowing there.

Electric power can be written as,

P = VI

where, P - Power

V - Volt

I - Current intensity

Substituting all the values in the given formula,

1500 = 120 × I

I = 1500 / 120

 = 12.5 Ampere

The current will flow through the heating coil when the heater is plugged in 12.5 Ampere.

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The angular separation is [tex]4.88 * 10^{-5} rad[/tex]

What is angular distance formula?

The formula is θ=s/r, where, θ is Angular Displacement, s is the distance traveled by the body, and. r is the radius of the circle along which it is moving.

What is meant by angular resolution?

The angular resolving power (or resolution) of a telescope is the smallest angle between close objects that can be seen clearly to be separate. Resolution is limited by the wave nature of light.

The angular separation is calculated as given below.

θ = 1.220 λ/d

Where λ  is the wavelength and d is the diameter of the lens aperture.

θ1 = [tex]1.220 * \frac{600 * 10^{-9} }{1.5 * 10^{-2} }[/tex]

    =  4.88 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] rad

Therefore, The angular separation is 4.88 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] rad.

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The semiconductor device that produces electric current through the effect is termed as transistor.

To find the answer, we have to know more transistor.

Thus, we can conclude that, the semiconductor device that produces electric current through the effect is termed as transistor.

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Answer:

t = 1.659s

Explanation:

We can use the kinematics equations to solve this questions:

v = u + at

[tex]v^{2} = u^{2} +2as[/tex]

where v = Final Velocity, u = initial velocity, a = acceleration, t = time, s = displacement

a) Given information from the question,

u = [tex]\frac{70km}{h} =\frac{(70*1000)m}{(1*3600)s} = 19.444m/s[/tex] (Convert km/h to m/s first)

a = [tex]2m/s^{2}[/tex]

s = 35m

Now we can substitute these values into the 2nd kinematics equation to find v, final velocity.

[tex]v^{2} =(19.444)^{2} +2(2)(35)\\v=\sqrt{(19.444)^{2} +2(2)(35)} \\v= 22.761m/s (5.sf)\\[/tex]

b) Now we have the final velocity, we can substitute the values into the first kinematics equation to find t , the time taken.

v = u + at

22.761 = 19.444 + 2t

2t = 22.761 - 19.444

t =[tex]\frac{22.761-19.444}{2}[/tex]

t = 1.659s

44.58% is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating between 100°c and 400°c

The ratio of useful work completed to heat produced is used to determine an engine's efficiency. is the task finished.

Please be aware that the phrase "work done" refers to the force applied to the clutch or driveshaft. This implies that the work produced by thermodynamic expansion is reduced by the friction and other losses.

Given

T1 = 100 +273 = 373K

T2 = 400 + 273 = 673 K

Formula for efficiency = (T2 -T1/T2) × 100

Put the values of T1 and T2

We get

Efficiency = (673 - 373 /673) × 100

Efficiency = 44.58%

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Steel is denser than iron because it has carbon atoms entangled inside the latticework of iron atoms.

Steel is denser than iron because it has carbon atoms entangled inside the latticework of iron atoms.

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Steel have carbon atoms which are interlocked within the lattice work of the iron atoms that's why steel is more denser than iron.

What are Alloy steel?

It is a type of steel in which the steel is combined with several elements such as Nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, silicon.

By adulteration in elements make them hard , tough, increase their strength, wear resistance.

These steel are used in electrical furnace . Steel is also an alloy.

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A hydrogen atom in the n=7 state decays to the n=4 state. The wavelength of the photon that the hydrogen atom emits is 4592.59nm.

The Energy of photon is the energy possessed by a photon when it moves from a high energy level to a low energy level. It emits a photon of a certain wavelength. The following relation can be used to find out the relation between the energy levels and the energy possessed:

E = 13.6 × Z² (1/n₂² - 1/n₁²) eV

where, n₁ is the initial energy level i.e. n₁ =7

            n₂ is the higher energy level i.e. n₂ = 4

            E is the energy possessed

            Z is the atomic number, Z = 1 for H-atom

Subsituting in above equation,

E = 13.6 (1/16 - 1/49) eV

E = 0.27 eV

We know that,

E = hc / λ  

where, h is Planck constant

           c is speed of light

            λ is wavelength

On subsituting,

0.27 eV = 1240/ λ

⇒ λ = 4592.59 nm

Hence, the wavelength of photon emitted by Hydrogen atom is 4592.59nm.

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Plasma is often called the fourth state of matter. The four states are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

The term "fourth state of matter" refers to plasma, which it shares with solid, liquid, and gas. Heating a gas will result in the formation of plasma, which is a soup of positively and negatively charged particles (ions), similar to how adding energy causes a liquid to boil and transform into a gas (electrons).

The fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gas is referred to as plasma. An ionized substance enters this state of matter when it becomes extremely electrically conductive to the point where long-range electric and magnetic forces control its behavior. Water makes up around 92 percent of the plasma. Additionally, it has 7% of essential proteins like albumin, gamma globulin, and anti-hemophilic factor, and 1% of mineral salts, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, and vitamins.

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The focal length of the mirror will be 0.33 m

Focus is defined as the point through which the reflected light rays pass (or appear to pass) when incident light rays are parallel to the principal axis. It is located at the midpoint of pole and center of curvature. The distance between the pole and the focus of the mirror is called the focal length of the mirror.

F =2R or focal length of a mirror is half of its radius of curvature.

The radius of curvature of convex or concave mirror is equal to two times of the focal length of convex or concave mirror. The radius of curvature is the radius of sphere formed by the convex or concave mirror. It is also equal to the distance between the pole and center of curvature.

F = 1/R

R = 3 m (given )

F = 1 / 3 = 0.33 m

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Yes , the response of the light bulb depend on how fast you move the bar magnet

Flux is the presence of a force field in a specified physical medium, or the flow of energy through a surface

Lenz's law states that the induced electromotive force with different polarities induces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change in magnetic flux through the loop in order to ensure that the original flux is maintained through the loop when current flows in it.

Yes, waving a magnet around does create an electromagnetic wave which does affect the light bulb .

Due to motion of the bar, there will be a constant change in flux and due to  Lenz's Law a current within the coil will be induced . This induced current can be used to power the light bulb.

As we know that the greater the speed, the greater the magnitude of the current, and the current is zero when there is no motion.

There will be change in brightness as the bar moves with faster speed.

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Answer:

The value of acceleration due to gravity is independent of mass of the body.

Explanation:

Let us consider the mass of the object as m and mass of earth as M

Therefore, force between the object and earth would be given by: F = GMm/d²

This force is equal to the weight of the object, i.e. mg

Thus;

mg = GMm/d²

g = GM/d²

Therefore, the value of acceleration due to gravity is independent of mass of the body.

The velocity of the block when t == 2 s is 60.7 ft./sec.

Equations of Motion.

Here the friction is [tex]F_f = \mu_k N[/tex] = 0.2 N

[tex]+ \uparrow \sum F_y = ma_y; \quad N – 10 = \frac { 10 } { 32.2 }(0) \quad N = 10 lb \\ \begin{aligned} \underrightarrow{ + } \sum F_x = ma_x; \quad 8t^2 – 0.2(10 &) = \frac { 10 } { 32.2 }a \\ & a = 3.22(8t^2 – 2) ft/s^2 \end{aligned}[/tex]

Kinematics.

The velocity of the block as a function of t can be determined by

integrating dv = adt using the initial condition v = 4 ft./s at t = 0.

[tex]\int_{ 4 ft/s }^{ v } dv = \int_0^t 3.22(8t^2 – 2)dt \\ \begin{aligned} v – &4 = 3.22 (\frac 8 3 t^3 – 2t) \\ & v = \{8.5867t^3 – 6.44t + 4 \} ft/s \end{aligned}[/tex]

The displacement as a function of t can be determined by integrating

ds = vdt using

the initial condition s = 0 at t = 0

[tex]\int_0^s ds = \int_0^t (8.5867t^3 – 6.44t + 4)dt \\ s = \{2.1467t^4 – 3.22t^2 + 4t \} ft[/tex]

at t = 2 sec

s = 30 ft.

Thus, at s = 30 ft.,

[tex]\begin{aligned} v &= 8.5867(2.0089^3) – 6.44(2.0089) + 4 \\ &= 60.67 ft/s \\ &= 60.7 ft/s \end{aligned}[/tex]

Kinematics is a subfield of physics, developed in classical mechanics, that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the forces that cause them to move.

Kinematics, as a field of study, is often referred to as the "geometry of motion" and is occasionally seen as a branch of mathematics. A kinematics problem begins by describing the geometry of the system and declaring the initial conditions of any known values of position, velocity and/or acceleration of points within the system.

Then, using arguments from geometry, the position, velocity and acceleration of any unknown parts of the system can be determined. The study of how forces act on bodies falls within kinetics, not kinematics. For further details, see analytical dynamics.

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The sphere’s Electric potential energy is 1.6*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]J

Given,

q=6. 5 µc, V=240 v,

We know that sphere’s Electric potential energy(E) = qV=6.5*[tex]10^{-6} *240[/tex]=1.6*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]J

The configuration of a certain set of point charges within a given system is connected with the potential energy (measured in joules) known as electric potential energy, which is a product of conservative Coulomb forces. Two crucial factors—its inherent electric charge and its position in relation to other electrically charged objects—can determine whether an object has electric potential energy.

In systems with time-varying electric fields, the potential energy is referred to as "electric potential energy," but in systems with time-invariant electric fields, the potential energy is referred to as "electrostatic potential energy."

A tiny sphere carrying a charge of 6. 5 µc sits in an electric field, at a point where the electric potential is 240 v. what is the sphere’s potential energy?

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By Wien's displacement law we can conclude that, the peak wavelength emitted by the sun for 5800K temperature is 499nm.

To find the answer, we have to know about Wien's distribution law.

             [tex]wavelength*T=2.898*10^{-3}mK\\wavelength=\frac{2.898*10^{-3}mK}{5800K}=499nm.[/tex]

Thus, by Wien's displacement law we can conclude that, the peak wavelength emitted by the sun for 5800K temperature is 499nm.

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The average useful power output of robot is 0.0001 W

The time taken by robot to lift bricks is 630000000 sec

Given:

work done by robot = 5.5 j

time taken to do the work = 12.0 hours

weight of bricks = 3500 kg

length of bricks = 1.8 m

To Find:

The average useful power output of robot is

The time taken by robot to lift bricks is

Solution: Useful power output means the electric or mechanical energy made available for use, exclusive of any such energy used in the power production process.

P = W/t

P = 5.5/12*3600

P = 0.0001 W

So, average useful power output of robot is 0.0001 W

t = W/P

W = mgh So t = mgh/P

t = 3500x10x1.8/0.0001

t = 630000000 sec

So, time taken by robot to lift bricks is 630000000 sec

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The frequency of the oscillation is (f)=  284.21Hz

To calculate the frequency we used the formula,

[tex]f=\frac{\omega}{2\pi }[/tex]

Here , we are given,

I= The peak current across an ac generator = 0.50 A.

V= The peak Voltage across an ac generator = 8.0 V.

C= The capacitance of the capacitor = 35 μf.

We have to find the angular frequency of  an ac generator [tex]\omega[/tex].

We know, The maximum charge of the generator is,

[tex]Q=CV[/tex]

Or,[tex]Q=(35\times 10^{-6}) \times 8.0[/tex]

Or, [tex]Q=28\times 10^{-5} C[/tex]

So, The maximum charge of the generator is (Q)= [tex]28\times 10^{-5} C[/tex]

Now, for the angular frequency we can write that,

[tex]I=\omega\times Q[/tex]

Or,[tex]\omega=\frac{I}{Q}[/tex]

Now we put the value of [tex]\omega[/tex] in the first equation , we can find that

[tex]f=\frac{\omega}{2\pi }[/tex]

Or,[tex]f=\frac{1}{2\pi } \times \frac{I}{Q}[/tex]          [Note: from above[tex]\omega=\frac{I}{Q}[/tex]]

Or,[tex]f=\frac{1}{2\pi } \times \frac{0.50}{28\times 10^{-5} }[/tex]

Or, [tex]f=284.21 Hz[/tex]

Therefore, from the above calculation we can conclude that the frequency of the oscillation is 284.21 Hz.

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a) U =  0 J

k = 0.383 J

E = 0.383 J

b) U = 0.0228 J

k = 0.155 J

E = 0.383 J

c) U = 0.1104 J

k = 0.272 J

E = 0.383 J

d) U = 0.248 J

k = 0.177 J

E = 0.383 J

The equations for kinetic energy is:

k= 1/2*m*[tex]v^{2}[/tex]

The equation for elastic potential energy is:

U= 1/2*ks*[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

Where,

m= mass of the block

v= velocity

ks= spring constant

x= displacement of the spring

(a)when compression= 0 cm

U= 1/2*ks*[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

U= 1/2*552*

= 0 J

Kinetic energy:

k= 1/2*m*[tex]v^{2}[/tex]

k= 1/2*(1.05)*

k= 0.383 J

Mechanical energy:

E= k + U

E= 0.383+0

E= 0.383 J

(b) spring potential = ?

U= 1/2* 457 N/m*[tex](0.01)^{2}[/tex]

U= 0.0228 J

Since the mechanical energy must remain constant, we may calculate the kinetic energy using the mechanical energy equation:

E= k + U

0.383= k + 0.0228

k= 0.383 - 0.228

k= 0.155

(c)spring constant when x= 0.02

U= 1/2*552*[tex](0.02)^{2}[/tex]

U= 0.1104 J

Using the equation of mechanical energy:

E= k +U

0.383= k+ 0.1104

k= 0.383 - 0.1104

k= 0.272 J

(d) U= 1/2*552*[tex](0.03)^{2}[/tex]

U= 0.2484 J

E= 0.383 J

k = E - U

k= 0.383- 0.206

k= 0.177

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A piece of purple plastic is charged with 3. 13×106 extra electrons compared to its neutral state, then the net electric charge in coulomb would be - 5.008×10⁻¹³ coulombs.

Charged material experiences a force when it is exposed to an electromagnetic field due to the physical property of electric charge. You can have a positive or negative electric charge (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). Unlike charges attract one another while like charges repel one another. We refer to an object as neutral if it has no net charge.

The charge on one electron is -1.6 ×10⁻¹⁹ coulomb.

Then the charge on the 3.13×10⁶ extra electrons compared to its neutral state

=-1.6×10⁻¹⁹ ×(3.13×10⁶)

As given in the problem A piece of purple plastic is charged with 3.13×10⁶ extra electrons compared to its neutral state then the net electric charge in coulombs would be - 5.008×10⁻¹³ coulombs.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is more force

Explanation:

A consequence of more mass having more inertia is that more force is required to bring the helicopter to the same speed as the bullet

I hope this helps and have a good day!

As a 4-10 solar mass star leaves the main sequence on its way to becoming a red supergiant, its luminosity: remains roughly constant.

A common unit of mass used in astronomy is the solar mass (M), which is around 2 1030 kg. It is frequently used to denote the masses of black holes, galaxies, stellar clusters, nebulae, and other objects. Its mass is comparable to that of the Sun.

A solar mass is the fundamental unit of mass used by astronomers. It makes more sense to talk about such cosmic objects in terms of solar masses rather than a much smaller measure, such as kilos, because the majority of things in space are enormous and heavy, such as stars, galaxies, and black holes.

When a moderately big star, ranging in size from 8 to 40 solar masses, runs out of hydrogen shells around the core heat up sufficiently to start fusion.n fuel, it evolves off the main sequence and switches to fusing helium in its core, resulting in the formation of a red supergiant. This causes the star's radius to increase, which lowers the star's temperature.

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The maximum frictional force in the knee joint of a person who supports 76. 0 kg of her mass on that knee 119.28N.

Given,

m=76kg, μ=0.16, g=9.81 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex]

frictional force = mμg= 76*0.16*9.81= 119.28 N

An opposing force to the relative motion of two bodies in contact is known as frictional force. Always acting in the opposite direction from the direction of motion, frictional force is applied to a moving body. Because it resists motion, it aids in lowering the moving object's speed. The force is one of touch. Four broad categories can be made for the force of friction depending on the sort of motion that occurs between the two objects. Static friction is the force of friction between an object and the surface it is put on.

What is the maximum frictional force in the knee joint of a person who supports 76. 0 kg of her mass on that knee?

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voltage across 2.0μf capacitor is 5.32v

Given:

C1=2.0μf

C2=4.0μf

since two capacitors are in series there equivalent capacitance will be

[tex] \frac{1}{c} = \frac{1}{c1} + \frac{1}{c2} [/tex]

[tex]c = \frac{c1 \times c2}{c1 + c2} [/tex]

[tex] = \frac{2 \times 4}{2 + 4} [/tex]

=1.33μf

As the capacitance of a capacitor is equal to the ratio of the stored charge to the potential difference across its plates, giving: C = Q/V, thus V = Q/C as Q is constant across all series connected capacitors, therefore the individual voltage drops across each capacitor is determined by its its capacitance value.

Q=CV

given,V=8v

[tex] = 1.33 \times 10 {}^{ - 6} \times 8[/tex]

[tex] = 10.64 \times 10 {}^{ - 6} [/tex]

charge on 2.0μf capacitor is

[tex] \frac{Qeq}{2 \times 10 {}^{ - 6} } [/tex]

[tex] = \frac{10.64 \times 10 {}^{ - 6} }{2 \times 10 {}^{ - 6} } [/tex]

=5.32v

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The three most normal units of estimation for temperature are Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

A thermometer is an instrument that measures temperature. It can gauge the temperature of a strong, for example, food, fluid like water, or gas like air.

The Celsius scale is important for the decimal measuring standard. The decimal standard of estimation additionally incorporates units of mass, like kilograms, and units of length, like kilometers. Most logical fields measure temperature utilizing the Celsius scale. Zero degrees Celsius is the edge of freezing over water, and 100 degrees Celsius is the limit of water. Three countries don't utilize the Celsius scale. The United States, Burma, and Liberia utilize the Fahrenheit scale to quantify temperature. In any case, even in these nations, researchers utilize the Celsius or kelvin scale to gauge temperature. Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and bubbles at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. The Kelvin scale is utilized by physicists and different researchers who need to record exceptionally exact temperatures. The Kelvin scale is the main unit of estimation to incorporate the temperature for "outright zero," the complete shortfall of any intensity energy.

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The shortest time in which a car could accelerate from 0 to 70 mph is 3.193 seconds.

To find the answer, we have to know more about the friction.

                          [tex]v=u+at[/tex]

                        [tex]v=70mph=31.29m/s\\1mile=1609.3m,1hour=3600s\\u=0\\k_s=1\\k_k=0.8[/tex]

                    [tex]a=g*k_s=9.8*1=9.8m/s^2[/tex]

                    [tex]t=\frac{v-u}{a} \\t=\frac{31.29}{9.8}=3.193s[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that, the shortest time in which a car could accelerate from 0 to 70 mph is 3.193 seconds.

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(a) The gravitational force received by each 1 kg mass is 8.66 N.

(b) The magnitude of gravitational acceleration is 8.66 m/s².

(c) The orbital speed of the ISS is  7,663.6 m/s.

(d) The time take  for the ISS to orbit round the Earth is 5,558.75 s = 1.54 hours.

The gravitational force received by each 1 kg mass is calculated as follows;

F = Gm₁m₂/r²

where;

F = (6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ x 5.97 x 10²⁴ x 1) / (6780,000)²

F = 8.66 N

mg = GMm/r²

g = GM/r²

where;

g = (6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ x 5.97 x 10²⁴ ) / (6780,000)²

g = 8.66 m/s²

v = √GM/r

v = √(6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ x 5.97 x 10²⁴  / 6780,000)

v = 7,663.6 m/s

T = 2πr/v

T = (2π x 6780,000) / (7663.6)

T = 5,558.75 seconds

1 hour = 3600 seconds

=  5,558.75/3600

= 1.54 hours

Thus, the gravitational force received by each 1 kg mass is 8.66 N.

The magnitude of gravitational acceleration is 8.66 m/s².

The orbital speed of the ISS is  7,663.6 m/s.

The time take  for the ISS to orbit round the Earth is 5,558.75 s = 1.54 hours.

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The frequency of the wave is given as 2.5 * 10^9 Hz.

The term wavelength is the distance that is covered by a wave. It is also referred to as the distance between two successive crests or two successive troughs. It can also be defined as half of the distance between two nodes.

Now nodes are the points in which there is no movement while antinodes are the points in which there is movement.

Given that;

c = λf

c = speed of light =  3 * 10^8 m/s

λ = 2(6cm) = 12 cm or 12 * 10^-2 m

f = ??

Thus;

f = c/ λ

f =  3 * 10^8 m/s/12 * 10^-2 m

f = 2.5 * 10^9 Hz

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The answer is d) 20 m.

The depth of pond is 20 m if it seems to be 10 m.

The formula relating real depth and app. depth :

[tex]\boxed {A = \frac{R}{n}}}[/tex]

In this case, refractive index has to be an whole number for real depth to give a whole number for app. depth.

The unit vectors along the three co-ordinate axes are described as. i > j > k > 1. is D. i = j = k = 1

A vector that has a volume of 1 is a unit vector. It is also known as a direction vector because it is generally used to denote the direction of a vector. The vectors i, j, k, stand the unit vectors along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis respectively.

There are three essential unit vectors which are commonly employed and these are the vectors in the direction of the x, y and z-axes. The unit vector in the direction of the x-axis is i, the unit vector in the direction of the y-axis is j and the unit vector in the demand of the z-axis is k.

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