The number of electrons present in the nonbonding π molecular orbital of the allyl anion is 4 electrons . 2 in the pi bond of the allyl ion and the other two will be present as a lone pair on the carbon atom.
What is a nonbonding π molecular orbital?It is a type of orbital that does not affect the bond order or bond length and the bond order of the molecule and does not affect its energy too.
In allyl anion allyl anion occupies 4 pi electrons and ψ2 is the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital whereas ψ3* is the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
Therefore, the number of electrons present in the nonbonding π molecular orbital of the allyl anion is 4 electrons . 2 in the pi bond of the allyl ion and the other two will be present as a lone pair in on the carbon atom.
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A bug walking on the surface of a puddle is depending on what property of water? high surface tension because of the attraction between water molecules capillary action of water molecules to narrow objects such as bug legs low density of liquid water because of the bent molecular shape adhesion of water molecules to nonpolar structures such as hair and skin
High surface tension because of the attraction between water molecules helps bugs walk on the surface of the water.
How does surface tension help insects walk on water surface?Surface tension is important for insects that walk on water. They would sink without it. When compared to air molecules, water molecules are more strongly attracted to one another. Due to cohesion, this makes them attract and cling to one another strongly in a body of water. The water molecules between the molecules at the water's surface are more strongly attracted to one another because they do not have water molecules surrounding them on all sides.
As a result, there is an inward force that forms a "film" at the surface and causes the water to act as though a thin membrane were covering it. Surface tension is the term for this phenomena.
Surface tension can be used to the advantage of some insect and spider species. They don't break the water's surface when they stand on it because their negligible weight is insufficient to dissipate the force of surface tension. Instead, they make dimples or indentations in the surface with their feet, which rebound to move the insect ahead. This enables them to move swiftly over ponds, lakes, and rivers in search of prey.
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When a known quantity of compound, at a known concentration, is added to a known volume of another compound to determine the concentration of the latter, the process is referred to as?
A titration is a method for figuring out the concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution with known concentration.
What is Titration?
Titration, commonly referred to as titrimetry, is a quantitative analysis technique that enables chemists to estimate the quantities of specific chemicals in a sample that are unknown.
A known volume of one solution of known concentration (referred to as a titrant) is slowly added to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration (referred to as analyte) throughout the basic titration procedure until the reaction reaches neutralization.
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Assuming an experimental value of enthalpy of –655 kj/mol and a true value of –603, what is the percent error of the experiment? use a calculator and round to the nearest hundredth as well as the absolute value of the percentage. %
8.62%
8.62% is the percent error of the experiment.
Rounding to the nearest hundredth value will be 8.620.
Determine the difference between the figures provided and divide by the actual value to find the percent error.(-655 - -603)/(-603) = 0.0862
Multiply by 100%,
(0.0862) x 100% = 8.62%
What is percent error?The percent error is the difference between the estimated value and the actual value in relation to the actual value.
What does percent error enable us to establish?Error margins are easily understood when expressed as a percentage. It reveals the size of the inaccuracy. A 3-percent error value, for example, indicates that your measured number is quite near to the true amount. A 50% margin, however, indicates that your measurement is far from the true number.The significance of percentage errorWhen you measure something in an experiment, the percentage of mistakes indicates the size of your errors. Greater proximity to the accepted or genuine value is indicated by smaller values.To learn more about percent error visit:
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A sample of 7.70 l of nh3 (ammonia) gas at 22 ∘c and 735 torr is bubbled into a 0.250 l solution of 0.400 mol l−1 hcl (hydrochloric acid). the kb value for nh3 is 1.8×10−5. part a assuming all the nh3 dissolves and that the volume of the solution remains at 0.250 l , calculate the ph of the resulting solution. express your answer numerically to two decimal places. view available hint(s)
The pH of the solution is 9.14
For ammonia:To calculate the amount of hydrogen gas collected, we use the equation given by ideal gas which follows:
PV = nRT
P= Pressure of the gas = 735 torr
V= volume of the gas = 7.70 l
T= Temperature of the gas= 22°C (22+273K) = 295K
R= Gas constant= 62.364 L torr/mol/K
n = number of moles of ammonia = ?
By substituting the values in the above equation, we get:
735×7.70 = n × 62.364 × 295
5659.5 = n × 18397.38
n= 5659.5/18397.38
n= 0.3076
For hydrochloric acid:To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:
Molarity of the solution = [tex]\frac{moles of solute}{volume of solution}[/tex]
Molarity of hydrochloric acid = 0.400 M
Volume of solution = 0.250 L
Putting values in above equation, we get:
0.400= moles of solute/0.250
moles of hydrochloric acid = 0.1 mol
The chemical reaction for ethylamine and HCl follows the equation:
NH3+HCl---> NH4Cl
Initial: 0.316 0.18
Final: 0.136 - 0.18
volume of the solution = 0.250 l
To calculate the pOH of basic buffer, we use the equation given by Henderson Hasselbalch:
pOH = pKb + log([tex]\frac{salt}{base}[/tex])
pOH = pKb + log([tex]\frac{NH4Cl}{NH3}[/tex])
it is given:
pKb = negative logarithm of base dissociation constant of ammonia =
-log(1.8 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex]) = 4.74
[NH4Cl] = 0.18/0.450
[NH3] = 0.136/0.450
On substituting the values we get,
pOH= 4.74 + log ([tex]\frac{0.18/0.250}{0.136/0.250}[/tex])
pOH = 4.74 + 0.12
pOH= 4.86
pH + pOH= 14
pH= 14-pOH
= 14-4.86
pH = 9.14
pH of the solution = 9.14
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GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
(if answer is correct and with explanation)
How could you tell a Ca(NO3)2 solution from a Zn(NO3)2 solution?
Answer:
you better give me brainliest
Explanation:
Zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate solution can be distinguished by reaction with ammonium hydroxide. Zinc forms a white gelatinous ppt. whereas there is no precipitation of calcium hydroxide even with excess of ammonium hydroxide
Which atom absorbs more energy- one in which an electron moves from the the second shell to the third shell, or an atom which an electron moves from the first to the third shell?
An atom which an electron moves from the first to the third shell atom absorbs more energy.
An atoms may occupy different energy states . The energy states are discrete , that means they occur at specific values only. Therefore an atom can only move to a new energy level if it absorbs or emits an amount of energy that exactly corresponds to the difference between two energy levels.
The lowest possible energy levels that the atom can occupy is called ground state.The energy levels which is higher to the ground state is called excited state.
The more energy absorb when electron move from first to third because in this second energy level have to pass to reach at third energy level.
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Generating a rate law is complicated when the rate-determining step is preceded by a?
By generating a rate law is complicated when the rate-determining step is preceded by 'a' is a Equilibrium reaction.
What is rate law?The rate law shows about the rate of chemical reaction depends on reactant concentration.
According to rate law, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reaction which is raised to a stiochiometric coefficient which is determined experimentally.
Thus, from above we concluded that if the preceding reaction is an equilibrium, that compromises the simplicity of writing the rate law from the stiochiometry of the rate determining step will be used up in the reverse reaction of the equilibrium.
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How many moles of h2o are produced in neutralization when 1. 5 mole of mg(oh)2 reacts with h2so4?
There are 3 moles of [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] are produced in neutralization when 1. 5 mole of [tex]Mg(OH)_{2}[/tex] reacts with [tex]H_{2} SO_{4[/tex]
The neutralization reaction between magnesium hydroxide and sulfuric acid is given as,
[tex]Mg(OH)_{2} + H_{2} SO_{4[/tex] → [tex]MgSO_{4} + 2H_{2} O[/tex]
from above chemical equation , we can conclude the molar ratio = 1:2
It means two moles of water molecule is produce from one mole of magnesium hydroxide.
So, number of moles of water molecules produced from 1. 5 mole of magnesium hydroxide = 1. 5 mole× 2 = 3 moles
Therefore, number of moles of water molecules produced from 1. 5 mole of magnesium hydroxide is 3 moles.
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During an experiment a thermometer was placed in a beaker containing hydrogen peroxide. The following observations were recorded when yeast granules were added to hydrogen peroxide.
Observation 1: Fizzing and bubbling took place.
Observation 2: The temperature began to rise.
Based on the observation, justify the type of change (physical or chemical) that took place
The states of matter change to produce the same or the new substance. When yeast is added to hydrogen peroxide bubble of carbon dioxide is formed which indicates chemical change.
What is a chemical change?A chemical change is the formation of a new substance by the chemical alterations in the reactants. The yeast releases products of cellular respiration that react with hydrogen peroxide.
The reaction is exothermic as it releases heat and increases the temperature when measured by the thermometer. The Fizzing and bubbling occur when carbon dioxide reacts with H₂O₂ to produce a new substance.
Therefore, addition of yeast to hydrogen peroxide is a chemical change.
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Answer:
The type of change that took place is most likely a chemical change, due to the recordable reactivity of the hydrogen peroxide to the yeast granules in the experiment.
Explanation:
As stated in the question, the hydrogen peroxide started fizzing and bubbling in reaction to the yeast granules, which is already a sign of a chemical change. The question also states that there was an increase in temperature. This is another sign of a chemical change. Hope this helped (;
How many moles are in 25.3 grams of SO 3?
A.
3.16
B.
0.316
C.
2 020
D.
105
Answer:
B.) 0.316
Explanation:
To find the moles, you need to multiply the given value by the molar mass. The molar mass is made up of each element's atomic mass times their quantities. It is important to arrange the conversion in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Atomic Mass (S): 32.065 g/mol
Atomic Mass (O): 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass (SO₃): 32.065 g/mol + 3(15.998 g/mol)
Molar Mass (SO₃): 80.059 g/mol
25.3 grams SO₃ 1 mole
------------------------- x ------------------------- = 0.316 moles SO₃
80.059 grams
A 26-meter-tall statue of buddha in tibet is covered with
279 kg of gold. if the gold was applied to a thickness of
0.0015 mm, what surface area is covered in square
meters)? (gold density = 19.3 g/cm)
0.014559 g/cm³ is the surface area that covered in square.
Definition of surface area -
To recall, the surface area of an object is the total area of the outside surfaces of the three-dimensional object i.e, the total sum of the area of the faces of the object. It is measured in terms of square units. The amount of area covered by the surface of something. The lake has roughly the same surface area as 10 football fields.The surface area is calculated as -
Conversion of units -
[tex]26 m * \frac{100 cm}{1 m} = 2600 cm[/tex]
[tex]279 kg * \frac{1g}{1000 kg} = 0.279 g[/tex]
[tex]0.0015 mm * \frac{0.1 cm}{1mm} = 0.00015 cm[/tex]
Now we use formula for volume -
[tex]Volume = \frac{mass}{density}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{0.279 g}{19.3 g/ cm^{3} }[/tex]
= 0.014559 g/cm³
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How many coulombs passed through the solution if 11. 5 a of current was applied for 4. 00 h?
There are 165600 coulombs passed through the solution if 11. 5 A of current was applied for 4. 00 h.
Calculation,
Formula used :
Q = It
Where Q = charge passing through the solution = ?
I = current passed through the solution = 11. 5 A
and , t = time = 4. 00 h
Putting the value of current , and time
Q = 11. 5×4. 00 h =11. 5× 46×3600 A×s = 165600 coulombs
The SI unit of charge is coulombs.
The SI unit of current is ampere.
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Changes in the composition of the atmosphere have caused gradual changes in earth's _______ throughout history, causing changes in plant and animal life that contributed to mass extinctions.
climate
Changes in the composition of the atmosphere have caused gradual changes in earth's climate throughout history, causing changes in plant and animal life that contributed to mass extinctions.
The following are some of the reasons:
UV lightclimatepollutantshydrofluorocarbonsheat
The surface of the Earth warms up as sunlight strikes it. Surface-emitted infrared light is absorbed in the atmosphere and transformed into heat. The temperature close to the surface rises as a result of this heat being trapped in the atmosphere.UV light:indirect impacts of climate change on UV radiation from the surface. By changing the concentrations of ozone, UV-absorbing tropospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds in the atmosphere, climate change may have indirectly affected UV radiation levels in the past. These influences are probably going to persist in the future.climate:People are at risk from food and water shortages, greater flooding, high heat, an increase in disease, and economic loss due to climate change. Conflict and human migration are potential outcomes. Climate change is the top hazard to world health in the twenty-first century, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).pollutants:these are also resulting in the increase of temperature of the Earth and is also damaging ozone layer.To learn more about the changes in earth visit:
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The complex ion [cobr6]3− is a high-spin complex and absorbs light at a wavelength greater than 7. 70×102 nm. how many unpaired electrons will be present in the complex?
There are four unpaired electrons present in the complex ion [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-[/tex]
What is Crystal Field Theory (CFT)?CFT explains the breaking of orbital degeneracy in the transition metal complexes because of the presence of the ligands. It describes the strength of the metal-ligand bondsThere are two types of ligands - weak field ligands and strong field ligandsWeak field ligands form high spin complexes and strong field ligands form low spin complexesHigh spin complexes have more number of unpaired electrons Low spin complexes have less or zero unpaired electronsA complex ion [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-[/tex] is an octahedral complex. Co is the central atom to which 6 Br atoms are attached. Br is a weak field ligand and forms a high spin complex.
Electronic configuration of Co - [tex][Ar] 3d^7 4s^2[/tex]
Electronic configuration of [tex]Co^3^+ \rightarrow [Ar] 3d^6[/tex]
Electronic configuration of [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-\\[/tex] - [tex]t_2_g^4 e_g^2[/tex]
Hence, there are 4 unpaired electrons present in the complex ion [tex][CoBr_6]^3^-[/tex] .
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The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 grams. What is the percent yield?
The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 grams. The percent yield of the reaction is 56 %.
What is Theoretical yield and Actual Yield ?The amount can be produced from the correct computation is called Theoretical Yield.
The actual amount which is produced in the experiment is called Actual Yield.
How to calculate the percentage yield ?To calculate the percentage yield use the formula
[tex]\text{Percentage Yield} = \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \times 100 \%[/tex]
Here,
Actual yield = 42 grams
Theoretical yield = 75 grams
Put the value in above expression we get
[tex]\text{Percentage Yield} = \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \times 100 \%[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{42\ g}{75\ g} \times 100 \%[/tex]
= 56 %
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 grams. The percent yield of the reaction is 56 %.
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The conversion of the fatty acid palmitate (c16) to carbon dioxide via β-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation yield approximately ____ atp equivalents
The conversion of the fatty acid palmitate (C-16) to carbon dioxide via β-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation yield approximately 106 atp equivalents.
The most prevalent kind of fatty acid with sixteen carbon atoms without carbon-carbon double bonds would be palmitic acid. There must be a maximum of seven cycles of beta-oxidation in order to totally degrade the fatty acid. 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, 7 NADH molecules, with 7 FADH2 molecules are produced as a result of this.
The primary enzyme, CAT-1, catalyzes the production of acylcarnitine carnitine, which provides the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation.
Therefore, the conversion of the fatty acid palmitate (C-16) to carbon dioxide via β-oxidation, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation yield approximately 106 atp equivalents.
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Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, how much energy is released when they recombine?.
The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.
How much energy is released when water is formed and split?The decomposition of water:
H₂O → H₂ + O₂ Δ = +285.8 kJ/mol
The formation of water:
H₂ + O₂ → H₂O Δ = -285.8 kJ/mol
Endothermic water decomposition requires 285.8 kJ of energy input per mole of degraded water. One mole of water is created from hydrogen and oxygen in the opposite reaction, which is exothermic and produces 285.8 kJ of energy. The energy level is the same, but the energy change sign is different.
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How does the valency of an element show its reactiveness in a chemical reaction
Answer:
Within each group of metals, reactivity increases as you go down the group. The valence electrons are less tightly bound and easier to remove, because they are farther away from the nucleus of the atom. A nonmetal tends to attract additional valence electrons to attain a full valence shell.
Hope it's helpful to you
A 4.0 mg/dl creatinine standard is needed. to prepare 100 ml of the working standard. How much stock standard of 1 mg/ml creatinine is needed?
4 ml stock is needed for the standard of 1 mg/ml creatinine if a 4.0 mg/dl creatinine standard is needed to prepare 100 ml of the working standard.
Your muscles produce creatinine as a waste product during routine, everyday action. In a typical state, your kidneys remove creatinine from your blood and excrete it in urine. Creatinine can accumulate in the blood and less creatinine will be excreted in the urine if there is an issue with your kidneys.
A high amount of creatinine in the blood or urine may indicate that the kidneys are not doing a good job of filtering the blood. Although high creatinine levels do not pose a life-threatening hazard, they may be a sign of a major health problem, such as chronic renal disease.
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Liquid 1 reacts with liquid 2, producing a solid and a gas. using this scenario, which supports the law of conservation of mass? mass of liquid 1 mass of solid = mass of liquid 2 mass of gas mass of liquid 1 – mass of solid = mass of liquid 2 – mass of gas mass of liquid 1 – mass of liquid 2 = mass of solid mass of gas mass of liquid 1 mass of liquid 2 = mass of solid mass of gas
mass of Liquid 1 + mass of solid = mass of Liquid 2 + mass of gas mass of Liquid
The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as system's mass cannot change, so quantity cannot be added nor removed. Hence, the quantity of mass is conserved over time.
What is Law of conservation of mass ?According to the rule of conservation of mass, mass is neither generated nor destroyed during a chemical process. For instance, when coal is burned, the carbon atom in it transforms into carbon dioxide. The carbon atom transforms from a solid to a gas, yet its mass remains constant.
The understanding that substances do not actually vanish as a result of a reaction, despite what might appear to be the case, but rather change into another material of equal mass, was made possible by the law of conservation of mass, which was essential to the development of chemistry.Learn more about Law of conservation of mass here:
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What is the study of living things called?
OA. Earth science
O B. Physics
O C. Chemistry
O D. Biology
Answer:
D
Explain:
Biology because normally everyone just studies under it so that is my answer for you i hope its right.
What is the equilibrium vapor pressure of diethyl ether and ethanol at room temperature (approximately 20 °c)?
The equilibrium vapour pressure of diethyl ether and ethanol at room temperature or at 20°C is 442mm and 5.95kPa.
What is vapour PressureThe pressure exerted by gas in equilibrium state with a solid or liquid in container at a given temperature is termed as vapour pressure.
.Factor affecting vapour pressure:-
Surface area:
The surface area of solid of liquid which is in contact with the gas do not much affect the vapour pressure.
Type of molecules:
Greater the intermolecular face small will be smaller will be vapour pressure, if lesser the force then greater will be the vapour pressure.
Temperature:
At high temp.,more molecules has enough energy to escape from the liquid or solide. At lower temp. feuer molecule escape enhance lesser tha vapour pressure.
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What type of response to chemical exposure is an immediate or rapid harmful reaction?.
An acute effect is an immediate or rapid harmful reaction to a exposure.
A chronic effect is a permanent/ long-lasting consequence from exposure to a single dose or to repeated lower doses of a harmful substance.
What is an acute effect?
Acute (short-term) effects show up immediately or soon after exposure to the chemical. They may be minor, like nose or throat irritation, or they could be serious, like eye damage or passing out from chemical vapors. It is an adverse effect on a human or animal body, with severe symptoms developing rapidly and coming quickly to a crisis.
What is a acute effect example?
Examples of acute health effects include dizziness, skin irritation, and throat irritation. Keep in mind that a chemical may cause both acute and chronic effects.
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I NEED HELP FOR THIS QUESTION ASAP
Explanation:
I've been having this problem, the pins you guys give on your question don't really load for me?Arrange the procedural steps, from start to finish, that are required to prepare indigo from nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone in base, and then test its ability as a dye.
Acetone has α-hydrogens (on both sides) and thus can be deprotonated to give a nucleophilic enolate anion. The aldehyde carbonyl is much more electrophilic than that of a ketone, and therefore reacts rapidly with the enolate.
What is nitrobenzaldehyde?Synthesis. The synthesis of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde is achieved via nitration of benzaldehyde, which yields especially the meta-isomer. Creation allocation is about 19% for the ortho-, 72% for the meta- and 9% for the para isomers.Acetone, propanone, or dimethyl ketone, is an organic combination with the formula (CH3)2CO. It is the easiest and smallest ketone. It is a colorless, highly volatile, and combustible liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor.Nitration of benzene with conc nitric acid and conc sulphuric acid gives nitrobenzene. Chlorination with chlorine in the existence of anhydrous aluminum chloride gives meta nitro chlorobenzene.To learn more about sulphuric acid, refer to:
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If we combine the reaction of an acid protonating water and the reaction of its conjugate base deprotonating water, the net reaction after canceling common terms is:_________
After eliminating common terms, the net reaction occurs when we combine the reactions of an acid protonating water and its conjugate base deprotonating water is the autoionization of water.
What is the autoionization of water?The autoionization of water demonstrates that water can react with itself because acids and bases should interact with one another.
Here, the sound should be strange. Additionally, the water molecules should experience a small degree of proton exchange.
Thus, the correct option is c. The autoionization of water.
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The question is complete. Your complete question is given below:
a. The acid-base reaction between the acid and its conjugate base.
b. The synthesis of a complex between the acid and its conjugate base.
c. The autoionization of water.
d. None of the above.
What is the standard potential, e∘celle∘cell, for this galvanic cell? use the given standard reduction potentials in your calculation as appropriate
0.56 V is the standard potential, e∘cell∘, for this galvanic cell.
The standard reduction potential can be calculated by subtracting the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the cathode from the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the anode. The minus sign is necessary because oxidation is the polar opposite of reduction. The total cell potential can be calculated using the formula E0cell=E0red+E0oxid. Step two is to find a solution. Before the two reactions may be integrated, the number of electrons gained in the reduction must match the number of electrons lost in the oxidation
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#4204.
The standard potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.477 V
What is electrode potential?The electrode potential is the electromotive force of a galvanic cell built using a standard reference electrode and another electrode whose potential is to be found.
There are two types of electrode potential
Oxidation potential - The potential associated with oxidation reaction is known as oxidation potential
Reduction potential - The potential associated with reduction reaction is known as reduction potential
At the anode, oxidation occurs
[tex]Sn(s)\rightarrow Sn^{2+}(aq)+2e^-[/tex]
At the cathode, reduction occurs
[tex]Cu^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Cu(s)[/tex]
[tex]E^o_{cell} =E^o_{cathode} -E^o_{anode}[/tex]
= 0.337 - (-0.140)
= 0.477 V
Thus, The standard potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.477 V
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question
Question: What is the standard potential, E∘cell, for this galvanic cell? Use the given standard reduction potentials in your calculation as appropriate.
[tex]Sn^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Sn(s)[/tex], E°red=−0.140 V
[tex]Cu^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Cu(s)[/tex], E°red=+0.337 V
Succinic acid is often found in high levels in tumors or biofluids surrounding tumors. it is a weak acid with a pka of 4. 21. what is the ph of a 0. 250 m solution of succinic acid?
The pH of a 0.250m solution of succinic acid is 2.42.
What is succinic acid?Succinic acid is one of the naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid having four carbon, which is produced by LPG.
It can be used in many chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Given,
pKa = 4.21
As we know that,
pKa = - logKa
4.21 = -logKa
Ka = antilog(-4.21)
Ka = 6.1 × 10^(-5)
Now, let the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = x
Ka = [H+] [A-] /[HA]
6.1 × 10^(-5) = x^2/ (0.25-x)
x^2 = 1.52 × 10^(-5)
x = 3.89 × 10^(-3)
Thus, the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = 3.89 × 10^(-3).
Now, we will calculate the value of pH
pH = - log[H+]
pH = -log(3.89 × 10^(-3))
pH = 2.42
Thus, we found that the pH of the given solution is 2.42.
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Calculate the standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25 ∘c. refer to the list of standard reduction potentials. 2au3 (aq) 3cr(s)↽−−⇀2au(s) 3cr2 (aq)
The standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25°C is 92640 KJ.
The change in free energy that happens when a compound is created from its constituent parts in their most thermodynamically stable states under standard-state circumstances is known as the standard-state free energy of creation.
There are 6 electrons transferred. The anode half-reaction produces 6 electrons while the cathode half-reaction uses 6 electrons.
For these types of reactions always write out the half-reactions and the appropriate oxidation numbers.
6 electrons are transferred as Au³+ has an oxidation number of 3+ and Au has an oxidation number of 0. 3 electrons are gained for each Au³+ and there are 2 Au³+ in the equation
[tex]2Au^3 (aq) +3cr(s)[/tex] ↽−−⇀ [tex]2Au(s) +3Cr^2[/tex]
Same for Cr to Cr2+ because there are 3 moles of it.
So, n = 6.
F = 96500 J/(V*mol)
where F is faraday's constant.
n = moles of electrons are transferred in this reaction.
Standard emf of the cell, E = cathode - anode.
= 1.49 - 1.33
= 0.16
Using the equation,
ΔG = -nFE
= 6 × 96500 × 0.16
= 92640 KJ
Therefore, the standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25°C is 92640 KJ.
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Each individual candy/isotope is the same and will take the same amount of time to decay.
a. true
b. false
It is false that ' Each individual candy/isotope is the same and will take the same amount of time to decay ' .
It is impossible to predict when an individual radioactive atom will decay .
The formula of half life day does not describe the exact amount of time that is every single atom experience before became right. The nuclear reaction follows first order kinetics and have rate constant which is independent of temperature.
The atoms of the same elements , having the same atomic number but different mass numbers is called isotopes .
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