how do scientists believe that chloroplasts got into photosynthetic cells? ​

Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, [H₃O⁺] will be 1×10⁻³ M.

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.

The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:

pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]

Similarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:

pOH= - log [OH⁻]

The following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:

pOH + pH= 14

In this case, you know that [OH⁻]= 1×10⁻¹¹ M.

Replacing in the definition of pOH, it is calculated as:

pOH= - log (1×10⁻¹¹ M)

Solving;

pOH= 11

Replacing in the relationship established between pH and pOH, the pH can be calculated as:

pH + 11= 14

Solving:

pH= 14 - 11

pOH= 3

Replacing in the definition of pH the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions is obtained:

- log [H₃O⁺]= 3

Solving:

[H₃O⁺]= 10⁻³

[H₃O⁺]= 1×10⁻³ M

In summary, [H₃O⁺] will be 1×10⁻³ M.

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pKa value =4.76Ka

=1.73×10 −5 !!    PH=4−PKa=14−4.76=9.24 for a weak monoprotic acid is titrated with 0.100 M NaOH. It requires 50.0 mL of the NaOH solution to reach the equivalence point. After 25.0 mL of the base is added, the pH of the solution is 3.52.

One way to describe an acid's potency is by its pKa value. The acid dissociation constant, or pKa, is the negative log of the pKa value. A stronger acid is indicated by a lower pKa value. In other words, a lower value means that the acid dissociates in water more completely.

The logarithm of Ka's negative value is denoted as pKa. The logarithmic inverse of the H+ concentration is pH. Acidity indication. An acid's pKa value tells you if it's a strong acid or a weak acid. The pH scale shows how acidic or alkaline a system is.

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To being my discussion, I claim that a new atomic model should always build on an old one with the following reasons of mine. That is option B.

An atomic model is a model that describes how the interior of an atom looks like. This first atomic model was developed by William Thomson.

To start my discussion, I claim that a new atomic model should always build on an old one with the following reasons of mine:

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Answer:

Molarity = 0.037 M

pH = 1.43

Explanation:

First, you need to calculate the molarity. After converting mL to L, you can plug the values into the molarity equation and simplify.

2,000 mL / 1,000 = 2 L

Molarity (M) = moles / volume (L)

Molarity = 0.074 moles / 2 L

Molarity = 0.037 M

You can plug the molarity of the hydrogen ion into the pH equation to find the pH. Remember that H₃O⁺ and H⁺ can be considered the same thing. Since HCl dissociates into just one H⁺ and one Cl⁻, the molarity of the HCl solution is the same as the molarity of the H⁺.

pH = -log[H⁺]

pH = -log[0.037]

pH = 1.43

Answer:

Disaccharide

Explanation:

When two monomers combine, a disaccharide is formed. Also, the prefix "di" is two therefore the answer must be a disaccharide

Answer:

6530 J

Explanation:

To find the value of "Q", you need to use the following equation:

Q = mcΔT

In this equation,

-----> Q = energy/heat (J)

-----> m = mass (g)

-----> c = specific heat capacity (J/g°C)

-----> ΔT = change in temperature (°C)

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.182 J/g°C. You can plug the given values into the equation and solve for "Q". The final answer should have 3 significant figures because the lowest number of sig figs among the given values is 3.

Q = ? J                             c = 4.182 J/g°C

m = 22.0 g                      ΔT = 100.0 °C - 29.0 °C = 71.0 °C

Q = mcΔT

Q = (22.0 g)(4.182 J/g°C)(71.0 °C)

Q = 6530 J

Approximately 6461.9 joules of heat are required to heat 22.0 g of water from 29.0°C to 100.0°C.

Given:

mass of water, m = 22.0 g

Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.184 J/g°C

Change in temperature, ΔT= 100.0°C - 29.0°C = 71.0°C

The formula for the heat absorbed or released during a temperature change:

q = m × c ×ΔT

where:

q = heat (in joules, J)

m = mass of the substance (in grams, g)

c = specific heat capacity of the substance (in J/g°C)

ΔT = change in temperature (in °C)

For water, the specific heat capacity is approximately 4.184 J/g°C.

Putting the values into the formula and calculating q:

q = 22.0 g × 4.184 J/g°C ×71.0°C

q ≈ 6461.9 J

Thus, approximately 6461.928 joules of heat are required.

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The boiling point of plain water is less than the boiling point of both salt and sugar water.

Boiling point can be defined as the point when the pressure exerted by the surroundings upon a liquid is equal to the pressure exerted by the vapour of the liquid.

The boiling point of plain water is 100°C which increases upon addition of solute substances such as salt and sugar.

But salts are usually made up of ionic bonds while sugar are made up of covalent bonds. This means that more energy would be required to boil salt solution due to its ionic bonds.

Therefore, the boiling point of salt water is highest following sugar water before plain water which is the lowest.

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Answer:

D.) Shift to the right to produce more product

Explanation:

When more reactants are added to a reaction, the equilibrium will shift to the product side to restore the balance.

As such, when H₂ (a reactant) is added, the reaction will shift to the product side, resulting in an increase of NH₃.

Answer:

The cell membrane is protective layer surrounding a cell.

Answer:

options D is correct

....hope it helps you

answer = 9.96x10^-3

I hope that help you

The new pressure of the gas would be = 2.1 atm.

The initial temperature of the gas(T1) = 20°C

The final temperature of the gas(T2)= 35°C

The volume= constant

The Original pressure (P1) = 1.2atm

The new pressure (P2) =?

Using the gas law P1/T1 = P2/T2

Make P2 the subject of formula;

P2= P1×T2/T1

P2= 1.2 × 35/20

P2= 42/20

P2= 2.1 atm

Therefore, the new pressure of the gas would be = 2.1 atm.

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Answer:

1.12 g CaCl₂

Explanation:

To find the mass of calcium chloride, you need to (1) convert grams KCl to moles KCl (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles KCl to moles CaCl₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles CaCl₂ to grams CaCl₂ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value.

Molar Mass (KCl): 39.098 g/mol + 35.453 g/mol

Molar Mass (KCl): 74.551 g/mol

Molar Mass (CaCl₂): 40.078 g/mol + 2(35.453 g/mol)

Molar Mass (CaCl₂): 110.984 g/mol

1 CaCl₂(aq) + K₂CO₃(aq) -----> 2 KCl(aq) + CaCO₃(aq)

1.50 g KCl            1 mole              1 mole CaCl₂           110.984 g
-----------------  x  -----------------  x  -----------------------  x  ------------------  =
                           74.551  g           2 moles KCl              1 mole

=  1.12 g CaCl₂

The correct number of significant figures gotten from the result of (329.5/0.45)-23.2 is infinite because there is no uncertain digit as a result of the answer being 709.022222222 when calculated.

These refers to the digits which contributes to the degree of accuracy of a value and is usually counted starting from the non zero digits. In cases where the zero is between other numbers it is regarded as being significant such as 70.0111 in which the number of significant figures is six.

The result gotten from the expression (329.5/0.45)-23.2 is 709.022222222 which has a recurring decimal thereby making it difficult to calculate the number of recurring decimal.

Therefore it has infinitely many significant figures because there is no uncertain digit.

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Answer: D. They are slippery.

Explanation:

         Only one of the following is a property of bases. This is option D, they are slippery. Bases usually feel slippery, which can also be described as "soapy." Many soaps, shampoos, detergents, etc contain bases.

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The correct answer choice which best describes how an ionic compound dissolves in water is that It breaks into its individual ions and is an electrolyte.

Option B is the correct answer

This is type of chemical bonding which involves the transfer of valence electron from a metallic element to a non-metallic element

So therefore, The correct answer choice which best describes how an ionic compound dissolves in water is that It breaks into its individual ions and is an electrolyte.

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The vapor pressure is obtained as 23.47 torr.

Given that; p = x1p°

p = vapor pressure of the solution

x1 = mole fraction of the solvent

p° = vapor pressure of the pure solvent

Δp = p°(1 - x1)

Δp =x2p°

Δp =  vapor pressure lowering

x2 = mole fraction of the  of the solute

Number of moles of  glycerol =  32.5 g/92 g/mol = 0.35 moles

Number of moles  of water = 500.0 g/18 g/mol = 27.8 moles

Total number of moles = 0.35 moles + 27.8 moles = 28.15 moles

Mole fraction of glycerol = 0.35 moles/28.15 moles = 0.012

Mole fraction of water = 27.8 moles/28.15 moles =0.99

Δp =  0.012 * 23.76 torr

Δp =  0.285 torr

p1 = p° - Δp

p1 = 23.76 torr -  0.285 torr

p1 = 23.47 torr

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Answer:

0.00688 moles

Explanation:

The molarity ratio looks like this:

Molarity = moles / volume (L)

After you convert mL to L, you can plug the values into the equation and simplify to find moles.

27.5 mL / 1,000 = 0.0275 L

Molarity = moles / volume                         <----- Molarity ratio

0.250 M = moles / 0.0275 L                      <----- Insert values

0.00688 = moles                                       <----- Multiply both sides by 0.0275

Fe is undergoing oxidation while S is undergoing reduction

Oxidation-reduction reaction can simply be defined as a special type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change. Oxidation is the

So therefore, Fe is undergoing oxidation while S is undergoing reduction

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Answer:

A.) 4.0

Explanation:

The general equilibrium expression looks like this:

[tex]K = \frac{[C]^{c} [D]^{d} }{[A]^{a} [B]^{b} }[/tex]

In this expression,

-----> K = equilibrium constant

-----> uppercase letters = molarity

-----> lowercase letters = balanced equation coefficients

In this case, the molarity's do not need to be raised to any numbers because the coefficients in the balanced equation are all 1. You can find the constant by plugging the given molarities into the equation and simplifying.

[tex]K = \frac{[C]^{c} [D]^{d} }{[A]^{a} [B]^{b} }[/tex]                                       <----- Equilibrium expression

[tex]K = \frac{[2 M] [2 M]}{[1 M] [1 M] }[/tex]                                     <----- Insert molarities

[tex]K = \frac{4}{1 }[/tex]                                                <----- Multiply

[tex]K = 4[/tex]                                                <----- Divide

Answer:

to launch aerials and also causes the explosions necessary for special effects like noise or colored light.

Explanation:

[tex] \large \underline{ \boxed{ \tt \red{Pounds \: per \: square \: inch}}}[/tex]

[tex] \: \: \: [/tex]

( PSI ) is a measurement of pressure in the Imperial system of measurement.

[tex] \: \: \: [/tex]

hope helps ~

Answer:

THERE IS NO  such compound

Explanation:

Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heat, the heat needed to melt 10.0 grams of ice at -10°C until it is water at 10°C is 3,969.5 J.

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).

In this case, the amount of heat a body receives or transmits is determined by:

Q = c× m× ΔT

where:

Latent heat is defined as the energy required by a quantity of substance to change state.

When this change consists of changing from a solid to a liquid phase, it is called heat of fusion and when the change occurs from a liquid to a gaseous state, it is called heat of vaporization.

In this case, the heat Q that is necessary to provide for a mass m of a certain substance to change phase is equal to

Q = m×L

where L is called the latent heat of the substance and depends on the type of phase change.

First, you  have to get the ice from -10°C to 0 °C, which is the melting point.  Then you have to melt the ice into liquid water. Now, you have to get the water from 0°C to 10°C.

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of sensible heat:

Q1= 2.108 [tex]\frac{J}{gK}[/tex]× 10 g× 10 K

Solving:

Q1= 210.8 J

In this case, you have to melt the ice into liquid water. Being the specific heat of melting of ice is 334 J/g, the heat needed to melt 10 grams of ice is calculated as:

Q2= 10 grams× 334 J/g

Solving:

Q2= 3,340 J

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of sensible heat:

Q3= 4.187 [tex]\frac{J}{gK}[/tex]× 10 g× 10 K

Solving:

Q3= 418.7J

The total heat required is calculated as:  

Total heat required= Q1 + Q2 + Q3

Total heat required= 210.8 J + 3,340 J + 418.7 J

Total heat required= 3,969.5 J

In summary, the heat needed to melt 10.0 grams of ice at -10°C until it is water at 10°C is 3,969.5 J.

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The new concentration of the lemonade solution, given the data from the question is 3.47 M

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

The molarity of the new solution can be obtained by using the dilution formula as shown below:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

2.37 × 473 = M₂ × 323

1121.01 = M₂ × 323

Divide both side by 323

M₂ = 1121.01 / 323

M₂ = 3.47 M

Thus, the concentration of the new solution is 3.47 M

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We can achieve equilibrium state, when the concentration of product and reactants are equal to each other.

In this type of system, when the same amount of liquid water is converted into gaseous form of water and the gaseous form of water into liquid form of water. This phase is known as equilibrium phase or state because same amount of reactants and products are produced .

So we can conclude that we can achieve equilibrium state, when the concentration of product and reactants are equal to each other.

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The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container B because it has a higher temperature.

The term temperature refers to a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of  body. This means that molecules that are at high temperature tend to move faster than the molecules that are at low temperature.

As such, the higher temperature of the molecules of the gas in B shows that the molecules in B are faster than those in A thus the correct statement is; "the average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container B because it has a higher temperature."

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Missing parts;

The picture shows two containers filled with a gas.

Two equally sized containers are shown with tight lids and each container has a thermometer. The container on the le is labeled A and the one on the right is labeled B. The thermometer inside container B shows a higher temperature than the thermometer inside container A.

Which statement is correct?

The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container A because it has a lower temperature.

The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container B because it has a higher temperature.

The gas particles in both containers have the same average kinetic energy because t have the same volume.

The gas particles in both containers have the same average kinetic energy because t have equal number of particles.

I hope this helps you ...

Answer:

1.25 M

Explanation:

In this case, the solute is C₆H₁₂O₆ and the solvent is H₂O.To find the molarity, you need to (1) convert the mass C₆H₁₂O₆ to moles (via molar mass), then (2) convert grams H₂O to liters H₂O, and then (3) calculate the molarity.

(Step 1)

Molar Mass (C₆H₁₂O₆): 6(12.011 g/mol) + 12(1.008 g/mol) + 6(15.998 g/mol)

Molar Mass (C₆H₁₂O₆): 180.15 g/mol

18.0 g C₆H₁₂O₆           1 mole
------------------------  x  -----------------  =  0.0999 moles C₆H₁₂O₆
                                   180.15 g

(Step 2)

1,000 grams = 1 L

80.0 g H₂O                1 L
--------------------  x  -------------------  =  0.0800 L H₂O
                                 1,000 g

(Step 3)

Molarity = moles solute / volume solvent (L)

Molarity = 0.0999 moles / 0.0800 L

Molarity = 1.25 M