Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5 (very acidic).
What is Secretin?Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5. Upon reaching the duodenum, the chyme will be covered with pancreatic juice from the pancreas and with a pH close to 9 thanks to the presence of sodium bicarbonate.
What are the effects of secretin hormones?inhibiting gastric activity and activating the secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate by the pancreas, and of bicarbonate and bile salts by the liver.
With this information, we can conclude that Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions
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What is the correct sequence of structures encountered by neural information as it travels along a neuron?
The correct sequence of structures encountered by neural information as it travels along a neuron is Cell body > Axon > Nerve terminal.
How does neural information travels along a neuron?The neural information also known as the impulse is generated and transmitted through the nerve cells. The impulse is received by dendrites, which then send it to the cell body.. From the cell body, the impulse flows through the axon and then reaches the nerve terminal. The subsequent neuron receives the impulse through the synaptic connection.
The correct sequence of impulse travel through neurons is cell body to axon to the nerve terminal.
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Which is a function of the golgi apparatus?
a. cell respiration
b. protein modification
c. drug detoxification
d. digestion of organic matter inside the cell
Golgi apparatus also called as golgi complex or golgi body ,cell membrane bound organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its a factory in which proteins modification received from the ER.
It helps in process and lipid molecules protein destined to be extorted from the cells. Camillo golgi body appears as a dries of stacked membranes. The gogli is located right near the nucleus.
The protein modification is cellular organelle responsible for the trafficking of proteins to other organelles. Proteins translated within the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transferred to golgi. The golgi enzymes catalyze the addition or removal of sugars for cargo protein.
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The agent of microevolutionary change that is most likely to introduce genetic variation from another population is referred to as ______________.
The agent of microevolutionary change that is most likely to introduce genetic variation from another population is referred to as Gene Flow.
The movement of genes into or out of a population is referred to as gene flow. Such movement may result from the movement of gametes or from the migration of specific organisms that reproduce in their new populations (e.g., as a consequence of pollen transfer among plants).The phrase "gene flow" refers to the processes through which genes are transferred from one group to another. Gene flow in anthropology more broadly refers to allelic change brought on by people moving from one place to another.Gene flow has the effect of reducing genetic diversity among populations, inhibiting or delaying the development of populations in various geographic locations into distinct species of the disease.learn more about gene flow here:https://brainly.com/question/2698940
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What cell structures and pigments are involved in photosynthesis? (check all that apply).
Cell structure like Chloroplasts are involved in Photosynthesis and Primarily Chlorophyll-a Pigment is involved in Photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a process of converting light energy into chemical energy to produce sugar required for the survival of life on this planet.
It involves Cell structures like Chloroplasts containing the stroma, grana and the thylakoids. Chloroplasts is a double membrane bound structure containing ribosomes. It is green in color and is responsible for trapping of light energy through the two reaction centres present in it namely PSI and PSII.
Pigments involved in Photosynthesis:
Chlorophyll-a: Primary pigment which forms a Part of Reaction centre Chlorophyll-b CarotenoidsXanthophyllsChlorophyll-b, Carotenoids and Xanthophylls form a part of Light Harvesting Complex (LHC), i.e. they trap the light energy and pass it towards the Reaction Centre.
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The sensory receptors, neurons and pathways make up the ________ division of the nervous system
Answer:
afferent division
Explanation:
Receptors, sensory neurons, and sensory pathways make up the afferent division of the nervous system.
The _____ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, breathing rate, and heart rate.
The thyroid gland secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, breathing rate, and heart rate.
The thyroid gland makes two hormones that it secretes into the bloodstream. One is called thyroxine ,this hormone contains four atoms of iodine and is often called T4. The other is called triiodothyronine, which contains three atoms of iodine and is often called T3. Activation of thyroxine (T4), to the active form, triiodothyronine (T3), by 5′-deiodinase type 2 (D2) is a key mechanism of TH regulation of metabolism. D2 is expressed in the hypothalamus, white fat, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle and is required for adaptive thermogenesis.
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Hich physiologic change increases cardiac work but does not enhance cardiac output?
Increased afterload physiologic change increases cardiac work but does not enhance cardiac output.
What about cardiovascular system?Heart and blood vessels, which make up your cardiovascular system, deliver oxygen and nutrition to your body's organs so they can function. Blood vessels also transport waste such as carbon dioxide to be disposed.Conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels are collectively referred to as cardiovascular disease. It is frequently associated with atherosclerosis, an accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries that increases the risk of blood clots.The heart, blood arteries, and blood make up the cardiovascular system. Its main job is to carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs and to carry nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to all regions of the body.The most typical cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis, which is a buildup of fatty plaques in your arteries. Atherosclerosis can be brought on by unhealthy lifestyle choices such smoking, being overweight, not exercising, and eating poorly.Learn more about cardiovascular system here:
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The structures of the limbic system are particularly important in group of answer choices emotion and learning. sensation. motor control. regulation of hunger and thirst.
The structures of the limbic system are particularly important in emotion and learning and is denoted as option A.
What is Limbic system?
This is referred to the part of the brain located in both sides of the thalamus and are involved in behavioral and emotional responses such as feeding, reproduction etc.
This system also controls the emotion and learning aspect needed for our survival thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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Eric has blue eyes. Because the gene for blue eyes is recessive. What must be true of eric regarding this trait?
Answer: He has homozygous
Explanation:
hope this is what you needed.
If there is an excess of reactive oxygen species (ross) in a system, where would the problem least likely be found?
This condition is known as a super oxide in which mutated enzyme extremely functional because it helps in production of cells .
when unstable molecules that contains oxygen and that easily react with other molecules in the cells. a build up of reactive oxygen species and cells causes damage of DNA ,RNA & protein ,which cause cell death.
super oxide refers various toxic oxygen containing free radicals such as monovalant anion O2 (negative) or that compound containing potassium super oxide KO2. reactive oxygen can cause damage to the basic building block of the cell. DNA damage can occur in the form of double stranded breaks as a result of reactive oxygen induced conversion of guanine to 8-oxo guanine.
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What type of anemia is caused by defective red blood cells with a shortened life span?
The name of the anemia is Hemolytic anemia which is caused by defective red blood cells.
It is simply a disorder in which red blood cells are more quickly destroyed as compared to what can be generated. The number of red blood cells decreases is called hemolysis.
It is also caused due to some infections in the body. As we know red blood cells carry oxygen and if the body has fewer number cells then proper oxygen is not carried out to the tissues and organs of the body.
If your body does not have proper oxygen, the body can't function properly. Oxygen is very important for us to function properly. Without oxygen, human life is impossible.
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Food elements are broken down into forms that can be transported to and absorbed by cells. This process is called?
Answer:
Digestion
Explanation:
The breakdown of foods into forms that can be transported to cells and absorb into these cells(this process has two parts): Mechanical(breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones) and Deglutition(swallowing).
You will suffer a variety of painful symptoms, including indigestion, bloating, and stomach discomfort, if your digestive system isn't in good shape.
What are the important component of digestion?
The process of physically and enzymatically converting food into chemicals that may be absorbed into the bloodstream is called digestion.
The gastrointestinal tract is composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
The secret to comprehending how digestion functions is to be aware of how these organs cooperate to break down food. Beginning in the mouth, the digestive process.
Therefore, The digestive system is crucial to your overall health since it provides your body with nutrients.
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Activity of the digestive system is generally increased by _____________ nervous stimulation.
Answer:
nervous stimulation. parasympathetic.
Explanation:
Aerobic respiration creates lactic acid as a by prodcut but prodcues far more atp than respiration.
a. true
b. false
False, aerobic respiration creates lactic acid as a by product but produces far more ATP than respiration. When lactic acid is ferment by certain bacteria which includes the bacteria in yogurt and also by human muscles cells when they are worked hard and fast.
In aerobic cell respiration which includes glycolysis + the kerbers cycle = respiratory electron transport that produce 36 ATP /glucose consumed. Aerobic respiration cell are 18 times more efficient than anaerobic cell respiration because in aerobic respiration more ATP than anaerobic respiration due to the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water .
Now O2 acts as terminal electron accept in this electron transport chain and gets reduced to water.ATP are produced by oxidation phosphorylation in the electron transport chain.
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Match the term to its description. (4 points) c 1. astronomical body a 2. comet b 3. galaxy d 4. moon a. an object in space b. a system of stars held by gravitational attraction c. a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and a stream of gas and dust d. an astronomical body that orbits around a planet
Astronomical body - An object in space
Galaxy - A system of stars held by gravitational attraction
Comet - A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and a stream of gas and dust
Moon - An astronomical body that orbits around a planet
What are different Astronomical bodies ?The astronomical bodies or the space bodies are the entities and the substances that are present in space. Some astronomical bodies are
Galaxy: It is the system of stars that are held together with the gravitational pull.Comet: These are the celestial bodies in space that are consist of ice, gas, and dust.Moon: It is the outer space body that revolves around the earth.Astronomical body: It is an object that is present in space.Learn more about Astronomical bodies here:
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When a photon is absorbed by chlorophyll, the energy level of some of the electrons in the pigment is raised. which of these are possible after that?
An electron is stimulated from the ground state to a higher energy level as a result of the absorption of a photon in the PAR range by a photosynthetic pigment.
These excited states can go from one pigment molecule to another, but because moving from carotenoids and chlorophyll b to chl an is energetically less favourable, excited states created on those pigment molecules end up on chl a.
What is a Photosystem ?The functional components of photosynthesis are called photosystems, and they are identified by specific pigment organisation and association patterns.
Photosystems are responsible for absorbing and transferring light energy, which implies transferring electrons. The thylakoid membranes contain photosystems in terms of physical location.Photosystem I and Photosystem II have been identified in plants and algae. Each of them consists of chlorophyll molecules, accessory pigments, proteins and other molecules.Learn more about Photosystem here:
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In an experiment, 90 newborn flies are divided evenly into three separate
groups and placed in boxes inside an incubator that is maintained at a
constant temperature of 30°C. On a daily basis, the first group is given water
containing 1 mg/mL of sugar; the second is given water containing 2 mg/mL
of sugar; and the third is given water containing 3 mg/mL of sugar. After four
weeks, the average length of the flies in each group is determined.
Which factor is the dependent variable in this experiment?
A. Average length of flies in a group
B. Concentration of sugar in the water
C. Number of flies in a group
D. Temperature of the incubator
Answer:
A. average length of files in a goup
When the tooth pulp has symptoms of lingering pain, a diagnosis of _______ can be made.
When the tooth pulp has symptoms of lingering pain,a diagnosis of irreversible pulpits can be made. pulpit is diagnosis by dentist, they take one or more extras to diagnosis of tooth decay and inflammation.
If inflammation builds in tooth the pulp can die. this is happens with irreversible pulpits and if once occur the pain will stop and tooth wouldn't be sensitive for cold or hot water. An infected pulp of the tooth will not heal on its own, so a root canal is suggested by dentist.
When tooth pulpit damage the tooth then removal of the tooth, relieving the pain of irreversible pulpits is by draining into tooth removing the pulpit and cleaning the root canal.
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Many bacteria facilitate the uptake of iron by secreting low molecular weight molecules, called ___________, to form complexes with the iron that can then be readily transported into the cell.
Many bacteria facilitate the uptake of iron by secreting low molecular weight molecules, called siderophores, to form complexes with the iron that can then be readily transported into the cell.
What are siderophores?Siderophores are natural or synthetic, low molecular weight molecules which have a high binding affinity to iron.Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi secrete these molecules to enhance iron uptake through the cell.Iron is abundant in the earth’s crust but it is not readily available in soluble form.Siderophores can chelate iron (form water soluble complexes). This complex is then taken up by the cell through membrane receptors.These are the strongest and largest class of iron chelators known thus providing the much needed iron to the microorganisms.Siderophores can also form complexes with aluminium, copper, zinc, manganese, cadmium, lead, etc.Learn more about Siderophores here:
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Amino acids are used to make _____, which are responsible for escorting substances into and around the body as well as across cell membranes
Answer:
protein
Explanation:
Amino acids are joined together to form proteins. The main function of amino acids is to serve as building blocks for proteins
Lab mice are bred such that every mouse is literally a clone of any other mouse. Yet, resilience arises regularly in a fraction of the mice during CSDS studies. If they're all clones, but we always find a resilient population, what does that say about how resilience works?
You may heard of the term mutation. Even during cloning, which is done by the process of DNA replication. Certain agents referred to as mutagens bring about changes in the chromosomal constitution, or how certain genes are arranged on the chromosome. Some physical factors include X rays and gamma rays, while some chemical factors include EMS and nitrogenous gases.
In a bacteria, a subunit of RNA polymerase called ____ recognizes-10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
In a bacteria, a subunit of RNA polymerase called α subunit recognizes-10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
What is RNA polymerase?RNA polymerase is defined as the type of enzyme found in Ribonucleic acid bacterias which helps in copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence.
The RNA polymerase are also known as the main enzyme for transcription in bacteria.
The subunits of RNA polymerase enzyme include the alpha subunit.
The alpha subunit is known to be able to recognise 10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
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What happens when a hypotonic solution is separated from a hypertonic solution by an osmotic membrane?
When a hypotonic solution is separated from a hypertonic solution by an osmotic membrane, the solvent will move from the side hypertonic solution to the side of the hypotonic solution.
What is osmosis?The movement of solvent from a region of high concentration of solute to a region of low concentration of solute, through a semi-permeable membrane is called osmosis.
Osmosis is a type of passive transport and movement of solvent happens along the concentration gradient. The solution with high solute concentration is called hypertonic solution and the solution with low solute concentration is called a hypotonic solution.
Therefore, If these solutions are separated by a membrane, then the solvent of these solutions will move from the side of the hypertonic solution to the side of the hypotonic solution until equilibrium is reached i.e until both solutions become isotonic relative to each other.
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The pluripotent, undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow that give rise to the formed elements are called _____ cells
The pluripotent, undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow that give rise to the formed elements are called stem cells.
Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to undergo self-renewal and to give rise to all cells of the tissues of the body. However, this definition has been recently complicated by the existence of distinct cellular states that display these features.
There are two types of pluripotent stem cells :
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)Induced pluripotent stem cellsEmbryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of pre-implantation embryos and can be indefinitely maintained and expanded in the pluripotent state in vitro. Pluripotent stem cells can also be obtained by inducing dedifferentiation of adult somatic cells through a recently developed in vitro technology, known as cell reprogramming.
Similarly to Embryonic stem cells , Induced pluripotent stem cells can be expanded indefinitely and they are capable to differentiate in all the derivatives of the three germ layers.
Another intriguing features of being pluripotent is its reliance on gene expression heterogeneity.
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Bowing to your opponent before a jiu jitsu match would be considered a ________ movement.
Answer:
voluntary, you did it by will
Explanation:
Some citizens are concerned about the use of genetically modified plants because they:_____.
Some citizens are concerned about the use of genetically modified plants because they cause allergic problems.
Genetic engineering is a specific form of gene technology that modifies the genetic code of living things like plants, animals, and microorganisms. The potential for adverse consequences on the human body posed by GM foods is the biggest danger. It is thought that eating these genetically modified crops can lead to the emergence of illnesses resistant to antibiotic treatment.
The transmission of antibiotic resistance, toxicity, and allergenicity are the three main health impacts of GM foods that raise the most concern. When blown into a natural setting, pollen from a genetically modified crop that carries a pesticide may kill nontarget creatures. Genetically engineered crop pollen can contaminate non-genetically modified crop kinds.
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Students are measuring the rate of enzyme activity. The graph below shows the rate of enzyme action as they increase the temperature
The subtrate will no longer fit within the enzyme because the heat will cause the enzyme to denature (deform).
EnzymeProteins called enzymes serve as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). Chemical reactions are sped up by catalysts. Substrates are the molecules that enzymes can interact with, and the enzyme changes the substrates into new molecules known as products. Almost all cellular metabolic activities require enzyme catalysis in order to proceed at speeds quick enough to maintain life. Enzymes are necessary to catalyze specific steps in metabolic pathways. Enzymology, the study of enzymes, and the pseudoenzyme analysis area acknowledge that some enzymes have lost the capacity to perform biological catalysis during evolution, which is frequently reflected in their amino acid sequences and peculiar "pseudocatalytic" capabilities.
Students are measuring the rate of enzyme activity. The graph below shows the rate of enzyme action as they increase the temperature
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An organism’s complexity ____ with the number of its genes; it ____ with the amount of junk dna.
An organism's complexity is directly related to the amount of junk DNA.
Most eukaryotic genomes are larger and more complex than those of prokaryotes. However, the genome size of many eukaryotes does not appear to be related to genetic complexity.
For example, the genomes of salamanders and lilies contain more than ten times the amount of DNA that is in the human genome, yet these organisms are clearly not ten times more complex than humans.
Further studies showed that in the human genome only 2.5%of the genes are coding for protein while the rest of the 97.5% of genes are non-coding genes or junk DNA.
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A complex consisting of a single mrna molecule with several ribosomes is called a _________.
a. polysome
b. multisome
c. maxisome
d. proteosome
How is increased muscle perfusion during exercise accomplished? check all that apply
during exercise accomplished there is increased muscle perfusion
Arterioles dilate during exercise in reaction to adrenaline and norepinephrine released by the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves. Precapillary sphincters, which are not innervated, dilate in response to lactic acid, CO2, and adenosine.
During vigorous activity, blood flow through the muscles can rise more than 20-fold, requiring blood to be diverted from other organs such as the digestive tract and kidneys to satisfy the needs of the working muscles. Muscular contraction constricts blood vessels and obstructs flow.
Muscle perfusion was measured as an index of blood volume at rest using a diffusion-weighted MRI methodology and analysis approach developed in our lab.
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