Answer:
the answer is a
Explanation:
Adhesive pili, exotoxins, and capsules are all microbial factors that help them establish infection. these are examples of:_______
Adhesive pili, exotoxins, and capsules are all microbial factors that help them establish infection. these are examples of virulence factors.
What is the mechanism of infection?Microbes encounter epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes of barriers established by mucosae, mucocutaneous junctions, or skin as they enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, direct contact, cutaneous penetration, and ascending infection.Capsules are believed to play a part in the pathogenicity and colonization of a variety of pathogenic bacteria due to their exposure to the environment. Capsules can hinder host cell phagocytosis, stop complement-mediated lysis, and stop bacterial desiccation.Typically hear about three main categories of germs: bacteria, viruses, and fungus.Since most capsules inhibit water loss, they may aid in the bacterium's ability to avoid desiccation. A bacterial cell can be shielded by a capsule from white blood cells' digestion and obliteration.By inhibiting pathogen-associated molecular patterns or from binding to endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of the phagocytes, capsules can avoid unenhanced adhesion. Some bacteria's capsules obstruct the body's complement pathway defenses.Learn more about infection here:
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What are the two basic ""ingredients"" for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?
a. tyrosine and calcium
b. arginine and iodine
c. lysine and calcium
d. tyrosine and iodine
e. dopamine and iron
The synthesis of thyroid hormones requires the iodination of tyrosine molecules and the combination of two iodinated tyrosine residues. thus option D is correct.
What is the function of hormone ?The primary function of a hormone to regulate secreted hormone from endocrine gland is classified functionally as a tropic. The glands of endocrine system create chemical messengers called hormones and it can travel through the blood to various regions of the body.
There are different types of glands such as pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands where Hormones are created and secreted (released) by these glands,
These hormones are situated in the glands and secreted throughout your body, most important glands are adrenal glands include two glands located on top of the kidneys that produce the hormone cortisol.
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Which substances are inorganic? Check all that apply. butter gasoline gold quartz wheat sodium carbonate
The substances that are inorganic are as follows:
GasolineSodium carbonateGoldWhat are inorganic substances?Inorganic substances are those substances that does not originate in a living organism or are not products of a living organism.
On the other hand, organic substances originate from living sources.
Examples of organic substances are as follows:
CarbohydratesProteinLipidsNucleic acidsTherefore, the substances that are inorganic are as follows:
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Answer:
Sodium, Quartz, and Gold
Explanation:
Areas of the retina where many rods convergence on only a few ganglionic nerve cells will have?
An area of the retina where many rod cells will converge and only a few ganglionic nerve cells will be found in Blind Spot.
Where is the blind spot located?In the eyes, a natural blind spot, also known as the optic disc, develops where the blood vessels and axons of the ganglion cells depart to form the optic nerve. This is due to the lack of receptors (rods and cones) in this area of the retina. Artificial blind spots can arise when anything blocks light from reaching the photoreceptors, which are the rods and cones.
There are no photoreceptors in this location, hence there is no image detection.
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Which of the following are true about cells?
choose 2 answers:
1. cells of unicellular organisms come from other cells,but cells in multicellular organisms do not.
2. Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division.
3. Existing cells are required for new cells to form.
2. Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division.
3. Existing cells are required for new cells to form.
Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division and Existing cells are required for new cells to form are true about cell.
what is cell ?Cells are the basic unit of life, an organism to the cellular level, the smallest independent component that we would find would be the cell.
The fluidic part of Each cell contains cytoplasm, which is enclosed by a membrane, cytoplasm are several biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.
Cells are the lowest level of organization, From organism to organism, the count of cells may vary. Humans have more number of cells compared to that of bacteria.
Cells comprise several cell organelles that perform specialised functions to carry out life processes. Every organelle has a specific structure. The hereditary material of the organisms is also present in the cells.
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A characteristic of robertsonian translocation is that the tiny short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost, but their dna sequences are _____.
A characteristic of Robertsonian translocation is that tiny short arm of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost but their DNA sequences are repeated elsewhere in the genome, so the loss does not cause symptoms
Robertsonian translocation is one in which, effectively, the whole of a chromosome is joined end to end with another chromosome.
This translocation can only happen in chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, because the ends of their short arms have similar repetitive DNA sequences that predispose to their fusion.
This kind of translocation can result in trisomy which ultimately causes disease conditions (for example, chromosome 21 trisomy causes Down syndrome).
In some cases, like the long arms of chromosomes 13 and 14 fuses, no significant genetic material is lost and the person can be normal in spite of the translocation.
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According to the cell theory, which describes cells?
All organisms are composed of multiple cells.
All cells have the same structure and function.
Cells are found in everything on Earth.
All living cells come from other living cells.
Answer:
All living cells come from other living cells.
Explanation:
"All organisms are composed of multiple cells" can't be right, due to the fact that single-celled organisms do exist. "All cells have the same structure and function" is blatantly untrue, otherwise we wouldn't exist right now. We'd all be bacteria. "Cells are found in everything on Earth" is also not correct- there are extreme climates where even the hardiest organisms can't survive, like pits of magma in the recesses of the Earth. That leaves us with "All living cells come from other living cells", which is indeed true, all cells duplicate via a process called mitosis, and in order for replication to happen, there needs to be a parent cell in order to duplicate DNA.
Each red blood cell is shaped as a biconcave disk. This allows it to?
Red blood cell is shaped as a biconcave discs, this shape allows them to squeeze through small capillaries.
The biconcave shape of the cell allows oxygen exchange at a constant rate over the largest possible area. The biconcave shape increases the cell's surface area compared to a flat disk of the same size. The greater surface area makes it easier for gases to move into and out of the red blood cell.
The biconcave shape provides a large surface area compared to the volume of the red blood cell, allowing diffusion to happen efficiently. This shape optimizes the ratio of surface area to volume, facilitating gas exchange. It also enables them to fold up as they move through narrow blood vessels.
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Describes an accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass by adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal.
An accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass by adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal
Excess or compacted cerumen is the buildup of ear wax that causes a blockage in the ear canal and may result in hearing loss if it presses against the eardrum or obstructs the external auditory canal or hearing aids.
To maintain and defend itself, the ear produces earwax. It is produced by skin-covered glands that border the outer portion of your ear canals. These tubes contain wax and microscopic hairs that catch dust and other foreign objects that could harm deeper structures, like your eardrum.
However, if it accumulates, it can become an issue since it irritates your ears and impairs your ability to hear. Only the outside of the ears should be cleaned, and earwax should only be softened with drops or water.
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The segment of the the lymphatic pathway called the lymphatic vessels are most anatomically similar to which type of blood vessel?
The segment of the lymphatic pathway called the lymphatic vessels is most anatomically similar to the Cardiovascular vein.
The lymphatic vessels are similar to the cardiovascular veins.
The direction of transport of fluid:-Lymphatic vessels transport lymph from the tissues to the collecting ducts. This is the same function vein that transports blood from tissues to the heart. Pressure:-Lymphatic vessels work under low pressure as veins do.Valves:- Both lymphatics vessels and cardiovascular veins have a series of valves inside them that maintain the fluidity of lymph and blood throughout the pathway respectively.What is the lymphatic system?
The lymphatics system is the part of our immune system which consists of networks of vessels. These vessels carried out lymph from the tissue which has leaked out from the blood vessels. These lymphatic vessels and tissues work together to take back this lymph into the bloodstream.
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The surface of the tongue is covered with __________ stratified squamous epithelium, and has bumps called __________, where many taste buds can be found
The surface of the tongue is covered with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and has bumps called lingual papillae, where many taste buds can be found.
What is a squamous epithelium?Squamous epithelium is a layer of specialized cells that have a prolonged area of the surface that interacts with the basement membrane.
Stratified squamous epithelium interacts with this membrane and also maintains its integrity by its interaction with another layer.
In conclusion, the surface of the tongue is covered with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and has bumps called lingual papillae, where many taste buds can be found.
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A dog whistle can be heard by dogs but not by humans. this whistle takes advantage of a characteristic of sensory systems known as:_______
Answer:the absolute threshold
Explanation:
A dog whistle can be heard by dogs but not by humans. This sound of whistle takes the advantage of a characteristic of sensory systems which is known as absolute threshold.
What is Sensory system?A dog whistle is a type of whistle which emits the sound in the ultrasonic sound range. Humans cannot hear the range of ultrasonic sound but some of the other animals can, such as dogs and domestic cats, and this ability of animals is used in their training.
An absolute threshold is the least amount of stimulation which is needed for a person to detect the stimulus 50% of the time. This ability can be applied to all the senses such as: The minimum intensity of light we can see. Similarly, the ultrasonic range of sound is not audible to humans.
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In a helminth life cycle, which host harbors the adult, sexually active stage of the pathogen?
In a helminth life cycle, which host harbors the adult, sexually active stage of the pathogen Definitive host.
Helminths are multicellular eukaryotic animals that generally posses digestive ,circulatory, nervous ,excretory and reproductive systems. Tissues and organs heterotrophic parasitic often lack organ systems of free-living relatives. Helminths cannot reproduce inside a host organism. Rather, these organisms tend to have a life cycle in which the adult nematode lives inside the host intestine, producing eggs, which are then shed with the host's feces.
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When a shockable rhythm is present during cardiac arrest and a biphasic manual defibrillator is available, the initial energy level selected should be:________
When shockable rhythm is present during cardiac arrest and biphasic manual defibrillator is available, the initial energy selected should be between 120 - 200J
If a person goes into cardiac arrest immediately start CPR and also provide oxygen and connect a defibrillator if available. Continue CPR for 5 cycles and check for shockable rhythm.
If a shockable rhythm is observed, use the biphasic manual defibrillator for the initial shock at 120 - 200 J based on the device. Then check for a pulse. If a pulse is present, begin the post resuscitation care.
If there is no pulse or asystolic, then start the CPR cycle again until the shockable rhythm is observed. Then shock at 200J using a biphasic manual defibrillator.
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The gap explored wage, health, and safety issues in its plants. What other issues might the company explore if it wants to ensure the best working conditions possible?
That gaps has made efforts to settle their wages and safety issues in its plants. These issues were faced by gap in earlier 1990 and it has huge impact on operations of company.
When the company realized that health, safety and wage issues , these are solve it out the best possible solution. Ethical issues which sorted out , such as physical abuse labors would experience. 100 countries only 136 were they perform their operations just because of violation company was witnessing.
Without the ethical issues , business as they did before and implemented the ethical ways of doing business or other entity cannot procedure good result. An appropriate leadership can solve their ethics problem which is the company provides training to leader and help in workflow of the company.
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As electrons fall from photosystem ii to photosystem i, the cytochrome complex uses the energy to pump ions. this builds a proton gradient that is used in chemiosmosis to produce what molecule?
As electrons fall from photosystem ii to photosystem i, the cytochrome complex uses the energy to pump ions. this builds a proton gradient that is used in chemiosmosis to produce ATP.
In plants and cyanobacteria, a two-step mechanism known as noncyclic photophosphorylation results in the direct production of ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis. High-energy electrons exiting photosystem II are used in the noncyclic photophosphorylation process just outlined to produce ATP, which is then transferred to photosystem I to promote the creation of NADPH.
For every pair of electrons that move from H2O to NADP+ to create a molecule of NADPH, this results in the production of slightly more than one molecule of ATP.
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How does 1 act human after being in isolation for years.
Answer:
the behaviour is disturbed
Explanation:
One of the reasons that living in isolation is difficult is because humans are social creatures. Many people that have lived in isolated environments – such as researchers stationed in Antarctica – report that loneliness can be the most difficult part of the job. Yossi Ghinsberg, an Israeli adventurer and author who survived weeks alone in the Amazon, said that loneliness was what he suffered from most and that he had created imaginary friends to keep himself company.
Loneliness can be damaging to both our mental and physical health. Socially isolated people are less able to deal with stressful situations. They’re also more likely to feel depressed and may have problems processing information. This in turn can lead to difficulties with decision-making and memory storage and recall.
People who are lonely are also more susceptible to illness. Researchers found that a lonely person’s immune system responds differently to fighting viruses, making them more likely to develop an illness.
In the dna isolation process, ________ is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the dna molecules to easily precipitate.
In the DNA isolation process, ice cold 95% ethanol is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.
What is separation and isolation of DNA fragments?
The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis.Since, DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix.The most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds.The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves.The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation (you cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light and without staining). We can see bright orange coloured bands of DNA in a ethidium bromide stained gel exposed to UV light.The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution.The DNA fragments purified in this way are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with cloning vectors.To learn more about DNA isolation process: brainly.com/question/18316109
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What change would increase the rate of oxygen diffusing from lung alveoli into the blood?
An increase in the hemoglobin concentration of the red blood cells would increase the rate of oxygen diffusing from lung alveoli into the blood.
The capillaries (small blood vessels) lining the alveolar walls allow oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli to the blood throughout this process.
Hemoglobin in red blood cells absorbs oxygen as it enters the bloodstream.
Then, as the blood returns to the heart, the heart sends the oxygen-rich blood through the arteries to the body's tissues.
The alveoli are where blood is infused with oxygen (air sacs).
Small blood arteries called capillaries are located quite close to the alveoli.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide travel along the concentration gradient due to the alveolar and capillary walls' extreme thinness.
This motion is referred to as diffusion and an increase in the hemoglobin concentration of the red blood cells would increase the rate of oxygen diffusing from lung alveoli into the blood.
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Organisms that live in the chaparral have developed unique adaptations that aid in their survival. the california quail is a small, plump game bird with short wings that can be found in the chaparral regions of california. these birds can only fly short distances, and typically take cover in shrubs or other low-growing plants. they are active in the morning and at night. bird with dark feathers and white stripe on its head. photo by dcrjsr how is the california quail adapted to live in the chaparral biome? a. tree-dwelling b. crepuscular activity c. nesting in trees d. moisture-rich diet please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Crepuscular activity
Crepuscular refers to animals and birds that are active at night, during twilight. So, these little birds don't usually travel large distances during the day, first of all, because they can't due to their small wings and plump bodies, and second of all, in order to avoid getting eating by a larger bird or animal. So they are usually nocturnal birds that live during the night.
What are some of the adaptations that help chaparral plant survive in dry conditions ?Chaparral is a hot, dry, and flammable biome. Chaparral-specific plant adaptations are necessary for their survival. These adaptations may include the capacity for water absorption through the leaves, broad taproots to access deep water reservoirs, and bark that is fire-resistant.
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Answer:
the answer is B
Explanation:
edge 2023
Protists represent an important evolutionary step between ____________ and ____________. a. fungi, plants b. single celled organisms, multicelled organisms c. bacteria, animals d. plants, animals
Option (B) single-celled organisms, and multicelled organisms are the correct answer.
Protists represent an important evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms.
What are Protists?Protists are eukaryotes because they have a nucleus and other organelles that are attached to membranes. Protists have a distinctive central compartment termed the nucleus, which is shared by all eukaryotic cells and contains their genetic material. Organelles, specialized pieces of cellular machinery, carry out specific tasks within the cell. Plastids are found in photosynthetic protists like numerous kinds of algae.Protists' DNA resembles that of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms, whereas algae are multi-celled organisms.We can infer from this debate that protists are a crucial evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms as they share many characteristics with both cyanobacteria and algae.
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Protists represent an important evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms.
Protists represent an important evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms.
What are Protists?Protists are eukaryotes because they have a nucleus and other organelles that are attached to membranes.
Protists have a distinctive central compartment termed the nucleus, which is shared by all eukaryotic cells and contains their genetic material.
Organelles, specialized pieces of cellular machinery, carry out specific tasks within the cell.
Plastids are found in photosynthetic protists like numerous kinds of algae.
Protists' DNA resembles that of cyanobacteria.
Cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms, whereas algae are multi-celled organisms.
We can infer from this debate that protists are a crucial evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms as they share many characteristics with both cyanobacteria and algae.
What are some dangerous protists?MalariaAfrican sleeping sicknessGiardiasisCryptosporidiosisTrichomoniasisToxoplasmosisAmoebic dysenteryTo learn more about Protists refer to:
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What would occur in a cell if the production of cyclins halted during the cell cycle?
If the production of cyclins is halted during the cell cycle, the cell would remain in the same phase (e.g.- G2) and would not be able to enter into mitosis.
The cyclins are the most important core cell cycle regulators. They are a group of related proteins, as well as there are four basic types found in humans and most other eukaryotes.
Each of the cyclin is connected with a particular phase, transition, or a set of phases in the cell cycle, which helps in driving the events of that particular phase or period.
Cell cycle arrest can occur if cyclins fail to degrade. The levels of the different cyclins vary considerably across the cell cycle. A typical cyclin is present at low levels for most of the cycle, however, it increases strongly at the stage where it is needed.
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Because most cigar and pipe smokers do not ______, as a group they have a lower risk of cancer than cigarette smokers.
Because most cigar and pipe smokers do not inhale the smoke , as a group they have a lower risk of cancer than cigarette smokers.
The cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco are made out of dried tobacco leaves. The other substances are usually added for flavor and to make smoking more gratifying. The smoke from these products is a complex mixture of chemicals produced by flaring tobacco and its additives.
There are at least 70 known chemicals to cause cancer. These cancer-causing chemicals are referred to as carcinogens.
It is so because cigars and pipes are usually believed to be less harmful way than to smoke tobacco. It was once a trend to use cigars in the 1990s, luring/dragging the young and the old.
Most of the people think cigars are less harmful to their health, but they actually pose the same risk for oral cancer as cigarettes do. Many cigar smokers don't inhale the smoke, but still the risk for oral, throat, and esophageal cancer is alike as for cigarette smokers.
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What percent of an organism's energy is transferred to
the next trophic level when it is eaten?
A. 50%
B. 25%
C. 5%
D. 10%
One of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is?
One of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is selecting an environment that will remain stable for many years (e.g., 10,000 years or more).
What is nuclear waste?The expression 'nuclear waste' makes reference to the radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants, which is highly toxic and may cause severe harm to the ecosystems and human populations.
Nuclear waste always must be kept in safety containers that will be stored for many thousand years until radioactivity decays.
In conclusion, one of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is selecting an environment that will remain stable for many years (e.g., 10,000 years or more).
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Question 2
The following chart lists taxonomy classifications for seven organisms. Some have just one classification,
while others have a subclassification. Which four classifications best match the classifications of your
fossils? Research the classifications if you don't know their characteristics.
Classification
Organism 1 Brachiopoda
Organism 2 Mollusca, Gastropoda
Organism 3 Arthropoda, Trilobita
Organism 4 Chordata, Actinopterygil
Organism 5 Pteridophyta
Organism 6 Nematoda
Organism 7 Ascomycota
Now complete the following table to explain your reasoning for the classification of your fossils.
The four best classifications of fossils which match my classification are:
Body Fossils.Molecular Fossils.Trace Fossils.Pseudofossils.The classification of Mollusca, Gastropoda is given below:
They are invertebrates
They have seven different classes:
AplacophoraMonoplacophoraPolyplacophoraBivalviaGastropodaCephalopodaCcaphopoda.What is classification of living organisms?The classification of living organisms simply means grouping or classifying living things together on the basis of characteristic similarities and differences which exist between different species of living organisms
So therefore, the phylum mollusca are organisms which are all invertebrates, i.e, animals without backbone.
In conclusion, the four best classifications of fossils which match my classification are:
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n a jungle habitat, there lives a species of snake, called Species A. The carrying capacity of the jungle allows 5000 of Species A. After their habitat was destroyed, a second species of snakes, Species B, arrives in the jungle. After a few years, the population of Species A has dropped to 0, and the population of Species B has become 5000. What can you determine from this data?
A. They occupy separate niches, but are still competing for some resources.
B. They occupy completely different niches and are not competing.
C. You cannot determine anything from this data.
D. They occupy the same niche and are competing fully for all resources.
Reset Selection
Based on the carrying capacity of the habitat and the changes that occurred in number of the two snake species, correct option is They occupy the same niche and are competing fully for all resources; option D
What is carrying capacity of a habitat?The carrying capacity of a habitat is the maximum number of species the available resources in that habitat can sustain.
The data given of the species of snakes, Species A and Species B, indicate that they are both present in the habitat after a change occurs in the habitat.
Since the population of Species A became zero after Species B was introduced in the habitat, they occupy the same niche and are competing fully for all resources.
In conclusion, the competition between the species of snakes is responsible for the decline in Species A.
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Loss of fluid from the plasma will in part be replaced by fluid moving ______ cells.
Fluid migrating skeletal muscle cells will partially replace the fluid lost from the plasma.
What major force propels liquid out of the plasma chamber?
The pressure that a liquid applies against a wall, hydrostatic pressure is what moves fluid across sections. The force that blood applies to the vascular endothelium as a result of the cardiovascular motion is known as the hydrostatic tension of blood. Due to the constant interchange of water, ions, and tiny solutes throughout the walls of the capillaries via pores, and capillary clefts, plasma, and interstitial fluid are remarkably similar to one another.Large skeletal muscles' movements assist in pumping blood and lymph liquid all across the system. Our body's vessels are pushed aside as we exercise and contract both major and tiny muscular, acting as a compressor to circulate fluids throughout our system.Learn more about fluid here:
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The ______ lies in the mediastinum posterior to the sternum and between the lungs.
The Thymus lies in the mediastinum posterior to the sternum and between the lungs.
What's the thymus gland?The thymus gland is a small organ in the upper chest, beneath the breastbone. It produces white blood cells known as lymphocytes, which help the body fight infections.Where does the thymus gland lie?The thymus gland is located in the upper anterior (front) part of the chest, directly behind the sternum and between the lungs. The organ is pinkish-gray in color and has two thymic lobes.To learn more about Thymus gland from the given link
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Cattle egret follow herds of cattle and feed on both the insects stirred by the movement of the cattle and the biting insects that irritate the cattle. this is an example of:______.
Commensalism relationship is shown between cattle egret and cattle.
Usually cattle egrets follow herds of large hoofed mammals such as cattle, buffalo. They eat the insects that have been stirred up by the buffalo as they move. This relationship is commensalism, because the birds benefit but the ungulate is neither harmed nor helped.
The cattle egret and grazing cattle in a close association is a classic example of commensalism. It is a common sight in rural areas where one can see ticks hovering over the cattle. They feed on cattle's blood and hence are harmful to them as they can transmit several diseases. The cattle egret and grazing cattle in a close association is a classic example of commensalism. It is a common sight in rural areas where one can see ticks hovering over the cattle. They feed on cattle's blood and hence are harmful to them as they can transmit several diseases.
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