Answer:
receive food by ingestionbreak it into small particles by masticationmix it with salivamoistens foodAnswer:
The four functions of the mouth in the digestive process is given below:
Explanation:
1. Digestive process starts from mouth.
2. It moistens food so it move more easily through esophagus into stomach.
3. Mouth produces saliva which has an enzyme that begins to break down starches in food.
4. Mouth chews food and digestion involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by cells.
A translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 results in an enhancer element in direct control on the c myc gene if the enhancer element leads to over expression this mutation is called?
A translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 results in an enhancer element in direct control on the c myc gene if the enhancer element leads to over expression this mutation is called intrachromosomal translocation.
The B-cell cancers Burkitt's lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia(ALL) are characterised by the reciprocal chromosome translocation, or t(8;14), which involves the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14 and the c-myc oncogene on chromosome 8.
The intrachromosomal translocation connecting one c-myc allele to one of the immunoglobulin genes causes the dysregulation of c-myc gene expression in Burkitt's lymphoma. This physical connection encourages interactions between immunoglobulin and c-myc gene regulatory regions, which have an impact on the commencement and elongation of c-myc transcription.
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If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will become a corpus ________ and eventually disappear
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will become a corpus albicans and eventually disappear
How the corpus luteum changes if fertilization does not occur?Around 10 days after the egg leaves the dominant follicle, corpus luteum will begin to degrade if the egg is not fertilized. Uterus lining won't undergo the modifications necessary to promote pregnancy without progesterone. Instead, the lining will be lost when you get your period.
The corpus albicans is the regressed version of the corpus luteum, which is referred to as the atretic corpus luteum, corpus candicans, or simply as albicans (Latin for "whitening body"). Fibroblasts deposit type I collagen to create the corpus albicans as macrophages degrade the corpus luteum.
The hormone progesterone, which is produced by the corpus luteum, makes the uterus a healthy environment for a growing fetus. Each time you ovulate, a new corpus luteum develops, and it disintegrates once you no longer require it for progesterone synthesis. The uterus could not transform an egg that has been fertilized into a fetus without the corpus luteum.
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What did sigmund freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?
Sigmund freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed the "The unconscious mind."
What is the unconscious mind?The unconscious is referred to as a repository of sensations, thoughts, urges, or memories that are not conscious to the conscious mind in psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud of personality.
The working of subconscious mind is by-
It can be useful to think of the mind as an iceberg while trying to understand the unconscious mind. The conscious and unconscious are each represented by something above and below the water, respectively.Think about how an iceberg might appear if you could view it from all sides. This iceberg is actually just partially visible just above water. The massive volume of ice that composes the majority of the iceberg is submerged deeply beneath the surface of the ocean, and is therefore invisible from the surface.Our conscious awareness's objects are merely "the tip of a iceberg." Subsurface information contains the remaining knowledge that is not conscious. Even while this knowledge might not be conscious, it nevertheless has an impact on how people act now.To know more about the Sigmund Freud's theory of the unconscious, here
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When blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will ________ to mount a steady rate of filtration.
When blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will contract to mount a steady rate of filtration.
What is the primary function of urinary system?The urinary system helps to maintain homeostasis by changing the blood's composition, pH, volume, and pressure, maintaining blood osmolarity, eliminating wastes and foreign objects, and releasing hormones.After the kidneys have filtered the blood plasma, what happens?Most of the water and solutes are returned to the bloodstream by the kidneys after the kidneys have filtered the blood plasma.The discipline that examines kidney pathology, physiology, and anatomy is known as nephrology.
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and Phosphate ions, which are produced by the kidneys, aid in controlling blood pressure during regulation of blood ionic composition.
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Name the four layers of the digestive tract beginning from the lumen of the digestive tract.
The four layers of the digestive tract from superficial to deep are the mucosa (adjacent to the lumen), submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
The digestive tract:The innermost tunic of the wall is known as the mucosa or mucous membrane layer. The digestive tract's lumen is lined with it. The mucosa is made up of epithelium, a layer of lamina propria, a loose layer of connective tissue, and the muscularis mucosa, a thin layer of smooth muscle. The mucosa in some areas produces folds that enhance its surface area. The mucosa's specific cells secrete hormones, digestive enzymes, and mucus. Other glands' ducts travel to the lumen through the mucosa.
The mucosa is surrounded by a substantial layer of loose connective tissue known as the submucosa. Blood arteries, lymphatic vessels, and neurons are also present in this stratum. This layer might contain glands.
An inner circular layer and an outside longitudinal layer make up the two layers of the smooth muscle that moves the digestive tract. The two muscle layers are separated by the myenteric plexus.
The adventitia is a connective tissue that makes up the digestive tract's outermost layer above the diaphragm. It is referred to as serosa below the diaphragm.
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Which type(s) of joint(s) lack(s) a joint cavity and is(are) held together by a fibrous connective tissue?
a) 1. fibrous joints;
b) 2. cartilaginous joints;
c) 3. synovial joints.
e) 1 only
Fibrous joints lack a synovial joint cavity, have the articulating bones held together by fibrous connective tissue, and permit little or no movement.
Functional classification of joints depends on how the joint functions and the degree of movement they allow. Lack a synovial cavity are held together by fibrous connective tissue. The bones of fibrous joints are held together by fibrous connective tissue .Three types of fibrous joints are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. In fibrous joints the articulating parts are separated by white connective tissue (collagen) fibers, which pass from one part to the other. The only examples of these joints in the human body are the articulations between the roots of the teeth and their sockets (alveoli) in the maxillae and mandible.
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Technically speaking, the term homophobia refers to an excessive ____ homosexuals or homosexual behavior
Technically speaking, the term homophobia refers to an excessive negative attitude towards homosexuals or homosexual behavior.
What are homophobia and sexual orientation discrimination?
The definition of homophobia is the dislike, discomfort, or mistrust of lesbians, gay men, or bisexual persons. Biphobia is the dread, hatred, discomfort, or suspicion of bisexual individuals. Similar to homophobia, transphobia refers to apprehension, hostility, discomfort, or suspicion of transgender, genderqueer, or nonconforming individuals.Learn more about the sexual orientation discrimination with the help of the given link:
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A landscaper accidentally had their leg crushed by a tree. their femur was impacted with such force that a section of the bone completely shattered into fragments. what type of break is this?
Type of break is cervical and lumbar curvatures.
If there are no ossification centers, there are no osteoblasts, no osteocytes, no spongy bone, which in turn means no compact bone thus no flat bones which serves as a protection layer.
Osteoclasts are large bone cells with up to 50 nuclei. They remove bone structure by releasing lysosomal enzymes and acids that dissolve the bony matrix. Intramembranous ossification directly converts the mesenchymal tissue to bone and forms the flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the cranial bones. While bone resorption is performed by large immune cells called osteoclasts, osteoblasts, a type of specialized connective tissue-related cells, is responsible for making new bone.
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Three of the six greenhouse gases that are regulated by the epa are halogens, which are greenhouse gases that are ___ co2.
Three of the six greenhouse gases that are regulated by the epa are halogens, which are greenhouse gases that are methane CFCs and co2.
A structure with a glass roof and walls is known as a greenhouse. Tropical flowers and tomatoes are among the plants that are grown in greenhouses. Even in the winter, a greenhouse keeps a comfortable temperature inside. Sunlight enters the greenhouse during the day and heats the air and plants within
. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and ozone in the lower atmosphere are the principal greenhouse gases whose concentrations are rising. Different processes, over time, remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere according to their various chemical characteristics.
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Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cava flows next through the tricuspid valve.
Our heart consists of four chambers in which blood flows. Blood enters the right atrium and passes through the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary veins which enter the left atrium.
Blood that passes superior vena cava and inferior vena cava empty blood into the right atrium. Blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It then flows through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery before being delivered to the lungs.
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The term _____refers to the process of destroying or removing all viable microorganisms including even the hardiest structures, such as endospores.
The term sterilization refers to the process of destroying or removing all viable microorganisms including even the hardiest structures, such as endospores.
Sterilization can be achieved through physical methods such as heat, radiation, filtration, chemical methods which use liquid and gaseous sterilizing agents or by combination of both.
Heat Method is the most common method of sterilization in which heat is used to kill the microbes. Wet Heat or Steam Sterilization is carried out in autoclaves which use steam heated to 121–134 °C under pressure, whereas, dry heat sterilization exposes the specimen containing microbes to high temperatures either by flaming, incineration or a hot air oven.
Filtration deploys use of filters with a pore size that is too minute for the microbes to pass through.
Radiation sterilization involves exposing the contaminated specimen to radiation like UV, X-rays or gamma rays for sterilization.
The commonly used gases in chemical methods of sterilization include a mixture of ethylene oxide and carbon-dioxide.
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Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that?
Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that When someone is hallucinating, they are actually hearing their own thoughts.
What is hallucination?The sensory sense of hearing noises without an external trigger is known as auditory hallucinations. Despite not being unique to schizophrenia, this symptom is notably linked to it and other psychotic diseases.Hearing sounds or noises, such as music, animal calls, natural sounds, or background noises, might be a symptom of auditory hallucinations. They could appear to be coming from everywhere, including the surroundings or head. There are extremes of very silent and very loud sounds.Numerous psychiatric conditions, most notably schizophrenia, can result in auditory hallucinations. Additionally, they can take place in dementia, PTSD, and bipolar disorder. Knowing the underlying cause of an illness can help with treatment.
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Q.) Write a scientific article to describe the effects of gadgets on human eyes
Answer:
yes gadgets effects on humans eye because the radiation come from gadgets like mobile , computer, etc negatively effect our eyesight because of the radiation so we should not sit more and more time Infront of the gadgets like mobile, computer, television,etc. To prevent our eyesight or eye from radiation.
The density of cristae is higher in mitochondria of the cell with higher rates of?
The density of cristae is higher in the mitochondria of the cell with higher rates of respiration.
The folds found inside the inner mitochondrial membrane are called mitochondrial cristae.
These folds provide a larger surface area where chemical processes, like redox reactions, can occur.
Due to the fact that the ETC enzymes are encased in the inner mitochondrial membrane, an increase in surface area through the production of many cristae may result in higher rates of respiration.
The inner membrane is folded into cristae to boost the mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.
These folds enable the mitochondrion to contain many more ATP synthase and electron transport chain enzymes.
Hence, the density of cristae is higher in the mitochondria of the cell with higher rates of respiration.
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What are the two main types of populations (based on their nutritional relationships)?
The two main types of populations (based on their nutritional relationships) are:-
1.Producers- Organisms which can synthesize their own food.
2.Consumers- Organisms which cannot synthesize their food and are dependent on producers for their nutritional needs.
Producers use energy and simple inorganic molecules to make organic compounds. They are also known as Autotrophs. They can be further classified as Photoautotrophs and Chemoautotrophs.
Photoautotrophs use energy from the Sun to make food by photosynthesis. They include plants, algae, and certain bacteria.
Chemoautotrophs use energy from chemical compounds to make food by chemosynthesis. They include some bacteria and also archaea. Archaea are microorganisms that resemble bacteria.
Consumers on the other hand are called Heterotrophs. They can be Herbivores (consuming plants) e.g. deer, Carnivores (consuming animals) e.g. lion or Omnivores (consuming both plant and animals) e.g. humans.
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what does the model represent?
Which type of central nervous system tissue contains neuronal cell bodies dendrites?
Gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies dendrites.
The topmost layer of the brain is made up of grey matter. White matter and grey matter are similar in that they are both crucial components of the spinal cord and the brain. A significant number of neuronal cell bodies give the grey matter its gray hue.All neuronal synapses, as well as the neural cell bodies, axon terminals, and dendrites, are found in the gray matter, which gets its name from its pinkish-gray hue. The cerebellum, brain stem, and cerebrum all contain a lot of this type of brain tissue. It also contributes to the central spinal cord's butterfly-shaped part.learn more about Gray matter here:
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An increase of _____ increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
An increase in Antidiuretic hormone increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
The brain releases a substance called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which makes the kidneys release less water and reduces the volume of urine generated. The body makes less pee when its antidiuretic hormone level is high. A low level causes more urine to be produced. Water is retained, blood volume rises, and symptoms such as nausea, headaches, confusion, lethargy, and low blood sodium may occur if there is too much antidiuretic hormone.
The kidneys will secrete too much water because of low anti-diuretic hormone levels. Dehydration and a drop in blood pressure will result from an increase in urine output. antidiuretic hormone is a chemical that is created in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. The pituitary gland, located near the base of the brain, then releases it.
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When the resident microbiota prevents the establishment of a pathogen, it is called _______.
Microbial antagonism is the inhibition of pathogens growth by antagonist microbiota. When the resident microbiota prevents the establishment of a pathogen, it is called Microbial antagonism.
What are antagonist microbiota?
Antagonist microbiota are the organisms, like bacteria or fungi, capable of acting as a biological control to avoid other pathogenic agents' establishment.
These organisms share three characteristics,
a) capability to quickly colonize a new surface and effectively persist on it
b) better ability than the pathogen to get nutrients
c) the capability of surviving under different environmental conditions.
These antagonists are
genetically stable, their nutritious requirements are not demanding, they are capable of surviving under adverse environmental conditions, they have a high reproductive capability, and are not pathogenic to their host.
The mechanisms these antagonists use to inhibit the pathogen growth and establishment are among others, antibiosis, competition for resources, lytic enzyme production, and parasitism.
When the resident microbiota prevents the establishment of a pathogen, it is called _microbial antagonism_.
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The risk of schizophrenia among biological relatives is greatest for identical twins.
a. true
b. false
The risk of schizophrenia among biological relatives is greatest for identical twins. This is a true statement.
What is schizophrenia?Schizophrenia is a neurological disorder that causes an affected individual to lose touch of reality.
Schizophrenia can be caused by the following:
Genetics: Gene defects caused by mutation such as deletions or duplications of genetic material increases risk of schizophrenia.Environment: Urbanicity, migration, cannabis, childhood traumas, infectious agents, obstetrical complications and psychosocial factorsBrain chemistry and circuitBrain abnormalities: Impaired communication between brain regions leads to the associated symptoms and cognitive changes.According to research, the risk of schizophrenia among biological relatives is greatest for identical twins because they are genetically identical.
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In a tube of media, what type of microorganism would you expect to find at the very bottom of the media?
In a tube of media, Obligate anaerobes would be found at the very bottom of the media.
These microbes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
Obligate anaerobes do not possess the defenses that make aerobic life possible and therefore cannot survive in air. The excited singlet oxygen molecule is very reactive. Therefore, superoxide must be removed for the cells to survive in the presence of oxygen.
Microaerophiles will grow in a thin layer below the richly-oxygenated layers.
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Which process is a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?
Segmentation is a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine.
What is segmentation in the small intestine?
Segmentation, which mostly affects the small intestine, is made up of localized contractions of the Gastro-Intestinal tract's circular muscle. These contractions separate out little portions of the intestine, allowing their contents to move back and forth while being continuously divided, broken up, and mixed.
Our intestines' circular muscles contract during segmentation to churn food back and forth, rather like a washing machine. This churning helps break down food into tiny bits for digestion by allowing it to mix with gastric secretions in the intestines. By bringing chyme into contact with the intestinal walls during segmentation, the technique also helps to increase absorption.
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The direct pathway to the amygdala is _____ and conveys _____ detail than the indirect pathway to the amygdala.
The direct pathway to the amygdala is faster and conveys less detail than the indirect pathway to the amygdala.
The centre for integrating emotions, emotional behaviour, and motivation is the amygdala. The amygdala plays a crucial role in the circuits that process fear. It mediates the arousal of fear and the link between a stimulus and fear. As a result, two channels allow information to reach the amygdala when a tone indicates danger.
Since one channel is quickly processed, the amygdala receives only approximate information about an emotional signal coming from the thalamus. The amygdala receives information about an emotional stimulus from the thalamus indirectly, through the brain. As a result, the information received via the indirect pathway is processed at a higher level and arrives at the amygdala with a short delay.
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A botanist scrapes pollen off a flower of one plant and then uses it to pollinate the flower of another plant. What can be scientifically concluded
about their offspring?
A. They will have a large amount of genetic variation.
B. They will have twice the number of chromosomes as their parents.
C. They will be genetically distinct from their parents.
D. They will be able to reproduce only asexually.
Answer:
C. They will be genetically distinct from their parents.
Explanation:
It is clear that a botanist assisted in the sexual reproduction of plants since pollen was removed from one plant's blossom and used to pollinate the flower of another.
Two separate gametes from two different parents are mingled during sexual reproduction, which aids in the generation of genetically distinct children since each gamete may carry different gene alleles, expanding the population's gene pool.
The children will be genetically diverse from their parents as a result.
The scientifically concluded statement about the offspring in this scenario is: They will be genetically distinct from their parents. The correct option is C.
When a botanist scrapes pollen from one plant and uses it to pollinate the flower of another plant, it is a form of artificial cross-pollination.
This process introduces genetic material from one plant to another, promoting genetic recombination.
Through cross-pollination, the offspring inherit genetic material from both parent plants, resulting in a combination of genetic traits.
This genetic mixing leads to genetic distinctiveness in the offspring compared to their parents.
The offspring may exhibit traits and characteristics that are a combination or variation of those present in the parent plants.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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Kendra is studying the energy pyramid shown. Which statement is supported by the energy pyramid?
A) The ecosystem can support fewer foxes than grasshoppers.
What is energy pyramid?An energy pyramid is also called ecological pyramid. It is a graphical representation of the energy that are found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem. The largest level of the pyramid is the producers that is present at the bottom and the shortest level is present on the top of the pyramid which is tertiary consumer that have very low in population. This make the structure like a pyramid. We know that the size of the fox is bigger than grasshopper so more energy is needed by the fox which causes fewer foxes can survive in the ecosystem.
So we can conclude that the ecosystem can support fewer foxes than grasshoppers.
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The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is __________ pressure
The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is osmotic pressure. The plasma membrane forms a vesicle around the substances to be transported, and the vesicle around the vesicle is taken into cells.
Osmotic pressure depends on both the pressure gradient and concentration gradient. This is only affected by the temperature and concentration of solute, each affect the movement of water across a membrane.
Higher the concentration is higher temperature increases osmotic pressure, which produced or associate with osmosis and dependent on molar concentration and absolute temperature. Hydro-static pressure forces fluid out of the capillary , osmotic pressure draws fluid back in.
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Jennifer higdon’s blue cathedral opens with bell-like timbres, a style known as what?
Jennifer Higdon's blue cathedral was inspired by the grief over her brother's death. Neo-Romanticism incorporates the lush harmonic language of the Romantic era.
Jennifer Higdon's blue cathedral was inspired by the grief over her brother's death. Jennifer Higdon's blue cathedral is written for a small orchestra.
Of playing in the university orchestra, she has said Because I came to classical music very differently than most people, the newer stuff had more appeal for me than the older. While at Bowling Green, she met Robert Spano, who was teaching a conducting course there and who became one of the champions of Higdon's.
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Which enzyme will be most involved in the digestion of high protein food?
a. salivary amylase
b. pancreatic looses
c. protease
d. sucrase
Answer:
a. salivary amylase
Explanation:
salivary amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars for the body to absorb more efficiently.
Which process must occur for a muscle to be able to relax?
Answer:
Muscles must relax with the process called progressive muscle relaxation.
Progressive muscle relaxation is a non-pharmacological method of deep muscle relaxation, based on the premise that muscle tension is the body's psychological response to anxiety-provoking thoughts and that muscle relaxation blocks anxiety.
Bacterial cells are capable of being transformed only under certain conditions. Bacteria that are in the particular physiological state to become transformed are called ________.
Answer:
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Explanation: