By generating a rate law is complicated when the rate-determining step is preceded by 'a' is a Equilibrium reaction.
What is rate law?The rate law shows about the rate of chemical reaction depends on reactant concentration.
According to rate law, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reaction which is raised to a stiochiometric coefficient which is determined experimentally.
Thus, from above we concluded that if the preceding reaction is an equilibrium, that compromises the simplicity of writing the rate law from the stiochiometry of the rate determining step will be used up in the reverse reaction of the equilibrium.
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Which spectroscopic tool would be best for distinguishing a sample of 1,2,2-tribromopropane from 1,1,2-tribromopropane?
1-H NMR spectroscopy tool will be used for distinguishing a sample of 1,2,2-tribromopropane from 1,1,2-tribromopropane.
The preferred method for determining or validating the structure of organic molecules or those containing protons is H NMR. When compared to other nuclei, a solution-state proton spectrum may be obtained relatively quickly, and it contains a wealth of knowledge regarding a compound's structure.
It can be calculated by simply counting the number of unique hydrogens on one side of the symmetry plane will give you the count of signals individual molecules emit in a 1H NMR spectrum.
Therefore, 1-H NMR spectroscopy tool will be used for distinguishing a sample of 1,2,2-tribromopropane from 1,1,2-tribromopropane.
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If you attempt to produce work using the formation reaction of methanol (CH3OH), and the reaction is carried out reversibly, what is the minimum amount of heat wasted?
The minimum amount of heat wasted in the production of methanol is 239kJ/mol of heat.
What is the heat wasted?Now we know that the enthalpy is the heat that is released or absorbed in a reaction. The reaction involves the combination of reactants that leads to the formation of the product(s).
Now we know that the production of methanol leads to the evolution of about 239kJ/mol of heat. This heat is wasted as it goes to no good use but is just lost to the environment.
As such, the minimum amount of heat wasted in the production of methanol is 239kJ/mol of heat.
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What volume of carbon dioxide will be produced if 2. 90 moles of iron (fe) is produced?
The volume of carbon dioxide that will be produced is 191.4 g.
Calculation:
The following is the balanced equation for the given reaction:
Fe₂O₃(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO₂(g),
It is obvious that when 1.0 mole of Fe2O3 reacts with 3.0 mole of CO, 2.0 mole of Fe and 3.0 mole of CO2 are produced.
Hence by using cross multiplication:
If 2.0 mol of Fe was produced with → 3.0 mol of CO₂, from stoichiometry.
Then how many moles of CO₂ are produced by 2.9 mol of Fe?
To find the answer we have a formula:
∴ The no. of moles of CO₂ produced = (3.0 mol)(2.9 mol)/(2.0 mol) = 4.35 mol.
∴ The mass of CO₂ produced = no. of moles x molar mass = (4.35 mol)(44.0 g/mol) = 191.4 g.
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Typically, amides will hydrolyze under ________ conditions than esters. stronger milder more saline less vigorous more dilute.
Typically, amides will hydrolyze under milder conditions than esters.
So, second option is correct one.
In acidic medium, amide interact with the water molecules to give a carboxylic aid and salt of ammonia or amine salt whereas in a basic medium, amides interacts with water molecules to give carboxylic aid and salt of ammonia or amine salt. An amides will hydrolyze under milder conditions because amide is least reactive than ester. The electronegativiy of nitrogen is less than oxygen. So, nitrogen transfer more electron cloud than oxygen towards carbonyl carbon. So, carbonyl group of amide hydrolysis in milder condition than ester.
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_________ is generally an intermolecular force, and __________ is only an intramolecular attractive force.
Hydrogen bonding is generally an intermolecular force, and covalent bonding is only an intramolecular attractive force.
When a hydrogen atom gets bound to a powerfully electronegative atom and is in close proximity to some other electronegative atom with such a single electron pairs, a hydrogen bond occurs as an intermolecular force (IMF).
The three types of intermolecular interactions include dipole-dipole, London dispersion, and hydrogen bonding forces. Metal bonds, ionic bonds, as well as covalent bonds are mostly the three types of intramolecular forces.
Therefore, Hydrogen bonding is generally an intermolecular force, and covalent bonding is only an intramolecular attractive force.
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The materials in the flux covering on an electrode determine the electrical characteristics of the electrode.
a. true
b. false
Answer:
a. true
Explanation:
It is true that, the materials in the flux covering on an electrode determine the electrical characteristics of the electrode.
Suppose protons were emitted rather than electrons. How would this affect the experiment?
Suppose protons were emitted rather than electrons then it affects the experiment as the mean velocity of proton will be less then mean velocity electron .
The mass of proton is greater than the mass of electrons but charge of electron is equal to the charge of proton . So , due to difference in the mass of electron and proton there will be some effects. We can conserve the electric energy which is equal to the qe .
The kinetic energy = 1/2[tex]mv^{2}[/tex]
Now changing the electric potential energy into kinetic energy
v = √2qe/m
The mean velocity of proton will be less then mean velocity electron .
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A 20. 0 l cylinder of oxygen gas is at a temperature of 27. 0°c and a pressure of 5. 00 atm. what is the density of the oxygen gas in the cylinder?
A 20. 0 l cylinder of oxygen gas is at a temperature of 27. 0°c and a pressure of 5. 00 atm. The density of the oxygen gas in the cylinder is 1.24 atm
The physical force applied to an object is referred to as pressure. Per unit area, a perpendicular force is delivered to the surface of the objects. F/A is the fundamental formula for pressure (Force per unit area). Pascals are a unit of pressure (Pa). Absolute, atmospheric, differential, and gauge pressures are different types of pressure.
By pressing a knife on some fruit, one can get a straightforward illustration of pressure. The surface won't be cut if you press the flat section of the knife against the fruit. The force is dispersed over a wide area (low pressure).
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Apples tend to be more acidic than cherries. that means that cherries then to have a
Answer:
Higher pH (more alkaline)
Explanation:
The pH scale measures on a scale of 0 to 14 the acidity or basicness of whatever is being tested.
The lower the pH, the more acidic it will be. Acids are scaled as being anything having a pH of lower than 7.
The higher the pH, the more alkaline (or basic) it will be. Bases are scaled as being anything having a pH of higher than 7.
Substances that are at a pH of 7 are considered neutral, like water (H2O)
Formic acid, which is a component of insect venom, has a ka = 1. 8 ✕ 10-4. what is the [h3o ] in a solution that is initially 0. 10 m formic acid, hcooh?
The [H3O+ ] in a solution that is initially 0. 10 m formic acid, hcooh is 0.00415M.
What is formic acid?Formic acid is defined as the simplest carboxalic acid which contain one carbon atom. It is weak acid.
Another name of formic acid is methanoic acid. It is used as the preservation and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.Exposure to Formic Acid can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. individuals, may cause a skin allergy.Thus we concluded from the image that the
concentration of [H30+] is 0.00413M.
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What is the molar solubility of CAF2in pure water at 25°c?
Answer:
1.7x10g per 100cc
Explanation:
The solubility product of Caf, at 25 °C is about X x 10-11 mol/L.
The hydrogen gas produced is collected over water at 25.0 oC. The volume of the gas is 7.80 L, and the total pressure in the gas collection vessel is 0.980 atm. Calculate the mass of zinc metal that reacted in grams.
Answer:
20.4 grams Zn
Explanation:
To find the mass, you first need to find the moles. This can be found using the Ideal Gas Law equation:
PV = nRT
In this equation,
-----> P = pressure (atm)
-----> V = volume (L)
-----> n = moles
-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
Before you can plug the values into the equation, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.
P = 0.980 atm R = 0.08206 atm*L/mol*K
V = 7.80 L T = 25.0 °C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
n = ? moles
PV = nRT
(0.980 atm)(7.80 L) = n(0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)(298.15 K)
7.644 = n(24.466)
0.312 moles = n
Now that you have the number of moles, you can convert it to grams using the atomic mass of zinc. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs in the given values.
Atomic Mass (Zn): 65.380 g/mol
0.312 moles Zn 65.380 grams
------------------------- x ------------------------- = 20.4 grams Zn
1 mole
The average atomic mass of lithium is 6.94 amu. Based on the atomic masses of the two isotopes of lithium, how do the relative abundances of the isotopes compare?
Answer:
Answer:
a) The relative abundance of Li-6 =0.0749 = 7.49%
The relative abundance of Li-7 =1 - 0.0749 = 0.9251 =92.51%
b) The fraction of sample of lithium atoms with exact mass of 6.941 amu is 0.
The relative abundance of ⁶Li is around 0.076, and the relative abundance of ⁷Li is approximately 0.924.
To determine the relative abundances of isotopes, we need to compare the atomic masses of the isotopes and their average atomic mass.
Lithium has two stable isotopes: lithium-6 (⁶Li) and lithium-7 (⁷Li). The atomic masses of these isotopes are approximately 6.015 amu and 7.016 amu, respectively.
The average atomic mass of lithium, given as 6.94 amu, is a weighted average of the masses of the two isotopes, taking into account their relative abundances.
Let's assume the relative abundance of ⁶Li is x (in decimal form) and the relative abundance of ⁷Li is (1 - x). The average atomic mass equation can be set up as:
(6.015 amu * x) + (7.016 amu * (1 - x)) = 6.94 amu
Simplifying the equation:
6.015x + 7.016 - 7.016x = 6.94
Combining like terms:
-0.001x = -0.076
Dividing both sides by -0.001:
x ≈ 0.076
Therefore, the relative abundance of lithium-6 (⁶Li) is approximately 0.076, and the relative abundance of lithium-7 (⁷Li) is approximately (1 - 0.076) = 0.924.
In summary, the relative abundance of ⁶Li is around 0.076, and the relative abundance of ⁷Li is approximately 0.924.
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What process involves the addition of a hydrogen molecule to compounds containing multiple bonds?
The process which involves the addition of a hydrogen molecule to compounds containing multiple bonds will be known as hydrogenation reaction.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are transformed into saturated hydrocarbons by the addition process when they interact with hydrogen gas and nickel. The term "hydrogenation reaction" is also employed to describe this process.
In the production of fats and oils, hydrogenation seems to be crucial for two reasons. It increases the oil's oxidative stability and turns liquid oils become semisolid or plastic fats for use in shortenings as well as margarine, among other things.
Therefore, the process which involves the addition of a hydrogen molecule to compounds containing multiple bonds will be known as hydrogenation reaction.
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What are the three forms of water found on Earth?
Answer:
By form if you mean states then it's,
Water is found on Earth as drinking water (liquid), water vapour (gas) and ice (solid).
Two significance of melting point
The significance of melting points are
it gives us a idea about inter molecular force which binds the particles together.at melting point the solid and liquid states exist in equilibrium.What is melting point?The melting point is the temperature at which a given substance change its physical state from solid to liquid. At this point solids and liquids exist at equilibrium. Melting point of a substance depends on pressure. The melting point of ice increases when pressure decreases. Melting point of a substance decreases by the presence of impurities in it. so you increase or decrease the melting point on any substance by adding more impurities. Ionic bonds, shape and size of molecules are some other factors that affect the melting point.
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5 A farmer stopped maintaining a field that was
once used to grow crops. Over time, the field
eventually became a forest. These changes best
illustrate the process of
(1) ecological succession
(2) nutrient recycling
(3) decomposition
(4) competition
Answer: nutrient
Explanation:
In an ecosystem like where a farmer stopped maintaining a field that was once used to grow crops. Over time, the field eventually became a forest. These changes best illustrate the process of nutrient recycling.
What is an ecosystem?
Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.
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If an aluminum manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the smoke it emits, it will.
If an aluminum manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the smoke it emits, it will.
release more smoke than what is socially acceptable.
What is smoke?Smoke is a mixture of airborne gases and particulates released during the combustion or pyrolysis of a substance, along with the amount of air entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. It is frequently a waste product of fires, such as those caused by stoves, candles, internal combustion engines, oil lamps, and fireplaces, but it can also be used for other purposes, such as fumigation, communication, military defensive and offensive capabilities, cooking, or smoking (tobacco, cannabis, etc.). It is utilized in ceremonies when sage, resin, or incense are burned to create a scent for occult or spiritual purposes. It can also function as a preservative and flavor.
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Write an equation to represent the following reaction:
Borax is heated with CoO
The equation of the reaction is; B2O3 + CoO -----> Co(BO2)2.
What is a reaction?The term chemical reaction has to do with the interaction between reactants in order to yield products. We know that when a chemical reaction occurs, the reactants are rearranged to form the products.
Now the first step in this reaction is that the Borax is heated to form boric anhydride (B2O3). Thus compound now reacts with cobalt II oxide as follows; B2O3 + CoO -----> Co(BO2)2.
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Which compound contains a chiral carbon atom? 3-chloropentane 2-bromopropane 3-bromopentane 2-bromopentane
The compound 2-bromopentane contains a chiral carbon atom.
So , option D is correct one.
The carbon which is bonded with four different substituent or four valency of carbon is satisfy by the four different substituent is called chiral carbon and the molecule contain such chiral carbon is called chiral molecule. The molecule contain chiral carbon rotates plane polarized light.
Example: The compound 2-bromopentane contains chiral carbon at second carbon and four different substituent at second carbon is methyl , bromine , propyl and hydrogen.
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There are TWO isotopes of chlorine. Under normal conditions, chlorine exists as diatomic molecule, Cl₂. The mass of the Cl₂ molecule is the sum of masses of the two atoms in the molecule. The mass spectrum of Cl₂ has three peaks, as shown below. From this data, what is the mass of the heavier isotope of chlorine (in amu)?
Peak 1- 69.938 amu
Peak 2- 71.935 amu
Peak 3- 73.932 amu
The the mass of the heavier isotope of chlorine (in amu) is 73.932 amu.
What are isotopes?The term isotopes refers atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass number. We must know that all these atoms belong to the same element an differ only in the number of neutrons present in the atom of the element. Hence isotopes are different atoms of the same element hence they have the same chemical properties or reactivity. The mass spectrum is able to show the masses of each of the isotopes according to their order of relative abundance in nature.
Looking at the peaks, we know that the heaviest isotope is the one whose mass will have the highest peak as shown in the mass spectrum of the element as shown. Thus, the the mass of the heavier isotope of chlorine (in amu) is 73.932 amu. The mass spectrum of element also shows this fact.
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number of atoms in 10g of compound is 30.066×10^23. find the molecular mass of compound?
The molecular mass of a 10g compound that has 30.066 × 10²³ atoms is 2.00g/mol.
How to calculate molecular mass?The molecular mass of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by the number of moles.
molecular mass = mass ÷ no of moles
However, the number of moles of the substance must first be calculated by dividing the number of atoms by Avogadro's number.
no of moles = 30.066 × 10²³ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³
no of moles = 4.99moles
molecular mass = 10g ÷ 4.99 moles = 2.00 g/mol
Therefore, the molecular mass of a 10g compound that has 30.066 × 10²³ atoms is 2.00g/mol.
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A liquid that occupies a
volume of 3.23 L has a mass of
3.188 kg.
What is the density of this
liquid
in kg/L?
A. 1.01 kg/L
C. 0.04 kg/L
B. 10.3 kg/L
D. 0.987 kg/L
Answer:
D
Explanation:
You are looking for kg / L
3.188 kg / 3.23 L = .987 kg/L
7. Which functional group is present in the following molecule?
A. An acid
B An aldehyde
C. An amide
D. An alcohol
Answer:
An amide.
Explanation:
Amides are functional groups, in which a carbonyl atom is linked by a single bond to a nitrogen atom and either a hydrogen or a carbon atom. These defining traits single this functional group out as an amide.
The chemoreceptors located on the tongue for the detection of taste are found in structures called blank______.
The chemoreceptors located on the tongue for the detection of taste are found in structures called taste buds.
What are chemoreceptors?
Receptors that respond to chemicals are known as chemoreceptors. Chemoreception depends primarily on the senses of taste and smell. Chemoreception relies on chemicals that act as signals to regulate cell function, without the chemical necessarily being taken into the cell for metabolic purposes.What are taste buds or taste receptors?
Taste receptors are confined to the oral cavity. They are most abundant on the tongue but also occur on the palate and epiglottis and in the upper part of the oesophagus.The taste receptor cells, with which incoming chemicals interact to produce electrical signals, occur in groups of 50–150. Each of these groups forms a taste bud. On the tongue, taste buds are grouped together into taste papillae. On average, the human tongue has 2,000–8,000 taste buds, implying that there are hundreds of thousands of receptor cells.To learn more about taste buds: https://brainly.com/question/8624931
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15. conjugated dienes routinely undergo 1,2 and 1,4 addition reactions with a variety of electrophilic reagents; this suggests that ___ are likely intermediates during these reactions
Conjugated dienes routinely undergo 1,2 and 1,4 addition reactions with a variety of electrophilic reagents; this suggests that electrophilic reagents are likely intermediates during these reactions.
Two double bonds and one single bond divide a conjugated diene into two halves. Nonconjugated (Isolated) Dienes have more than one single bond separating two double bonds. Two double bonds are joined to the same atom to form cumulated dienes.
Reagents that function by acquiring electrons or sharing electrons that once belonged to a foreign molecule are referred to as electrophilic reagents, or electrophiles, in some cases. Electrophiles are molecules with a positive charge and a lack of electrons that can react by exchanging electron pairs with nucleophiles, which have many electrons. Epoxides, hydroxy amines, nitroso and azoxy derivatives, nitrenium ions, and elemental sulfur are significant electrophiles.
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Calculate the average acceleration from the following data points: v1 = 150 m/s, v2 = 975 m/s, t1 = 15 s, t2 = 55 s
The average acceleration from the following data points is 20.625 m/s^2.
We know that average acceleration = change in speed / change in time
here,
change in speed = v2-v1
= 975-150
= 825 m/s
change in time = t2 - t1
= 55 - 15
= 40 s
now, putting all the values, average acceleration = 825 / 40
= 20.625 m/ s^2 .
what is acceleration?
The rate at which an entity's velocity with regard to time changes is referred to as acceleration in mechanics. They are vector quantities, accelerations. The direction of the net force acting on an object determines the direction of its acceleration.
The SI unit of acceleration is metre per second square (m/s^2).
An average acceleration the speed at which velocity changes, the evolution of velocity through time, or the instantaneous acceleration ( acceleration at a given moment ) .
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How much energy, in kilojoules, is required to melt 20 kg of ice at 0°C?
The energy required to melt 20 kg of ice at 0°C is 6.68 kJ.
The enthalpy change for melting of an ice is called the enthalpy of fusion. Its value is 6.02 kJ/mol. This means for every mole of ice we must apply 6.02 kJ of heat for melting. The calculation of heat is done by following equation.
q = n×ΔH
q is heat n is number of molesΔH is change in enthapyin this problem we need to calculate heat needed to melt 20grams of ice at 0°C .
Calculation of moles of water,
Number of moles of water (n) = given mass/ molar mass = 20g/18.02g/mol
Number of moles of water (n) = 1.109 mole
heat or energy required = q = n×ΔH = 1.109 mole× 6.02 kJ/mol = 6.68 kJ
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A mutation has occurred directly after the start codon within an mrna sequence. which provided mutation will have the most serious effect on the resulting polypeptide?
A mutation has occurred directly after the start codon within an mrna sequence. A deletion of two nucleotide provided mutation will have the most serious effect on the resulting polypeptide.
What a codon in mRNA sequence provides?The first codon in mRNA transcript is known as start codon.
Start codon provides initiation signals for the ribosomes to start the process of translation during which formation of polypeptide chain takes place.
What is frameshift mutation?It arises when the normal sequence of codon is disrupted by the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides, provided that the no. of nucleotide which is added or removed is not multiple of three.
Thus, we concluded that the deletion of two nucleotide make frameshift mutation.
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A student weighs out 0. 0422 g of magnesium metal. The magnesium metal is reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. A sample of hydrogen gas is collected over water in a eudiometer at 32. 0°c. The volume of collected gas is 43. 9 ml and the atmospheric pressure is 832 mmhg. Using the experimentally collected data, calculate r and the percent error.
The R was found to be = 0.6711 L atm/mol.K
The percent error was found to be =18.22 %
How come magnesium is a metal?The three elements that form magnesium a metal are as follows: It effectively conducts electricity. An electropositive element is magnesium. Magnesium has a relatively low ionization enthalpy.
Where can one find magnesium metal?In the crust of the planet, magnesium is the seventh most prevalent element. It is found in huge amounts as magnesite, dolomite, and other minerals but does not naturally occur uncombined.
What applications does magnesium have?Magnesium supports muscle and neuron function as well as energy synthesis in the body, among many other vital functions. Typically, low magnesium levels don't result in any symptoms. On the other hand, persistently low levels can raise your risk of osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.learn more about Magnesium here
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