Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) You ask your lab partner to inspire a normal tidal inspiration, and breathe out a normal tidal expiration, then exhale as forcibly as possible into the spirometer mouthpiece. As before, several measurements were taken. a. Measurement 1: 800 b. Measurement 2: 850 c. Measurement 3: 780 2 10 points
Calculate the average expiratory reserve volume (ERV). Round to the nearest whole number. Your lab partners average expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is​

Answer:

See below.

Explanation:

The biological process of creating two identical copies of DNA from a single original DNA molecule is known as DNA replication.

A double helix of two complementary strands makes up DNA. These strands are split apart in the replication process. The method of semi-conservative replication uses each strand of the original DNA molecule as a template to create its counterpart.

This process is carried out by several enzymes which are listed below along with their activity

__

DNA Dependent DNA POLYMERASE is a class of enzymes that is responsible for all organisms' DNA replication processes. It accelerates DNA replication in the 5′ to 3′ range.The enzyme known as TOPOISOMERASE is involved in the over- or under-winding of DNA.HELICASE—Using the energy from ATP hydrolysis, which is characterized by the breakdown of hydrogen bonds between annealed nucleotide bases, helicases are frequently employed to separate the strands of a DNA double helix or a self-annealed RNA molecule.DNA GYRASE, a particular kind of topoisomerase, relieves strain caused by DNA helicase's unwinding action.DNA LIGASE- Joins the OKAZAKI FRAGMENT of the lagging strand and re-anneals the semi-conservative strands.PRIMASE - Primase catalyzes the production of a short primer, which is a ssDNA template-specific piece of RNA (or DNA in other species).

REPLICATION FORK -

INITIATION: The beginning of DNA replication takes place at certain locations in DNA known as ori-sites or regions. Enzymes often recognize these locations and initiate the process. As opposed to C-G base pairs, which produce three hydrogen bonds, A-T base pairs only form two hydrogen bonds, making them easier to strand split. As a result, these sites are typically "AT-rich" (rich in adenine and thymine bases). Following the discovery of the origin, enzymes create a pre-replication complex that unzips the double-stranded DNA. The enzyme topoisomerase is involved in this process. ELONGATION: The 5'-3' activity of the DNA polymerase enzyme. Now, a new strand was created by DNA polymerase enzymes in the direction of 5′ to 3′ (note: the DNA template is read in 3' to 5' direction). RNA primers were simultaneously created by the primase enzyme and utilised by the polymerase to create new strands of RNA.

Due to the 5′ - 3′ orientation of the DNA polymerase enzyme, two types of strands are formed.

LEADING STRAND - A DNA polymerase with high processivity that has the direction 5′ - 3′ (template strand 3′-5′) extends the continuous strand from the primer in the same direction as the replication fork that is expanding. One RNA primer is applied to the leading strand. LAGGING STRAND - It is the discontinuous strand whose synthesis is going in the opposite direction of the replication fork that is developing. Each primer extends the lagging strand intermittently to create Okazaki fragments. A low processivity DNA polymerase that is different from the replicative polymerase enters to fill the gaps after RNase eliminates the priming RNA pieces. Multiple primers are applied to the lagging strand, and then the Okazaki fragments are joined by the ligase enzyme, filling in the gaps.TERMINATION - Replication forks meet and end at several locations throughout the chromosome because eukaryotes start DNA replication at various locations; it is unknown how these are controlled. Termination necessitates the halting or blocking of the DNA replication fork's forward motion. When termination occurs at a particular locus, it includes the interaction of two elements: (1) a DNA sequence known as a termination site sequence, and (2) a protein that binds to this region to actually cease DNA replication.

- Thank you.

The tremendous increase in human population in the last few decades is as a result of agriculture. That is option D.

What is the causes of over population?

The population of a particular area can increase over a period of time due to the following reasons:

increased birth rates,

decreased death rates,

increased immigration, and

decreases emigration.

But if a population is given unlimited amounts of food, moisture, and oxygen, and other environmental factors, it will show exponential growth.

Therefore, the tremendous increase in human population in the last few decades is as a result of agriculture.

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Answer:

one solid insoluble substance

one solid insoluble substance other different size.

Answer:

Accumulation of lactic acid

The anaerobic cellular process is a type of respiration that occurs in the scarcity of oxygen. Lactic acid gets accumulated in anaerobic respiration during vigorous exercise. Thus, option A is correct.

What is anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration is a cellular process where the organic and the biological fuel are broken and oxidized through the electron transport chain in the cytoplasm of the cell.

The anaerobic cellular process lacks the use of oxygen so to produce energy like ATP and lactic acid accumulation due to the high energy demand during vigorous exercise.

In the anaerobic cellular process, carbon dioxide and water are formed as a byproduct along with lactic acid and ATP. Lactic acid is formed from the breakdown of glucose and glycogen.

Therefore, in option A. in the anaerobic cellular process, accumulation of lactic acid occurs.

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The cell wall is composed of cellulose and pectin, cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins, chloroplast synthesize glucose, vacuole starch, and Smooth ER glycolipids.

What is the cell wall?

The cell wall is a structure in plant cells that contain different carbohydrates such as cellulose and pectin, while the cell membrane contains glycolipids and glycoproteins.

Moreover, the chloroplasts synthesize a simple carbohydrate called glucose via photosynthesis, while vacuole stores starch and smooth ER is the processing center of glycolipids.

In conclusion, the cell wall is composed of cellulose and pectin, cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins, chloroplast synthesize glucose, vacuole starch, and Smooth ER glycolipids.

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The correct abbreviation for the term Every Day is Daily.

What is an abbreviation?

An abbreviation is a term to refer to an orthographic convention that shortens the writing of a certain term or expression, and consists of the written representation of a word or group of words with only one or more of its letters.

According to the above, Daily is a correct abbreviation for the term Every Day since it expresses the same meaning with fewer letters. Additionally, this abbreviation is used in the medical field to tell patients when to take their medicine.

Doctors usually put Daily when their patient must take a medicine once a day.

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Answer:

A. The Y chromosome takes up much more space than the X chromosome

Answer:

I think the correct answer of this question is first option. Gravel is the most permeable

Answer:

small: giant, white dwarf, neutron star

big: supernova, planetary nebula

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

got it right

Lipids are organic compound that are insoluble in water.

Lipids are derive from and give eg of lipids?

Lipids are derivative of fatty acids the example of lipids are oils, wax and steroids.

Role of lipids are:

1)They fuctions as store house of energy.

2) They are important signalling molecules

3) They serve as structural components of cell membranes.

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Phospholipids are essential structural components of brain and nervous tissue, of membranes throughout body tissues, and of lipoproteins—the runners of cholesterol and fats in the blood.

What is the role of fat and lipids in the body?

Within the body, lipids serve as an energy reserve, control hormones, transmit nerve impulses, cushion vital organs, and transport fat-soluble nutrients. Fat in food serves as an power source with high caloric thickness, adds texture and taste, and donates to satiety.

What are 4 functions of lipids in the body?

The Roles of Lipids in the Body

Storing Energy. The extra energy from the food we eat is digested and incorporated into adipose tissue, or fatty tissue.Handling and Signaling. Insulating and Protective.Helping Digestion and Increasing Bioavailability.

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[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\bm {Answer:}}}}[/tex]

○ [tex]\large\tt{A.)}[/tex] motive

○ [tex]\large\tt{B.)}[/tex] observation

○ [tex]\large\tt{C.)}[/tex] reaction

◉ [tex]\large\tt{D.)}[/tex] stimulus

[tex]\huge\underline{\underline{\boxed{\bm{Explanation:}}}}[/tex]

The cue or combo of cues that produces a response is called a [tex]\large \sf{stimulus}[/tex], which is a thing or event that causes a specific reaction in an organ or tissue.

A live organism's behavior that arises in reaction to an internal or external stimuli is known as a response. Anything that makes you react, like the smell of food making your mouth moisten, is a stimulus. Responses include bodily activities like muscle contractions, gland secretions, or mental processes. Thus option D is correct.

What combo of cues that produces a response is called?

A stimulus is a thing or an event that prompts a particular response in an organ or tissue. It might be a single cue or a combination of cues.

The sensory input from the outside world consists of touch, pain, vision, smell, taste, sound, and balance (equilibrium). These sensory impulses become active in response to external changes. Touch and pain: The stimulus that can have a significant impact on the body is pain.

Therefore, An external or internal cue or combo of cues that produces a response is called a stimulus.

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Less reproductive isolation among populations that share similar habitats.

What is ecological speciation?

The process through which new species arise as a result of divergent natural selection between dissimilar ecological habitats is known as ecological speciation. Ecological speciation happens when reproductive isolation evolves as a result of adaptation to various habitats or resources.

The brief history of a gene flow barrier in the population that leads to environmentally based divergent selection in the development is known as ecological speciation. The Charles Darwin theory of evolution is connected to this one. It offers the world's population diversity. The species frequently occurs through natural selection. Additionally, the speciation happens in two ways:

Ecological speciationNatural selection

The genetic diversity in the population does contribute to ecological speciation.

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An approach that uses passive solar heating instead of electricity for businesses and homes is known as A. Daylighting.

What is daylighting?

This is the illumination of buildings with natural light through the practice of placing reflective surfaces so that sunlight can provide effective internal lighting.

Solar heating is the use of sunlight to heat water or air in the buildings using radiant light and heat which is harnessed using a range of technology such as solar power to generate electricity.

Hence, we can see that neither weatherizing, green roofing nor cool roofing is the answer because they do not deal with providing passive solar heating, but daylighting uses passive solar heating.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

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Diabetes can be properly designed by using the letter symbol for the gene concerned as a lowercase letter (d) because it is a recessive trait.

What is a recessive trait?

A recessive trait is any phenotypic feature that is expressed when two recessive alleles are found in an individual and show complete dominance by means of dominant alleles that masks recessive expression.

For example, if a normal female and a normal male in the population have a child who is diabetic, then the probability that their next child will be 25% (parents are heterozygous for the trait).

In conclusion, Diabetes can be properly designed by using the letter symbol for the gene concerned as a lowercase letter (d) because it is a recessive trait.

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AaBbCcddEe × AabbCcDdEe

AA ---> 1/4

Aa ---> 1/2

aa ---> 1/4

Bb ---> 1/2

bb ---> 1/2

CC ---> 1/4

Cc ---> 1/2

cc ---> 1/4

Dd ---> 1/2

dd ---> 1/2

EE ---> 1/4

Ee ---> 1/2

ee ---> 1/4

For example

AABbCCDdEe = 1/4.1/2.1/4.1/2.1/2 = 1/128

The proportions of each genotype among the progeny of this cross are approximately as follows:

AaAa: 13.33%Aabb: 13.33%AaBb: 26.67%AaCc: 13.33%Add: 6.67%AaDd: 13.33%AEe: 6.67%AaEe: 13.33%aEE: 6.67%aaEe: 13.33%

Punnett square analysis is needed to identify the genotype distribution among the progeny of the cross between AaBbCcddEe and AabbCcDdEe. This will make it easier for us to see the possible allele combinations of both the parents and their respective frequencies in the offspring.

The alleles for each basic genotype will be listed initially:

Parent 1 (AaBbCcddEe):

Alleles: Aa Bb Cc dd Ee

Parent 2 (AabbCcDdEe):

Alleles: Aa bb Cc Dd Ee

When we construct Punnett square, we get:

 | Aa   | Aa   |

 | Bb   | bb   |

 | Cc   | Cc   |

 | dd   | Dd   |

 | Ee   | Ee   |

------------------

Aa| AaAa | AaAa |

 | Aabb | Aabb |

------------------

Bb| AaBb | AaBb |

 | Aabb | Aabb |

------------------

Cc| AaCc | AaCc |

 | Aabb | Aabb |

------------------

dd| Add  | Add  |

 | add  | add  |

------------------

Ee| AEE  | AEe  |

 | aEE  | aEe  |

------------------

The number of each genotype in the offspring:

AaAa: 4 (AaBbCcddEe)

Aabb: 4 (AaBbCcDdEe)

AaBb: 8 (AaBbCcddEe, AaBbCcDdEe)

AaCc: 4 (AaBbCcddEe, AaBbCcDdEe)

Add: 2 (AaBbccddEe)

AaDd: 4 (AaBbccDdEe)

AEe: 2 (AaBbCcddEE, AaBbCcDdEE)

AaEe: 4 (AaBbCcddEe, AaBbCcDdEe)

aEE: 2 (aabbCcddEE, aabbCcDdEE)

aaEe: 4 (aabbCcddEe, aabbCcDdEe)

Now, we find the proportion of each genotype:

Proportion of AaAa: 4 / 30 = 2/15 ≈ 0.1333 or 13.33%

Proportion of Aabb: 4 / 30 = 2/15 ≈ 0.1333 or 13.33%

Proportion of AaBb: 8 / 30 = 4/15 ≈ 0.2667 or 26.67%

Proportion of AaCc: 4 / 30 = 2/15 ≈ 0.1333 or 13.33%

Proportion of Add: 2 / 30 = 1/15 ≈ 0.0667 or 6.67%

Proportion of AaDd: 4 / 30 = 2/15 ≈ 0.1333 or 13.33%

Proportion of AEe: 2 / 30 = 1/15 ≈ 0.0667 or 6.67%

Proportion of AaEe: 4 / 30 = 2/15 ≈ 0.1333 or 13.33%

Proportion of aEE: 2 / 30 = 1/15 ≈ 0.0667 or 6.67%

Proportion of aaEe: 4 / 30 = 2/15 ≈ 0.1333 or 13.33%

Therefore, the proportions of each genotype among the progeny of this cross are approximately as follows:

AaAa: 13.33%Aabb: 13.33%AaBb: 26.67%AaCc: 13.33%Add: 6.67%AaDd: 13.33%AEe: 6.67%AaEe: 13.33%aEE: 6.67%aaEe: 13.33%

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