Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packed in the nucleus.
Eukaryotic chromosomes are located inside the cell's nucleus. The principal function that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. This nucleus is the “control center” of the cell that stores all of the cellular's genetic records, or DNA.
In eukaryotes, however, genetic material is housed inside the nucleus and tightly packaged into linear chromosomes. Chromosomes are made of a DNA-protein complex called chromatin which is prepared into subunits called nucleosomes.
All eukaryotes have a well-described nucleus that consists of DNA. DNA is a negatively charged polymer, packed compactly inside the chromatin, engirdling the histone proteins, a ball of positively charged proteins. The octamer of histone proteins is wrapped with a DNA helix, giving rise to a structure known as nucleosomes.
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Crossing over is the only mechanism that creates genetic variation by creating hybrid chromosomes with new combinations of alleles.
a) true
b) false
This is True that Crossing over is the only mechanism that creates genetic variation by creating hybrid chromosomes with new combinations of alleles.
The term "crossing over" describes the DNA exchange that takes place between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) during the formation of egg and sperm cells (meiosis).
To boost genetic variation, chromosomes that are similar to one another cross across. A piece of one chromosome is swapped for another during crossing over. A hybrid chromosome with a distinctive genetic material pattern is the end outcome.
During the development of gametes, crossing over aids in the random distribution of genetic material. As a result, gametes are created that are genetically unique from the parents and siblings of those gametes.
However, by randomly arranging chromosomes through independent assortment and fertilization, genetic variation is produced.
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Which observations led wallace to understand how species change over time? choose all the statements that apply
The observations which led Wallace to understand how species change over time are as follows:-
The traits in a population vary from one individual to another.Populations exhibit a tendency to produce more offspring in each generation than will survive.Individuals possessing traits which give them a slight advantage over other individuals in a population will survive, and over the period of time the former will surpass other individuals.Wallace did extensive fieldwork, firstly in the Amazon river basin and later in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now know as the Wallace Line. The line divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts; a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia.
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The presence of both immature neutrophils and nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood is most accurately called a:______.
The presence of both immature neutrophils and nucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood is most accurately called a Neutrophilic shift .
Immature neutrophils in the blood may indicate the presence of a disorder in the bone marrow, such as leukemia. When immature neutrophils are found in the blood, doctors usually take a sample of bone marrow .Nucleated RBCs (NRBCs) are immature RBCs not normally seen in the peripheral blood beyond the neonatal period. Their appearance in peripheral blood of children and adults signifies bone marrow damage or stress and potentially serious underlying disease. Nucleated red blood cells represent a very immature form of erythrocytes that are released by the bone marrow when the body significantly lacks red blood cells, such as in severe anemia, thalassemia.
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Which of these amino acids are converted to succinyl coa? 1. isoleucine 2. valine 3. methionine 4. arginine 5. threonine a. 2, 3, and 4 b. 1, 3, and 5 c. 2 and 4 d. 2, 4, and 5 e. 1 and 5
Isoleucine ,methionine and valine are converted to succinyl coA.
Isoleucine and valine can be converted to succinyl-CoA after converting first to propionyl-CoA. Since conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA requires vitamin B12, catabolism of these amino acids also requires the same vitamin.
Valine oxidation produces propionyl-coA, which is converted into methyl malonyl and succinyl-coA. Succinyl CoA can be formed from methyl malonyl CoA through the utilization of deoxyadenosyl-B12 (deoxy adenosyl cobalamin) by the enzyme methyl malonyl-CoA mutase.
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According to the environmental protection agency, the greatest current water-pollution challenge in the united states is?
According to the environmental protection agency, the greatest current water-pollution challenge in the united states is agricultural runoff.
Agricultural Runoff is water from farm fields due to irrigation, rain, or melted snow that flows over the earth that can absorb into the ground, enter bodies of waters or evaporate.
Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture can contaminate both groundwater and surface water, as can organic livestock wastes, antibiotics, silage effluents, lakes, rivers, and marine beaches and processing wastes from plantation crops.
Landowners can prevent runoff by using best practices that keep soil and other pollution out of streams and rivers.
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How might a mutation in either a hormone or its receptor affect the physiological system that it normally regulates?
A mutation in either a hormone or its receptor might affect the physiological system that it normally regulates by either blocking hormone effect or creating a completely different effect.
Hormones can be called chemical messengers which coordinate distinct functions in the body. Many glands, organs and tissues produce and release hormones, many of which constitute the endocrine system.
A hormone will only act on a part of the body if it fits i.e. if the cells in the target tissue have receptors which can receive the message of the hormone. Given that hormones carry instructions in their structure, mutations alter their structures by changing nucleic acid sequences which blocks hormone function.
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8. What is one of the functions of the integumentary system, which includes skin and hair?
A. Provide important minerals to the body
B. Prevent passive transport
C. Regulate body temperature
D. Fight infection
Regulate body temperature is one of the functions of the integumentary system.
What is the functions of the integumentary system?The main function of the integumentary system is that it serve as a barrier between the internal body and outside environment such as bacteria, pollution, and Ultra Violet rays from the sun. It also helps maintain body fluids, remove waste products, and regulate our body temperature which leads to homeostasis or equilibrium state in our body.
So we can conclude that regulate body temperature is one of the functions of the integumentary system.
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Which protein does not belong in a thin filament? which protein does not belong in a thin filament? tropomyosin actin myosin troponin
Myosin protein does not belong in a thin filament.
What is myosin?Myosin are a class of motor proteins well recognized for their functions in the contraction of muscles and a variety of other eukaryotic motility processes. They are ATP-dependent and in charge of motility based on actin. By Wilhelm Kuhne, the first myosin was identified in 1864.Myosin, the first molecular motor, is a protein that converts ATP-derived chemical energy into mechanical energy to generate force and movement.A fibrous globulin found in muscles that may divide ATP and interacts with actin to generate actomyosin during muscle contraction.Each type of muscle tissue contains the proteins myosin and actin. Thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments combine to create muscle contractions and movement.The molecular motor known as myosin transforms the chemical energy supplied by ATP into mechanical energy.Learn more about myosin here:
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What are some similarities and differences between the anthropologist subdisciplines?
Sociology and anthropology do have some parallels, but they are not exactly the same. On the one hand, anthropology examines the physical traits, environments, and cultures of modern humans and their forebears. Sociocultural, linguistic, biological, and archaeological anthropology are its subfields.
What is anthropology?In addition to studying the historical and modern human species, anthropology also examines human behavior, biology, cultures, civilizations, and linguistics. The scientific study of humans is known as anthropology. Anthropologists investigate all the various dimensions of the human experience from a holistic perspective. To learn how and what mattered to human groups hundreds or thousands of years ago, they turn to the past through archaeology. Human societies are compared internationally and historically in anthropology.For instance, we contrast the legal and religious systems of today with those of the past. We research multinational firms while comparing social systems such as family dynamics.The study of early hominids, chimpanzees, and people is known as anthropology.
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Why was the original ""one gene–one enzyme"" hypothesis modified to ""one gene–one polypeptide""?
The original "one gene–one enzyme" hypothesis was modified to " one gene–one polypeptide" because not all proteins are enzymes, and many proteins are built from two or more distinct polypeptide chains.
According to the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis, which was put forth by George Wells Beadle in the US in 1941, each gene directly generates a single enzyme, which then influences a particular stage in a metabolic pathway. Since one gene can produce several proteins and not all proteins are enzymes, the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis of Beadle and Tatum has been amended. We also know that enzymes are made up of many polypeptides. Therefore, "one gene-one polypeptide" has been changed to make the hypothesis more precise.
In contrast to the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis, which claims that one gene regulates the creation of just one polypeptide chain of an enzyme molecule, the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis states that one gene controls the production of one enzyme.
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What is a potential outcome if one of your father's gametes did not go through meiosis correctly and one of the chromosomes did not separate correctly?
In this case, you will inherit a normal amount of genetic material from your mother but inherited an extra chromosome from your father.
Chromosome number anomalies are the easiest chromosomal illnesses to diagnose from a karyogram. Chromosome number disorders include alterations in the number of full sets of chromosomes as well as the duplication or deletion of entire chromosomes.
Nondisjunction, which happens when sister chromatids or homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to split during meiosis, is what causes them. The parent's age raises the likelihood of nondisjunction.
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During a procedure called ___, angela's knee pain and joint stress is relieved when her inflamed joint space is punctured with a surgical needle and excess synovial fluid is removed.
Answer:
arthrocentesis
Explanation:
During a procedure called arthrocentesis, angela's knee pain and joint stress is relieved when her inflamed joint space is punctured with a surgical needle and excess synovial fluid is removed.
The prevalence of the allele for sickle cell anemia in some populations is an example of?
"Balanced polymorphism" is demonstrated by the frequency of the trait for sickle cell anemia in various groups.
Why sickle cell anemia is called a Balanced polymorphism?
When individuals who possess two sets of the normal form gene have no benefit over heterozygous individuals, an illness might continue to be widespread. Balanced polymorphism would be at play when carriers have benefits that enable a harmful allele to survive in a community. This kind of polymorphism frequently involves heterozygosity for a hereditary disease that confers resistance to an infectious disease.
Sickle Cell Disorder
Anemia, joint discomfort, a huge spleen, and frequent, serious infections are all symptoms of the autosomal recessive illness sickle cell disease. Because carriers are immune to malaria, a parasitic ailment caused by Plasmodium falciparum that induces periods of cold and temperature, it serves as an example of balanced polymorphism.
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What structure is responsible for separating the chromosomes during Meiosis?
A. Chromatids
B. Metaphase plate
C. Spindle Fibers
D. Cytoplasm
The structures that are responsible for separating the chromosomes during Meiosis are the Spindle Fibers (Option C).
What are the Spindle Fibers?The Spindle Fibers are proteinic cytoskeletal structures present in eukaryotes that bind to chromosomes during meiosis and separate chromatids during the meiotic anaphase of this cell division cycle.
In conclusion, the structures that are responsible for separating the chromosomes during Meiosis are the Spindle Fibers (Option C).
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mould consists of large network of threads known as ______
Answer: Hyphae
Explanation: The hyphae are the large network threads.
Which of the following actions put New York City at risk for climate disruption?
They left too many trees and vegetation.
They used different pipes for flood water and sewage.
They created a grid system of roads without considering flood control.
They built marshlands and swamps and a central park.
The actions that put New York City at risk for climate disruption is that they created a grid system of roads without considering flood control (option C).
What is climate change?Climate change is the large-scale and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming i.e. anthropogenic climate change.
Climate change is a case of global concern and it is as a result of anthropogenic activities.
According to this question, New York City is at the risk of climate disruption because of the action they took. This action is that New York City created a grid system of roads without considering flood control.
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For fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock, give about _____ of crystalloid for every _____ of blood lost.
For fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock, about 3 ML of crystalloid for every 1 ML blood lost. 3 L of fluid needs to administered to raise the intramuscular volume by 1L.
Fluid administration should continue until the patient's hydrodynamics become stabilized. Crystaloids quickly leak from vascular space, fluid expands the blood volume by 20-30% . Lactated ringer's solution is used balanced salt solution for fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock.
Colloid solution are generally not used. Those who have dehydration and adequate circulatory volume typically free water deficit and hypo-tonic solutions.Lost blood volume with intravenous fluids called crystalliods. Consistency of liquid is thin and saline solution.
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Due to ________________, water is absorbed by the kidneys and taken up by capillaries in the tissues.
Due to osmotic pressure, water is absorbed by the kidneys and taken up by capillaries in the tissues.
Reabsorption is the flow of fluid from a region of higher pressure within the tissues to a region of lower pressure within the capillaries. Osmotic pressure is the term for the net force that propels reabsorption, or the transfer of fluid from the interstitial fluid back into the capillaries (sometimes referred to as oncotic pressure).
Osmotic pressure pulls fluid back into the capillary, as opposed to hydrostatic pressure, which pushes fluid out. The hormone vasopressin, which is a peptide very similar in structure to oxytocin, regulates water absorption in the kidney.
Therefore, Due to osmotic pressure, water is absorbed by the kidneys and taken up by capillaries in the tissues.
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Respectively, what substances in dark greens and grains are tightly bound to iron and limit its absorption into the body?
Answer:
oxlic acid
Explanation:
I hope this help
Which of the following choices correctly describes the
way energy flows in an ecosystem?
A. Primary Consumer to Decomposer to Secondary Consumer
to Producer to Tertiary Consumer
B. Primary Consumer to Secondary Consumer to Producer to Decomposer to Tertiary Consumer
C. Decomposer to Producer to Tertiary Consumer to Secondary
Corumer to Primary Consumer
D. Producer to primary consumer to secondary consumer to tertiary consumer to decomposer
What name is given to the collection of enzymes that hydrolyze organic phosphate-containing molecules?
Phosphatases is given to the collection of enzymes that hydrolyze organic phosphate-containing molecules.
What do phosphatases enzymes do?
An enzyme called a phosphatase takes a phosphate group out of a protein. Together, these two groups of enzymes control how a cell's proteins behave, frequently in response to outside stimuli.Do phosphatases hydrolyze?
A phosphatase is an enzyme in biology that breaks down phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol using water. A phosphatase enzyme is a subclass of a hydrolase since it catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate.What is the function of a phosphatase?
Proteins with phosphorylated amino acids are removed by phosphatases. A phosphatase helps change the activity of a protein by removing the phosphate group from a phosphorylated amino acid.Learn more about phosphatase
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The capacity of stress to ________ would predispose an organism to develop an infectious illness.
The capacity of stress to inhibit immune system would predispose an organism to develop an infectious illness.
How stress and immunity related?
Stress and the immune system have a dynamic relationship. Stress may lead to a reduction in the amount of the body's natural killer cells, or lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that aid in the fight against infection. The lower your lymphocyte count, the more vulnerable you are to viruses and infections, including those that cause the common cold and cold sores.Learn more about the stress on immune system with the help of the given link:
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How does the greenhouse effect influence the climate on earth? choose the best possible answer.
The greenhouse effect influences climate by increasing the global temperature.
What is greenhouse effect?The greenhouse effects are effects due to the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The greenhouse gases form a layer of gas in the atmosphere and prevent reflected solar radiation from escaping back into space. They, therefore, warm up the atmosphere by increasing the thermal energy.
As the concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases, so also is the amount of reflected solar radiation that is trapped in the atmosphere.
Therefore, an increase in greenhouse gas concentration increases the global temperature. Temperature influences other climatic factors such as precipitation.
Thus, the greenhouse effects influence climate by causing a rise in global temperature.
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Pheromones used in reproduction are not likely to be found in organisms that only reproduce?
Pheromones used in reproduction are not likely to be found in organisms that only reproduce asexually.
The chemicals called pheromones are used to communicate between members of the same species and cause the recipient to react physically or behaviorally. Pheromones are a subset of organisms' larger class of chemicals to communicate, known as semiochemicals, from the Greek semeon, meaning signal or mark.
Animals communicate chemically constantly, with pheromones mediating more interactions than any other type of signal. The majority of pheromone research has been conducted on insects, particularly species that are considered pests.
For these, using pheromones that alter their behaviour in various ways might be employed for population control, pest management, or monitoring.
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________ represent(s) a substantial portion of the population, and few new products and services can be profitable until this large group buys them.
Answer:
The early majority
Explanation:
Early majority is the term which represents a substantial portion of population, and some new products as well as services which can be profitable until a large group buys them.
In the context of the Diffusion of Innovations theory, developed by Everett Rogers, the adoption of new products and services follows a predictable pattern. The theory categorizes people into different groups based on their willingness to adopt innovations.
For many new products and services, achieving success in the market often depends on gaining acceptance from the early majority. Once this large group embraces the innovation, it can lead to widespread adoption and profitability for the product or service.
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With your own words about the dangerous diseases in Honduras
for today please.
Chikungunya ( virus gotten thru mosquitoes )
Dengue Fever ( virus gotten thru mosquitoes )
Malaria ( parasite gotten thru mosquitoes ) treatment : quinine
Hepatitis B ( contagious ... like food eaten which was cooked from unclean hands) treatment : vaccine , antiviral medicine
Rabies ( bite of an rabid animal like dog or bat) treatment: needs shots right away, antiviral medicine, blood transfusion
Tetanus (cut from rusted metal) treatment : vaccine ,
Travellers' Diarrhoea
cdc
https://bewareofthebugs.com/countries/honduras/
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5600 years. If a piece of charcoal made from the wood of a tree shows only % of the carbon-14 expected in living matter, when did the tree die?.
The tree will die after 3480 years
Given: half-life of carbon-14 = 5600 years
percentage of carbon = 65%
To Find: when did the tree die
Solution:
T = half-life = 5600 years
I suppose you want the age of the charcoal in years.If 65% of the carbon 14 remains, then the amount left is 0.65 times the initial amount A0.
0.65A0 = A0(1/2)^t/T
0.65 = (0.5)^t/5600
ln(0.65) = (t/5600) ln(0.5)
t = 5600 ln(0.65) / ln(0.5) ≅ 3480 years
So, the tree will die after 3480 years
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The dried pericarp that forms the peanut shell provides evidence that peanuts are?
Answer:
legumes
Explanation:
If an individual is heterozygous for two traits how many types of gametes can be produced?
if a individual is heterozygous for 2 traits then it will have 4 gametes
[tex]gametes = 2 {}^{n} \\ gametes = {2}^{2} \\ gametes = 4 \: types[/tex]
How can reverse transcriptase inhibitors slow the replication of dna? give an example that lay persons without this knowledge could understand, and why they need to know it.
Preventing reverse transcriptase activity is a tactic in the fight against contagious infections like HIV. Drugs can be created that specifically target and inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, essentially freeing your DNA polymerase to carry out its function.
What are reverse transcriptase?AZT and DDI are two of the more well-known medications among them. AZT stands for azidothymidine in the acronym. This medication traps the invasive reverse transcriptases and causes them to stop copying RNA into DNA. When that occurs, the HIV virus is unable to multiply, and your immune system can more readily get rid of these infections from your body. Because it is so specialized in combating reverse transcriptase, AZT has been referred to as a magic bullet.
The fact that your body periodically uses reverse transcriptase-like processes for normal functioning makes it far from perfect, and the fact that HIV can swiftly adapt so that it is no longer deceived by AZT make it less than ideal. Because of this, a combination of many reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as AZT and DDI, is frequently required for an effective HIV treatment.
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