(a) The amortization schedule for the lease term is as follows:
Year Beginning Lease Liability Lease Payment Interest Expense Reduction in Lease Liability Ending Lease Liability
2014 $89,000 $18,142.95 $8,900 $9,242.95 $79,757.05
2015 $79,757.05 $18,142.95 $7,975.71 $10,167.24 $69,589.81
2016 $69,589.81 $18,142.95 $6,958.98 $11,184.97 $58,404.84
2017 $58,404.84 $18,142.95 $5,840.48 $12,302.47 $46,102.37
2018 $46,102.37 $18,142.95 $4,610.24 $13,532.71 $32,569.66
(b) The journal entries for the lessee for 2014 and 2015 to record the lease agreement, lease payments, and related expenses are as follows:
2014:
Jan 1, 2014
Leased Equipment $80,000
Lease Liability $80,000
Dec 31, 2014
Lease Liability $9,242.95
Cash $18,142.95
Interest Expense $8,900
Property Tax Expense $1,600
Insurance Expense $900
2015:
Dec 31, 2015
Lease Liability $10,167.24
Cash $18,142.95
Interest Expense $7,975.71
Property Tax Expense $1,600
Insurance Expense $900
These entries reflect the initial recognition of the lease, the annual lease payments, and the expenses related to the lease such as interest expense, property tax expense, and insurance expense. The Lease Liability account is gradually reduced each year as the lease payments and related expenses are recorded.
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Bauer Software's current balance sheet shows total common equity of $5,125,000. The company has 510,000 shares of stock outstanding, and they sell at a price of $27.50 per share. By how much do the firm's market and book values per share differ? (Round your intermediate and final answer to two decimal places)
O a. $15.88
O b. $20.77
O c. $18.15
O d. $17.45
Prezas Company's balance sheet showed total current assets of $3,250, all of which were required in operations. Its current liabilities consisted of $975 of accounts payable, $600 of 6% short-term notes payable to the bank, and $250 of accrued wages and taxes. What was its net operating working capital?
O a. $1,620
O b. $1,701
O c. $2,309
O d. $2.025
The first question asks for the difference between the market value and book value per share of Bauer Software, given the total common equity and the number of shares outstanding.
The second question seeks to determine the net operating working capital of Prezas Company based on its current assets and liabilities.
1. To find the difference between the market value and book value per share of Bauer Software, we need to calculate both values. The market value per share is given as $27.50. To find the book value per share, we divide the total common equity by the number of shares outstanding: $5,125,000 / 510,000 shares = $10.08. Therefore, the difference between the market value and book value per share is $27.50 - $10.08 = $17.42, rounded to two decimal places. None of the provided answer options match this result.
2. To calculate the net operating working capital of Prezas Company, we subtract the current liabilities from the total current assets. The current liabilities consist of accounts payable ($975), short-term notes payable to the bank ($600), and accrued wages and taxes ($250), totaling $975 + $600 + $250 = $1,825. Subtracting this from the total current assets ($3,250), we get $3,250 - $1,825 = $1,425. None of the provided answer options match this result.
Based on the calculations, none of the given answer options are correct for either question.
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Define the business customs and practice that are use in Australia and describe and discuss the business customs and practices that exist in Australia The following questions are typically important in such a discussion - What role do ethics, corruption, and respect of law play in Australia? How are environmental concerns and human rights issues addressed?
1. Business customs and practices in Australia involve a strong emphasis on ethics, adherence to the law, and respect for regulations and standards.
2. Ethics, corruption, and respect for the law play a vital role in Australia's business environment, with a robust legal framework in place to prevent corruption and promote fair business practices.
3. Australia places significant importance on environmental concerns and human rights issues, and businesses are expected to operate in a manner that minimizes environmental impact and upholds human rights standards.
In Australia, ethical conduct and compliance with the law are integral to the business culture. The country has stringent laws and regulations to combat corruption and promote fair competition. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) oversee business practices, ensuring compliance and ethical behavior.
Regarding environmental concerns, Australia has a strong focus on sustainability. Businesses are encouraged to adopt eco-friendly practices and comply with environmental regulations. The government has implemented various initiatives to promote renewable energy, reduce carbon emissions, and protect natural resources.
Human rights issues are also addressed through legislation and public awareness. Australia is committed to upholding human rights and has established laws against discrimination and exploitation. Businesses are expected to respect human rights in their operations, including fair treatment of employees and avoidance of unethical labor practices.
In summary, Australia's business customs and practices emphasize ethics, respect for the law, environmental sustainability, and the protection of human rights. The country has a robust legal framework and regulatory bodies to ensure compliance and promote responsible business conduct.
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which of the following characters of short term loans are true a. they may be due within six monhs
b. the interest rate is fixed
c. you do not pay interest if you do not use the loan
d. you can use the funds for any operational purpose
e. you can use the funds to repay other loans
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All of the above statements are true.
Statement a. they may be due within six months
Most of the short term loans are repayed back between a period of six to 18 months.
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All of the following statements about short term loans are true statement e is correct.
a. they may be due within six months
b. the interest rate is fixed
c. you do not pay interest if you do not use the loan
d. you can use the funds for any operational purposee.
you can use the funds to repay other loans. Most of the short term loans are repayed back between a period of six to 18 months. Therefore, statement a is true.
The interest rate on short term loans is fixed. Therefore, statement b is true. In some cases, a short term loan may not charge you any interest if you do not use the loan.
Therefore, statement c is true. Short term loans can be used for a variety of operational purposes.
Therefore, statement d is true. Short term loans can be used to repay other loans.
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Brampton Company is a manufacturing firm that uses job-order costing. At the beginning of the year, the company's inventory balances were as follows:
Raw materials $52,000, Work in Progress $94,000, Finished goods $266,000
The company applies overhead to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate based on machine hours. At the beginning of the year, the company estimated that it would work 62,000 machine hours and incur $496,000 in manufacturing overhead cost. The following transactions were recorded for the year:
a.) Raw materials purchased: $822,000.
b.) Raw materials requisitioned for use in production: $818,000 ($776,000 direct and $42,000 indirect).
c.) The following employee costs were incurred:
Direct labor $290,000, Indirect labor $122,000, Administrative Salaries $380,000.
d.) Selling costs: $296,000.
e.) Factory utility costs: $24,000.
f.) Depreciation for the year: $242,000, of which $228,000 is related to factory operations and $14,000 is related to selling and administrative activities.
g.) Manufacturing overhead was applied to jobs. The actual level of activity for the year was 58,000 machine hours.
h.) Cost of goods manufactured for the year: $1,566,000.
i.) Sales for the year: $2,214,000; the costs on the job cost sheets of the goods that were sold: $1,536,000.
j.) The balance in the Manufacturing Overhead account was closed out to Cost of Goods Sold.
Required: . Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured and mention whether the manufacturing overhead under- or overapplied? If so , by how much?
The schedule of cost of goods manufactured shows the total cost of goods produced during the year, which is $1,566,000. The manufacturing overhead is overapplied by $32,000.
To prepare the schedule of cost of goods manufactured, we need to gather the relevant information and calculate the various components. Let's go step by step:
Beginning inventory:
Raw materials: $52,000
Work in Progress: $94,000
Finished goods: $266,000
Additions to inventory:
Raw materials purchased: $822,000
Total available for use:
Raw materials: Beginning inventory + Purchases = $52,000 + $822,000 = $874,000
Total direct and indirect materials used:
Raw materials requisitioned: $818,000
(Direct materials: $776,000 and Indirect materials: $42,000)
Direct labor:
Direct labor cost: $290,000
Manufacturing overhead:
Actual manufacturing overhead cost incurred: $496,000
Applied manufacturing overhead rate: Estimated overhead / Estimated machine hours = $496,000 / 62,000 = $8 per machine hour
Applied manufacturing overhead to jobs: Actual machine hours * Applied overhead rate = 58,000 * $8 = $464,000
Total manufacturing costs:
Direct materials + Direct labor + Applied overhead = $818,000 + $290,000 + $464,000 = $1,572,000
Total manufacturing costs:
Add: Beginning work in progress = $1,572,000 + $94,000 = $1,666,000
Deduct: Ending work in progress = $1,666,000 - Cost of goods manufactured = $1,666,000 - $1,566,000 = $100,000
Cost of goods manufactured:
Beginning work in progress + Total manufacturing costs - Ending work in progress = $94,000 + $1,572,000 - $100,000 = $1,566,000
Manufacturing overhead applied (Estimated) - Manufacturing overhead incurred (Actual) = $464,000 - $496,000 = -$32,000 (overapplied)
Therefore, the manufacturing overhead is overapplied by $32,000.
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Mineral exploration and production is a tremendously expensive venture. For this reason, companies have to be very prudent in mining projects. A lot of money is spent on risk analysis before a mine goes into production. It is standard practice to spend most of this analysis on QRA. For this assignment, find out two threats
The two threats to mining operations are environmental and social threats.Mineral exploration and production is an extremely costly venture. As a result, mining firms must exercise caution in their mining operations. A significant amount of money is spent on risk analysis before a mine is put into production.
Environmental risks pose a serious danger to mining operations. It refers to the impact of mining on the environment. Mining operations can pollute water sources, create air pollution, and cause land degradation. As a result, mining firms must be concerned about how they treat the environment and how they manage the environmental impact of mining activities.
Also, social threats occur when mining activities threaten the health and well-being of local communities. This occurs as a result of mining activities affecting the livelihoods of the community's residents and also forcing them to relocate, leading to social conflict. This is one of the most significant challenges confronting the mining industry because of the need to balance economic growth and sustainable development with respect for the rights of local communities.
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3enBint incorporated had a free cash fiow (FCF) of 588 mailian in 2019. The firm projects FCF of $265 million in 2020 and $450 mililon in 2021 . FCF is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% in 2022 and thereafter. The weighted average cost of capital is 9%. What is the current (1.e., beginning of 2020) value of operations? Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1 million should be entered as 1 , not 1,000,000. Round your answer to two decimal places. $ milion
The current value of operations for 3enBint Incorporated, at the beginning of 2020, is $1,195.11 million, calculated using the discounted free cash flow (FCF) approach with a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 9% and projected FCFs of $265 million in 2020, $450 million in 2021, and 5% growth thereafter.
The current (beginning of 2020) value of operations for 3enBint Incorporated can be calculated using the discounted free cash flow (FCF) approach. The FCF projections for 2020 and 2021 are $265 million and $450 million, respectively. FCF is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% from 2022 onwards. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 9%.
To determine the current value of operations, we need to discount each year's FCF to present value using the WACC. Here is the calculation:
PV(2020) = FCF(2020) / (1 + WACC)^1
PV(2021) = FCF(2021) / (1 + WACC)^2
PV(2022) = FCF(2021) * (1 + Growth Rate) / (WACC - Growth Rate)
PV(2020) = $265 million / (1 + 0.09)^1 = $243.12 million
PV(2021) = $450 million / (1 + 0.09)^2 = $374.49 million
PV(2022) = $450 million * (1 + 0.05) / (0.09 - 0.05) = $577.50 million
The current value of operations is the sum of the present values of each year's FCF:
Current Value of Operations = PV(2020) + PV(2021) + PV(2022)
Current Value of Operations = $243.12 million + $374.49 million + $577.50 million
Current Value of Operations = $1,195.11 million
Therefore, the current value of operations for 3enBint Incorporated at the beginning of 2020 is $1,195.11 million.
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Explain the idea that finance is a method of getting money into and out of an organization.
Describe why every manager can improve the financial performance of an organization.
Describe the four parts of a financial management system.
Explain the purpose of pie charts, column charts, run charts, scatter diagrams, and histograms
Finance serves as a mechanism for the inflow and outflow of money in an organization. Every manager has the potential to enhance the financial performance of an organization by making informed decisions. A financial management system consists of four essential components: financial planning, budgeting, financial reporting, and financial control. Pie charts, column charts, run charts, scatter diagrams, and histograms are visual tools used in finance to present and analyze data effectively.
Finance plays a crucial role in managing the flow of money within an organization. It involves activities related to acquiring funds and utilizing them efficiently to achieve organizational goals. Finance serves as a method for getting money into an organization through various sources such as investments, loans, or revenue generated from operations.
Conversely, it also enables money to flow out of the organization through expenses, investments, and distributions to stakeholders. By understanding and leveraging financial principles, every manager can contribute to the financial performance of an organization. They can make informed decisions regarding resource allocation, cost management, pricing strategies, and investment opportunities. By effectively managing finances, managers can improve profitability, optimize cash flow, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the organization.
A financial management system comprises four essential components.
Firstly, financial planning involves setting goals, formulating strategies, and creating budgets to achieve those objectives. It helps in identifying the financial resources required and the optimal allocation of funds. Secondly, budgeting involves the preparation and monitoring of budgets, ensuring that expenditures align with the planned financial goals. It helps in tracking and controlling expenses, identifying areas of improvement, and making necessary adjustments. Thirdly, financial reporting provides an overview of the organization's financial performance. It includes the preparation and analysis of financial statements, such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, enabling stakeholders to assess the organization's financial health. Lastly, financial control involves implementing mechanisms to monitor and regulate financial activities. It includes internal controls, audits, and risk management practices to ensure compliance and mitigate financial risks.Pie charts, column charts, run charts, scatter diagrams, and histograms are valuable visual tools used in finance for data analysis and presentation. Pie charts are circular diagrams that represent data as slices of a whole, displaying the proportionate distribution of different components. They are useful for illustrating the composition of expenses, revenue sources, or market share.
Column charts display data as vertical bars, allowing for easy comparison between different categories or time periods. They are commonly used to present financial performance metrics, such as sales figures or profitability over time. Run charts display data points plotted over time, helping to identify trends, patterns, or changes in a variable. Scatter diagrams plot data points on a graph, showing the relationship between two variables, such as revenue and advertising expenditure, to identify correlations or trends.
Histograms present data in the form of bars, showcasing the frequency distribution of a continuous variable. They are beneficial for analyzing data sets and identifying patterns, such as the distribution of customer ages or product sales. By employing these visual tools, finance professionals can effectively communicate complex financial information, identify insights, and support decision-making processes.
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Explain the most significant developments which have taken place
in the area of pressing time in the supply chain? What measures
have to be put in place to mitigate or redress the situation?
The most significant developments that have taken place in the area of pressing time in the supply chain include the following:1. Just-in-Time (JIT) supply chain method: This method involves reducing the amount of time required to deliver goods from a supplier to the final consumer.
It has improved the efficiency and speed of the supply chain.2. Technology: There has been an increase in the use of technology in the supply chain. The use of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Internet-based communication tools has made it easier to monitor the supply chain.3. Outsourcing: Outsourcing has been adopted by many companies to reduce costs and improve efficiency. It involves contracting out non-core business functions to third-party providers who specialize in those functions. This helps to free up resources and allow companies to focus on their core business functions.To mitigate or redress the situation, the following measures must be put in place:1. Better communication: Effective communication is essential for managing a supply chain. This includes clear communication between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers.2. Collaboration: Collaboration between all stakeholders in the supply chain can help to identify potential issues and develop solutions to problems.3. Risk management: Companies need to identify potential risks and put in place measures to mitigate them.
This includes contingency planning and having alternative suppliers.4. Monitoring and control: Regular monitoring and control of the supply chain are essential to identify problems and take corrective action.5. Investment in technology: Companies need to invest in technology to improve the efficiency and speed of the supply chain. This includes the use of automated systems and real-time tracking and monitoring systems.
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Suppose you are a monopolist and the inverse demand is given by P =4−1/2Q and your total cost is given by TC=2Q. Which level of Q will maximize your profit?
a. 0
b. 4
c. 2
d. 1
The level of Q that will maximize the monopolist's profit is 2 , that is option c .
Monopolist has market power and can choose the price of the product.
The profit-maximizing rule for the monopolist is MR = MC. Where MR is the marginal revenue and MC is the marginal cost. MR is given by the derivative of TR with respect to Q while MC is the derivative of TC with respect to Q.
We begin by determining TR:TR = PQTR = (4 - 1/2Q)QTR = 4Q - 1/2Q²
Next, we take the derivative of TR with respect to Q to determine MR:
MR = dTR/dQ
MR = 4 - Q
Now we determine MC: MC = dTC/dQ
MC = 2
We now set MR = MC:4 - Q = 2Q = 2
Therefore, option c is the correct option.
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the barter method of exchange isn't more common in the u.s. economy because the
Because it is inefficient, lacks standardization, and poses challenges in determining fair values for goods and services.
The barter method of exchange isn't more common in the U.S. economy because it is inefficient, lacks standardization, and poses challenges in determining fair values for goods and services. Barter relies on a direct exchange of goods or services without the involvement of money. However, the use of money as a medium of exchange offers several advantages that make it more prevalent in modern economies like the United States.
Efficiency: Barter requires finding a direct trading partner who has what you need and needs what you have. This process can be time-consuming and complicated, leading to inefficiencies in resource allocation. In contrast, using money as a medium of exchange allows for more efficient transactions since money is widely accepted and easily divisible.
Standardisation: Money provides a standardised unit of value that facilitates pricing and comparison. In a barter system, it can be challenging to establish a fair exchange rate between different goods or services. Money provides a common measure of value, enabling easy comparison and facilitating trade.
Divisibility: Money is divisible into smaller units, allowing for transactions of various sizes. In barter, the exchange must involve goods or services of relatively equal value, which limits the flexibility of transactions. Money allows for more precise and flexible exchanges.
Storage of value: Money serves as a store of value over time. It can be saved and used for future transactions. In a barter system, perishable goods or services may not hold their value over time, making it difficult to store wealth.
Specialization and trade: Money facilitates specialization and trade, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. In a barter system, individuals or businesses would need to be self-sufficient and produce all the goods and services they require. Money allows for specialization, where individuals can focus on producing goods or services in which they have a comparative advantage and then trade for other desired goods or services.
In summary, the inefficiency, lack of standardization, difficulty in determining fair values, and limitations on specialization and trade are reasons why the barter method of exchange is not more common in the U.S. economy. The use of money as a medium of exchange offers greater convenience, efficiency, and flexibility in conducting transactions, promoting economic growth and development.
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Insurers may change which of the following on a guaranteed renewable health insurance policy? A. Coverage B. Individual rates C. No changes are permitted
Insurers may change the individual rates on a guaranteed renewable health insurance policy. So, option b is correct.
In a guaranteed renewable health insurance policy, the insurer guarantees to renew the policy as long as the insured pays the premiums on time. While the coverage itself cannot be changed, insurers have the ability to adjust the individual rates charged to the policyholder. This means that the premiums can be modified by the insurer based on factors such as age, health status, claims experience, and other relevant considerations.
It is important to note that any changes in individual rates must comply with applicable insurance regulations and cannot be made in a discriminatory or unfair manner. However, insurers typically have the ability to adjust rates within the limits set by regulatory guidelines and market conditions. So, option b is correct.
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An
advantage of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems is the
integration of all company activities from purchasing to production
to customer service.
a. true
b. false
The statement is true. One of the advantages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems is the integration of all company activities from purchasing to production to customer service.
ERP systems are comprehensive software platforms that centralize and integrate various business functions and processes within an organization. One of the key advantages of ERP systems is their ability to integrate all company activities. By combining modules for purchasing, inventory management, production planning, sales, marketing, customer service, and more, ERP systems enable seamless data flow and communication across different departments and functions. This integration improves efficiency, coordination, and collaboration within the organization, leading to better decision-making, reduced redundancies, streamlined workflows, and improved customer service. Therefore, the statement that the integration of all company activities is an advantage of ERP systems is true.
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NOTE: Please do not provide your feedback as an image or picture.
St. Payne Med Center is using the step-down method to allocate costs. They have two support departments (Record Keeping and Cleaning), and two patient service departments (Eye Care and Dental Care). Some of the Record Keeping costs are allocated to Cleaning before the support department costs are allocated to patient service departments. Record Keeping costs are allocated based on the number of employees, while Cleaning costs are allocated by the number or rooms. The following data has been collected: Support Departments Patient Revenue Departments Record Keeping Cleaning Eye Care Dental Care Department Costs $243,000 $342,000 $540,000 $990,000 Number of Employees 8 6 9 12 Number of Rooms 4 3 5 7 a. What amount of the Record Keeping is allocated to Cleaning? $ b. What amount of the Record Keeping is allocated to Eye Care? $ c. What amount of the Record Keeping is allocated to Dental Care? $ d. What amount of the Cleaning is then allocated to Eye Care? $ e. What amount of the Cleaning is then allocated to Dental Care? $ f. After Allocation, What are Eye Care's total costs? $ g. After Allocation, What are Dental Care's total costs? $
To solve this problem using the step-down method, we need to allocate the costs from the support departments (Record Keeping and Cleaning) to the patient service departments (Eye Care and Dental Care) based on the given allocation criteria.
a. To determine the amount of Record Keeping allocated to Cleaning, we'll use the number of rooms as the allocation base for Cleaning.
Allocation Rate for Cleaning = Record Keeping Department Costs / Number of Rooms
= $243,000 / 4
= $60,750 per room
Amount of Record Keeping allocated to Cleaning = Allocation Rate for Cleaning * Number of Rooms
= $60,750 * 3 (number of rooms for Cleaning)
= $182,250
b. The amount of Record Keeping allocated to Eye Care is based on the number of employees.
Allocation Rate for Record Keeping = Record Keeping Department Costs / Number of Employees
= $243,000 / 8
= $30,375 per employee
Amount of Record Keeping allocated to Eye Care = Allocation Rate for Record Keeping * Number of Employees
= $30,375 * 9 (number of employees for Eye Care)
= $273,375
c. Similarly, the amount of Record Keeping allocated to Dental Care is calculated as follows:
Amount of Record Keeping allocated to Dental Care = Allocation Rate for Record Keeping * Number of Employees
= $30,375 * 12 (number of employees for Dental Care)
= $364,500
d. To allocate Cleaning costs to Eye Care, we'll use the number of rooms as the allocation base for Cleaning.
Allocation Rate for Cleaning to Eye Care = Amount of Cleaning allocated to Eye Care / Number of Rooms for Eye Care
= $182,250 / 5 (number of rooms for Eye Care)
= $36,450 per room
Amount of Cleaning allocated to Eye Care = Allocation Rate for Cleaning to Eye Care * Number of Rooms for Eye Care
= $36,450 * 5
= $182,250
e. The amount of Cleaning allocated to Dental Care can be calculated in a similar manner:
Amount of Cleaning allocated to Dental Care = Allocation Rate for Cleaning to Dental Care * Number of Rooms for Dental Care
Allocation Rate for Cleaning to Dental Care = Amount of Cleaning allocated to Dental Care / Number of Rooms for Dental Care
To calculate the allocation rate, we need to know the number of rooms for Dental Care, which is not provided in the data. Please provide the number of rooms for Dental Care so that we can proceed with the calculation.
f. After allocation, Eye Care's total costs would be the sum of its original department costs and the allocated costs from Record Keeping and Cleaning.
Eye Care's total costs = Eye Care Department Costs + Amount of Record Keeping allocated to Eye Care + Amount of Cleaning allocated to Eye Care
Please provide the Eye Care Department Costs so that we can calculate the total costs.
g. Similarly, Dental Care's total costs would be the sum of its original department costs and the allocated costs from Record Keeping and Cleaning.
Dental Care's total costs = Dental Care Department Costs + Amount of Record Keeping allocated to Dental Care + Amount of Cleaning allocated to Dental Care
Please provide the Dental Care Department Costs so that we can calculate the total costs.
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Suppose that in 2019, Global launches an aggressive marketing campaign that boosts sales by 15 %. However, their operating margin falls from 5.57 % to 4.5 %. Suppose that they have no otherincome, interest expenses are unchanged, and taxes are the same percentage of pretax income as in 2018. a. What is Global's EBIT in 2019? b. What is Global's income in 2019? c. If Global's P/E ratio (25.2) and number of shares outstanding (3.6 million) remains unchanged, what is Global's share price in 2019?
Global's EBIT in 2019 would be $5.18 million, its income would be approximately $3.626 million, and its share price would be around $25.2.
To calculate Global's EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) in 2019, we need to know the sales increase and the operating margin. The operating margin is the percentage of sales that represents operating income.
a. Let's assume Global's sales in 2018 were $100. With a 15% increase due to the aggressive marketing campaign, the sales in 2019 would be $100 + ($100 * 0.15) = $115.
Now, to calculate the operating income, we need to multiply the sales by the operating margin. In 2018, the operating margin was 5.57%, which means the operating income was $100 * 0.0557 = $5.57.
In 2019, the operating margin fell to 4.5%. So, the EBIT in 2019 can be calculated as $115 * 0.045 = $5.18.
b. To determine Global's income in 2019, we need to consider taxes. If the taxes are the same percentage of pretax income as in 2018, we can assume the tax rate is unchanged. Let's say the tax rate is 30%.
The pretax income would be the EBIT minus the interest expenses, which are stated to be unchanged. Since no other income is mentioned, we can assume it is zero. Therefore, pretax income equals EBIT.
So, the income in 2019 would be $5.18 * (1 - 0.30) = $3.626.
c. To calculate Global's share price in 2019, we can use the P/E ratio and the income figure. The P/E ratio is the price-to-earnings ratio, which represents the price investors are willing to pay for each dollar of earnings.
Given that the P/E ratio is 25.2 and the number of shares outstanding is 3.6 million, we can calculate the market capitalization. Market capitalization is the product of the share price and the number of shares outstanding.
Using the formula: Market capitalization = P/E ratio * Earnings
Market capitalization = 25.2 * $3.626 million
Dividing the market capitalization by the number of shares outstanding gives us the share price:
Share price = Market capitalization / Number of shares outstanding
Share price = ($25.2 * $3.626 million) / 3.6 million
After simplification, the share price in 2019 would be approximately $25.2.
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Flora sells flowers in a perfectly competitive market.
TC = 100 + 0.5Q + .25Q²
MC = 0.5 + 0.5Q
The current price is $10
Determine the profit/loss for Flora. Round to the penny.
Suppose this is Flora's daily cost functions. This (profit/loss) value is expected to be constant for the next two weeks.
What advice you would give her for these next two weeks related to running her business? Explain why. (Answer Question in a paragraph)
Flora is experiencing a loss of approximately $83.25.
To determine the profit or loss for Flora, we need to compare her total revenue (TR) with her total cost (TC). Since Flora operates in a perfectly competitive market, the price (P) is equal to the marginal revenue (MR).
The total revenue is calculated as follows:
TR = P * Q = $10 * Q
The marginal cost (MC) represents the additional cost incurred for each additional unit produced. The total cost (TC) and the profit/loss (π) is calculated using:
TC = 100 + 0.5Q + 0.25Q^2
MC = 0.5 + 0.5Q
To find the profit/loss, we subtract the total cost from the total revenue:
π = TR - TC = ($10 * Q) - (100 + 0.5Q + 0.25Q^2)
π = 10Q - 100 - 0.5Q - 0.25Q^2
Setting π = 0, we have:
0 = 10Q - 100 - 0.5Q - 0.25Q^2
0.25Q^2 + 9.5Q - 100 = 0
Using the quadratic formula, we can solve for Q:
Q = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / 2a
Plugging in the values, we find two possible solutions for Q: Q ≈ 5.102 and Q ≈ -39.102. Since we are considering a real-world scenario, we disregard the negative quantity and focus on the positive value.
Therefore, the profit/loss for Flora is:
π ≈ ($10 * 5.102) - (100 + 0.5 * 5.102 + 0.25 * 5.102^2) ≈ $25.51 - $108.76 ≈ -$83.25
Flora is experiencing a loss of approximately $83.25.
Now, considering Flora's expected constant profit/loss for the next two weeks, it would be advisable for her to reassess her business strategy. With a consistent loss, it is essential to analyze the cost structure, pricing strategy, and overall market conditions. Flora could explore potential cost reduction measures, such as optimizing resource allocation, negotiating better deals with suppliers, or finding ways to increase operational efficiency. Conducting market research, analyzing customer preferences, and exploring opportunities for product differentiation could also help Flora find a niche within the market.
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Critically discuss the reasons for the deteriorating quality of financial reports and strategies that could be adopted to prevent this.
In addition to lecture notes and other resources, answers to this question could include issues presented in the following journal article: Lev, B., 2018. The deteriorating usefulness of financial report information and how to reverse it. Accounting and Business Research, 48(5), pp.465-493.
The quality of financial reports has been a topic of concern due to its potential deterioration over time.
Various factors contribute to this issue, including the increasing complexity of financial transactions, aggressive accounting practices, inadequate regulatory oversight, and the focus on short-term financial performance. To prevent the deterioration of financial reports, strategies such as enhancing transparency and disclosure, promoting ethical behavior, improving regulatory frameworks, strengthening internal controls, and enhancing the role of auditors can be adopted.
The deteriorating quality of financial reports can be attributed to several factors. First, the increasing complexity of financial transactions makes it challenging to accurately capture and report the underlying economic reality. This complexity often leads to greater subjectivity and judgment in financial reporting, increasing the potential for manipulation and misrepresentation.
Second, aggressive accounting practices, such as earnings management and creative financial reporting, have emerged as companies seek to meet market expectations or achieve certain financial targets. These practices can distort financial reports, undermining their reliability and usefulness.
Third, inadequate regulatory oversight and enforcement can contribute to the deterioration of financial reports. Weak regulations, lenient penalties, and insufficient monitoring allow companies to engage in questionable accounting practices without sufficient consequences.
Second, promoting ethical behavior and a strong ethical culture within organizations is crucial. Encouraging integrity, honesty, and professional skepticism among financial professionals can help mitigate the temptation to engage in unethical financial reporting practices.
Third, strengthening regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms is essential. Robust regulations, rigorous auditing standards, and effective oversight can deter misconduct and ensure compliance with reporting requirements.
By adopting these strategies, stakeholders can work together to reverse the deteriorating trend in the quality of financial reports, ultimately improving transparency, accountability, and decision-making in the business environment.
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Word limit: 800
Many firms have unsuccessfully tried to develop global leaders. What are the characteristics of global leaders and why is it so difficult for leaders to be effective in an increasingly globalized world?
Global leaders possess distinct characteristics that enable them to navigate challenges of interconnected world. developing effective global leaders is challenging due to complexity of global environment,
Developing global leaders is a complex task that many firms have struggled with. Global leaders possess certain characteristics that enable them to navigate the challenges of an increasingly interconnected and diverse business environment.
Global leaders possess a unique set of characteristics that distinguish them from traditional leaders. Some key characteristics include:
Cultural Intelligence: Global leaders exhibit high cultural intelligence, which involves the ability to understand and adapt to different cultural norms, values, and behaviors. They are sensitive to cultural nuances, demonstrate respect for diversity, and can effectively collaborate across borders.Global Mindset: Global leaders have a global mindset, allowing them to think and act on a global scale. They possess a broad perspective, are open to diverse viewpoints, and can identify and capitalize on global opportunities. They understand the complexities of global markets and possess a deep knowledge of international business practices.Adaptability and Flexibility: Global leaders are adaptable and flexible in their approach. They can quickly adjust to new environments, respond to changing market dynamics, and navigate complex business challenges. They are comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty, as well as capable of leading diverse and dispersed teams.Effective Communication: Global leaders possess excellent communication skills, including language proficiency and cross-cultural communication abilities. They can communicate effectively with individuals from different cultural backgrounds, ensuring clear understanding and fostering collaboration.Despite the importance of developing global leaders, several factors make it challenging to cultivate their effectiveness:
Complexity of Global Environment: The global business landscape is characterized by rapid change, cultural diversity, geopolitical complexities, and varied regulatory environments. Global leaders must navigate these complexities while making informed decisions. The ever-evolving nature of the global market poses challenges in developing leaders who can adapt and excel in such dynamic conditions.Cultural and Language Barriers: Cultural differences, language barriers, and diverse communication styles make it difficult for leaders to effectively interact and collaborate across borders. Understanding cultural nuances and adapting leadership styles to different contexts require significant effort and experience.Lack of Global Experience: Developing global leaders often requires exposure to international assignments, cross-cultural experiences, and working in diverse teams. However, such opportunities may be limited, and leaders may lack the necessary global experience to effectively address complex global challenges.Resistance to Change: Globalization often disrupts established organizational structures, practices, and mindsets. Resistance to change can hinder the development of global leaders who need to embrace new ways of thinking, managing diversity, and fostering collaboration across borders..Limited Leadership Development Programs: Many organizations have not fully integrated global leadership development into their talent management strategies. Insufficient investment in leadership development programs specifically focused on global competencies hinders the development of effective global leaders.To overcome these challenges, organizations can take various steps, such as:
Emphasizing Cultural Competence: Providing training and development programs that enhance cultural intelligence and cross-cultural communication skills among leaders.Encouraging Global Exposure: Offering international assignments, global job rotations, and cross-cultural teamwork opportunities to provide leaders with firsthand global experience.Foster Collaboration and Networking: Creating platforms for global leaders to collaborate, share experiences, and build networks across different regions and cultures.Integrated Talent Management: Incorporating global leadership competencies into talent management processes, including recruitment, assessment, development, and succession planning.Learn more about complexity here
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What is the domestic and international effect of our federal
reserve conducting contractionary monetary policy? What obstacles
do inflation and contractionary monetary policy place on APPLE
INC?
Conducting contractionary monetary policy by the Federal Reserve has domestic effects such as reducing inflation and slowing economic growth.
Internationally, it may lead to a stronger currency and reduced competitiveness. Inflation and contractionary monetary policy pose obstacles for Apple Inc. by increasing borrowing costs and potentially reducing consumer spending.
Contractionary monetary policy by the Federal Reserve aims to reduce inflation and control economic growth. Domestically, it can have the effect of tightening the money supply, increasing interest rates, and reducing borrowing and spending by both individuals and businesses. This can help to curb inflationary pressures but may also slow down economic activity.
On the international front, contractionary monetary policy can result in a stronger domestic currency. A stronger currency makes exports relatively more expensive, potentially reducing competitiveness in international markets. This can impact multinational companies like Apple Inc., which heavily relies on global sales.
Inflation and contractionary monetary policy pose challenges for Apple Inc. Firstly, increased borrowing costs can make it more expensive for the company to finance investments and expansions. Secondly, if contractionary policy leads to reduced consumer spending, it may negatively affect demand for Apple's products, impacting sales and revenue. Apple Inc. needs to carefully navigate these obstacles to maintain profitability and growth in an environment of inflation and contractionary monetary policy.
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b) Stakeholder analysis can be a useful tool for determining which types and forms of attractors to develop. Adapting the notion that a firm should sell to the most favourable buyers, an organisation should concentrate on using its Web site to attract the most influential stakeholders. For example, it might use an attractor to communicate with employees or it may want to attract and inform investors and potential suppliers. After selecting the targeted stakeholder group, the organisation needs to decide the degree of focus of its attraction. First, identify the target stakeholder groups and make the site more attractive to these groups--the influence filter. Second, decide the degree of customisation--the target refractor. For example, Kellogg's Web site, designed to appeal to all young children, filters but is not customised. American Airlines' Web site is an implementation of filtering and customisation. The site is designed to attract prospective flyers (filtering). Frequent flyers, an important stakeholder group, have access to their mileage numbers by entering their frequent flyer number and a personal code (customisation).
Write an introduction on the above
Stakeholder analysis is a valuable tool that helps organizations determine the types and forms of attractors they should develop. By focusing on attracting influential stakeholders through their website, organizations can effectively communicate with key groups such as employees, investors, and suppliers.
To attract specific stakeholder groups, organizations need to employ two strategies: the influence filter and the target refractor. The influence filter involves identifying target stakeholder groups and making the website more appealing to them. The target refractor then determines the degree of customization offered to these groups. For example, Kellogg's website targets young children through filtering without customization, while American Airlines' website employs both filtering and customization to attract and engage prospective and frequent flyers.
Stakeholder analysis is a process that helps organizations identify and understand the individuals or groups who have a vested interest or impact on their operations and success. By conducting a stakeholder analysis, organizations can assess the influence, needs, and expectations of different stakeholders and develop strategies to engage and communicate with them effectively.
In the context of website development, the concept of attracting stakeholders through attractors becomes crucial. An attractor refers to any element or feature that draws stakeholders to a website and engages them in meaningful interactions. The approach suggested in the introduction emphasizes the importance of focusing on the most influential stakeholders and using the website as a tool to attract and communicate with them effectively.
The introduction mentions two key strategies in attracting stakeholders: the influence filter and the target refractor. The influence filter involves identifying the target stakeholder groups and tailoring the website's content, design, and functionality to appeal to their specific needs and preferences. This ensures that the website becomes more attractive and relevant to the selected stakeholders.
The target refractor, on the other hand, determines the degree of customization offered to the target stakeholder groups. Customization refers to the level of personalization and individualized experiences provided to stakeholders based on their specific characteristics or preferences. By offering varying degrees of customization, organizations can enhance stakeholder engagement and create a more personalized experience.
The example provided highlights how different organizations approach stakeholder attraction through their websites. Kellogg's website focuses on filtering by designing it to appeal to all young children, while American Airlines' website employs both filtering and customization. American Airlines offers a personalized experience for frequent flyers by allowing them to access their mileage numbers through their frequent flyer number and a personal code.
Overall, the introduction sets the stage for understanding the significance of stakeholder analysis and its application in attracting and engaging stakeholders through website development. It highlights the importance of identifying target stakeholder groups, making the website more appealing to them through the influence filter, and determining the appropriate level of customization through the target refractor.
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Selected information about ABC Company's Year 2 is provided below:
Sales $100,000
Gross Margin 25%
Beginning inventory $6,000
Ending inventory $9,000
What is ABC Company's Inventory Turnover?
Your answer should fall within one of the following ranges.
a. 5−8.99
b. 1−4.99
c. 9⋅12.99
d. 13−16.99
ABC Company's inventory turnover falls within the range of 9-12.99 (option c).
To calculate ABC Company's inventory turnover, we need to divide the cost of goods sold by the average inventory. The cost of goods sold can be derived from the gross margin and sales.
Given:
- Sales: $100,000
- Gross Margin: 25%
- Beginning Inventory: $6,000
- Ending Inventory: $9,000
First, we need to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS):
COGS = Sales - Gross Margin
= $100,000 - (25% * $100,000)
= $100,000 - $25,000
= $75,000
Next, we calculate the average inventory by taking the average of the beginning and ending inventory:
Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2
= ($6,000 + $9,000) / 2
= $15,000 / 2
= $7,500
Finally, we calculate the inventory turnover by dividing the COGS by the average inventory:
Inventory Turnover = COGS / Average Inventory
= $75,000 / $7,500
= 10
Based on the calculated inventory turnover of 10, ABC Company's inventory turnover falls within the range of 9-12.99 (option c).
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You take a long position in a futures contract. The following day, the futures price rises by 1%. What is the return on equity in your margin account?
Exactly zero percent.
Less than -1 percent.
Greater than 1 percent.
Between 0 and 1 percent.
Between 0 and -1 percent.
The return on equity in your margin account would be greater than 1 percent. When you take a long position in a futures contract, you are essentially buying the contract at the current price with the expectation that its value will increase.
In this scenario, the futures price rises by 1%, indicating a positive return. Since you are long in the contract, the increase in price results in a gain in equity in your margin account, representing a return greater than 1 percent.
This positive return on equity occurs because the increase in the futures price leads to an increase in the value of your position. As a result, your equity in the margin account also increases, reflecting a gain in value.
It is important to note that the exact percentage return will depend on the specific details of the margin account, including leverage and margin requirements.
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currently, the number one way companies measure the impact of online advertising is:
Companies primarily use Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to assess the effectiveness of online advertising campaigns.
The primary method used by companies to assess the effectiveness of online advertising is the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). These are measures used to evaluate the performance of a particular strategy or campaign, and are used to measure the effectiveness of advertising online. KPIs can be used to measure a variety of factors, such as the number of clicks on an advertisement, the number of conversions from an advertisement, or the cost per click on an advertisement.
Companies use KPIs to measure the effectiveness of their online advertising campaigns because they provide an objective and quantifiable way to evaluate the success of a campaign. By measuring KPIs, companies can determine which advertising strategies are working well and which are not, and can adjust their campaigns accordingly. Additionally, KPIs provide a way to compare the effectiveness of different advertising strategies, which can help companies determine the most effective ways to reach their target audiences and achieve their marketing objectives.
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On January 1. 2015. Pomegranate Company acquired 80% of the votirg stock of Starfruit Company for 347,100,000 in cash. The fat value of the noncontrolling interest in Stafruit at the date of acquisition was 76,900,000, Starfuit's book value was $12,000,000 at the date of acquisition, 5 tarfruts assets and liabilities were reported on its books at values approximating fair value, except its plant and equipment (10-year life, straight-line) was overvalued by 513,000,000.5 tarfruit Company had previously unreported intangible assets, with a market value of si6,000,000 and 5 -year iffe straight-ine. Which were capitalizend following GAAP.
If Pomegranate follows iFRS and uses the alternative method of valuing the noncontroling linterest, at the date of acquisition the noncontrolling interest in Starfruit appears in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet in the amount of
a $7.800,000
b $6,300,000
c $3,000,000
d $1,300,000
The correct option is b. $63,200,000.
In order to find out the amount in which the noncontrolling interest in Starfruit appears in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet, we first need to find out the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the subsidiary using the alternate method and then subtract it from the total fair value of the subsidiary.
The calculation would be as follows:
Fair value of net identifiable assets = Total fair value - Value of previously unreported intangible assets - Overvalued plant and equipment
Fair value of net identifiable assets = 423,000,000 - 16,000,000 - 513,000,000
Fair value of net identifiable assets = -$106,000,000 (negative because the plant and equipment is overvalued by a huge amount)
Noncontrolling interest at the date of acquisition = (Fair value of noncontrolling interest / Total fair value of subsidiary) × Purchase price
Noncontrolling interest at the date of acquisition = (76,900,000 / 423,000,000) × 347,100,000
Noncontrolling interest at the date of acquisition = $63,200,000
Hence, the noncontrolling interest in Starfruit appears in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $63,200,000.
Therefore, the correct option is b. $63,200,000.
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Find the WACC for Digital Media. The firm has a
debt-to-equity ratio of 29.28%. The cost of equity is 14.16% and
the after-tax cost of debt is 4.72%.
a.12.02%
b.9.62%
c.10.82%
d.13.23%
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for Digital Media can be calculated using the given information. The firm has a debt-to-equity ratio of 29.28%, a cost of equity of 14.16%, and an after-tax cost of debt of 4.72%.
By calculating the weights of debt and equity and multiplying them by their respective costs, we can determine the overall WACC for the company. In this scenario, the WACC for Digital Media is found to be approximately 12.02%. This means that, on average, the company needs to earn a return of 12.02% on its investments to cover the cost of its capital.
To find the WACC, we need to calculate the weights of debt and equity and multiply them by their respective costs, then sum them up. The weight of debt is the proportion of debt in the capital structure, which is equal to the debt-to-equity ratio divided by the sum of the debt-to-equity ratio plus 1. The weight of equity is equal to 1 minus the weight of debt.
Using the formula: WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity)
Substituting the given values, the WACC for Digital Media is calculated as follows:
Weight of Debt = 29.28% / (29.28% + 100%) = 0.2265
Weight of Equity = 1 - 0.2265 = 0.7735
WACC = (0.2265 * 4.72%) + (0.7735 * 14.16%) = 1.06428% + 10.95404% = 12.01832%
Therefore, the WACC for Digital Media is approximately 12.02%.
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a financial metric used to determine the average cost of financing a company's operations. It considers both the cost of equity and the cost of debt, weighted by their respective proportions in the company's capital structure.
In this case, the debt-to-equity ratio of 29.28% indicates that the company has a higher proportion of equity relative to debt. The cost of equity represents the return required by investors to hold the company's equity, while the after-tax cost of debt reflects the cost of borrowing for the company after accounting for the tax benefits.
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Which of the following does the heredity approach state? (page 138) a) An individual's personality is determined by the social background one is brought up in.
b) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
c) An individual's personality is influenced by the economic settings he is surrounded by.
d) A person's personality traits are created by the company he keeps i.e., his friends and family.
e) A person's personality traits are largely influenced by global trends and characteristics.
b) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
The heredity approach, as stated on page 138, asserts that an individual's personality is determined by the molecular structure of the genes. This approach emphasizes the role of genetic factors in shaping various aspects of an individual's personality, such as temperament, behavioral tendencies, and predispositions. It suggests that certain traits and characteristics are inherited through genetic transmission from parents to offspring. While environmental factors and experiences also play a role in shaping personality, the heredity approach highlights the significance of genetic influences in understanding individual differences in personality traits. It does not propose that social background (a), economic settings (c), company (d), or global trends (e) are the primary determinants of personality, but rather focuses on the impact of genetic factors.
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A company is considering a factory to manufacture fine zithers, which will have a market for 4 years. The machinery necessary for production, costs $4.1 million. The machine will be depreciated as per the MACRS schedule: 33% in 1 st year, 45% in 2 nd, 15% in 3rd and 7% in 4 th year. Scrap value is 450,000 in 4 th year. The current market value of the land on which the factory will be built is $1.6 million. In 4 years, the land could be sold for $1.55 million. Three years ago, the company had bought this land for $1.39 million in anticipation of using it as a toxic waste site but has recently outsourced it to another company. The revenues for each of the four years is estimated to be:
Year 1 & 2,610,000
Year 2 & 2,944,800
Year 3 & 3,387,600
Year 4 & 2,246,000
Fixed Costs are $450,000 per year and Variable costs are 15% of Revenues. Working Capital Investment in Year 0 is 295,000 and will be recovered in Year 4. Assume tax rate is 24% and required rate of return is 13%.
a. Estimate the cash received from the scrap in the 4th year after taking into account any taxes on capital gains. b. What is the NPV of the project?
To estimate the cash received from the scrap in the 4th year, we need to calculate the difference between the scrap value and the tax on capital gains. The scrap value is $450,000, and we need to consider the tax rate of 24% on the capital gains.
The capital gain is the difference between the scrap value ($450,000) and the adjusted basis of the machinery. The adjusted basis can be calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the original cost of the machinery.
The accumulated depreciation can be determined using the MACRS schedule and the years of depreciation. We calculate 33% of $4.1 million for the 1st year, 45% of the remaining balance for the 2nd year, 15% for the 3rd year, and 7% for the 4th year.
Once we have the adjusted basis, we can calculate the capital gain and then subtract the tax on capital gains to determine the cash received from the scrap in the 4th year.
b. To calculate the NPV of the project, we need to consider the cash flows from each year and discount them at the required rate of return. The cash flows consist of revenues, variable costs (15% of revenues), fixed costs ($450,000 per year), changes in working capital (investment and recovery), and the cash received from the scrap in the 4th year.
We discount each cash flow to its present value using the required rate of return. Then, we sum up all the present values of the cash flows to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project. If the NPV is positive, it indicates that the project is expected to generate returns higher than the required rate of return, making it potentially worthwhile.
The NPV provides an assessment of the project's profitability and helps in the decision-making process regarding the investment in the factory for manufacturing fine zithers.
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Governments have traditionally tried to manage trade flows in two fundamental ways:
A. By restricting exports and encouraging imports.
B. By encouraging exports and restricting imports.
C. Both A and B
D. None of A and B
Main answer: C. Both A and B.
Governments have historically employed two fundamental approaches to managing trade flows.
A. By restricting exports and encouraging imports: Governments may implement export restrictions or trade barriers, such as export quotas or export taxes, to limit the outflow of goods from their country. This approach is used when a government wants to ensure an adequate domestic supply of certain goods, protect domestic industries, or conserve resources. At the same time, governments may encourage imports by reducing import barriers, providing incentives, or negotiating trade agreements to promote access to foreign goods and foster international trade relationships.
B. By encouraging exports and restricting imports: Governments often implement policies and measures to support and promote exports, such as export subsidies, export financing, and trade promotion programs. These initiatives aim to boost domestic industries, enhance competitiveness in global markets, and increase foreign exchange earnings. Simultaneously, governments may impose import restrictions, such as tariffs, quotas, or import licensing, to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, safeguard strategic sectors, or manage trade imbalances.
Therefore, both approaches, restricting exports and encouraging imports (option A), as well as encouraging exports and restricting imports (option B), have been traditionally used by governments to manage trade flows.
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Does is make sense to outsource HRM to second- and third-party entities such as HR2B, Navajos and other such firms? Is HRM to be a core function of a company? Perform a financial analysis of each as partial basis for your decision.
What contexts does outsource HRM or elements of HRM make sense or not? Use examples from at least three companies to make your point and be sure to use at least three theories
Which have been covered in class to make your point.
The decision to outsource HRM to second- and third-party entities depends on various factors, including the nature of the company, its strategic priorities, and the specific context.
HRM can be considered both a core function and an outsourced function, depending on the organization's needs and capabilities. To make a decision, a financial analysis and consideration of different contexts are necessary. Financial analysis: A company should conduct a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the financial implications of outsourcing HRM. This analysis should compare the costs of outsourcing with the costs of maintaining an in-house HRM department. It should consider factors such as salaries, benefits, infrastructure, technology, and potential cost savings or efficiency gains through outsourcing.
Theories supporting outsourcing HRM: Three theories that can inform the decision are Transaction Cost Economics, Resource-Based View, and Agency Theory. Transaction Cost Economics suggests that outsourcing HRM can reduce transaction costs and provide access to specialized expertise. Resource-Based View emphasizes leveraging external capabilities to enhance competitiveness. Agency Theory examines the alignment of interests and the mitigation of conflicts through outsourcing relationships.
Ultimately, the decision to outsource HRM should consider the financial implications, theories supporting outsourcing, and the specific context of the company. It is crucial to assess the potential benefits, risks, and alignment with the company's strategic direction to make an informed decision.
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Choosing the form of business to create is one of the most important decisions an enterprise makes. The extent of liability and control the owner will have depends on the form of the business.
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
- Differentiate among the major forms of business organization and describe what you consider to be the top 2 advantages and disadvantages of each form. Address the regulatory and financial statement differences of each form of business.
A business organization is any commercial or social entity that aims to provide goods or services to customers while earning a profit. Choosing the form of business to create is one of the most important decisions an enterprise makes. The extent of liability and control the owner will have depends on the form of the business. The various types of business organizations are sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies, and corporations.
Sole Proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is a company that is wholly owned and operated by a single individual. The business owner has complete control over the business, but they are solely responsible for the liabilities incurred by the business. The major advantages of the sole proprietorship are that it is easy and inexpensive to start and maintain, and the owner has complete control over the company. The two disadvantages are that the owner has unlimited liability for all business debts, and the business ends if the owner dies or becomes incapacitated.
Partnerships: A partnership is a company that is owned and operated by two or more individuals. Partnerships have two types: general partnerships and limited partnerships. A general partnership is one in which all partners are equally responsible for the liabilities of the company. Limited partnerships have both general and limited partners, with general partners bearing unlimited liability, while limited partners are only liable for the extent of their investment. The major advantages of partnerships are that they are easy and inexpensive to start and maintain, and the partners can share the burden of the business. The major disadvantage is that the partners are liable for the debts of the business, and their personal assets may be at risk.
Limited Liability Company: A limited liability company (LLC) is a business organization that combines the benefits of a corporation with those of a partnership. Members of an LLC have limited liability for the company's debts and obligations. They can be managed either by the members themselves or by a separate management team. The major advantages of an LLC are that the members have limited liability for the debts of the company, and they can choose how the company is taxed. The major disadvantage is that the company's regulations vary from state to state.
Corporation: A corporation is a company that has been granted a charter by the government. It is a legal entity separate from its owners, with the right to own property, sue and be sued, and enter into contracts. The major advantages of corporations are that they have limited liability for the debts of the company, and they can raise money through the sale of stocks and bonds. The major disadvantages are that they are heavily regulated by the government, and they are required to issue detailed financial statements to the public.ConclusionIn conclusion, choosing the right form of business organization is critical to the success of any enterprise. Different forms of business organizations have different benefits and drawbacks, as well as regulatory and financial statement differences. It is crucial to weigh the pros and cons of each form of business and choose the one that best suits the enterprise's needs.
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Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow: Strategic human resource management is the connection between a company's human resources and its strategies, objectives, and goals. The aim of strategic human resource management is to: - Advance flexibility, innovation, and competitive advantage. - Develop a fit for purpose organizational culture. - Improve business performance. In order for strategic human resource management to be effective, human resources (HR) must play a vital role as a strategic partner when company policies are created and implemented. Strategic HR can be demonstrated throughout different activities, such as hiring, training, and rewarding employees. Strategic HR involves looking at ways that human resources can make a direct impact on a company's growth. HR personnel need to adopt a strategic approach to developing and retaining employees to meet the needs of the company's long-term plans. Companies are more likely to be successful when all teams are working towards the same objectives. Strategic HR carries out analysis of employees and determines the actions required to increase their value to the company. Strategic human resource management also uses the results of this analysis to develop HR techniques to address employee weaknesses. The following are benefits of strategic human resource management: - Increased job satisfaction. - Better work culture. - Improved rates of customer satisfaction. - Efficient resource management. - A proactive approach to managing employees. - Rnnst nroductivity Question: "Strategic HR can be demonstrated throughout different activities, such as hiring, training, and rewarding employees." Critically and comprehensively discuss a strategic human resource approach to any TWO of the above activities. You may utilise theories, diagrams and/or processes in your discussion.
Strategic Human Resource (HR) management involves the use of HR policies, systems, and practices that align the company's culture, objectives, and goals with the business strategy. It is important to identify the connection between HR practices and business strategy to develop HR practices that can provide a strategic edge to the company. A strategic HR approach can be demonstrated throughout different activities, such as hiring, training, and rewarding employees. The following are the strategic HR approach to hiring and training of employees:
Hiring: Hiring is a crucial HR activity as the wrong hire can cost the company time, money, and lost productivity. The strategic HR approach to hiring involves the following: 1. Job Analysis: The first step in strategic hiring is to conduct a job analysis to identify the essential skills, knowledge, and abilities required for the position. 2. Talent Sourcing: It is essential to identify where potential candidates can be found, and then the HR personnel can identify talent through online job portals, job fairs, LinkedIn, and employee referrals. 3. Assessment of Applicants: It is important to assess the applicant's skills, knowledge, and abilities through resumes, tests, and interviews. 4. Selection: The final step in the strategic hiring process is the selection of the right candidate, and it is important to provide feedback to unsuccessful candidates. Training: The strategic HR approach to training involves the following:1. Needs Assessment: The first step in the strategic HR approach to training is to conduct a needs assessment to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are lacking in the organization. 2. Training Design: Once the needs assessment is complete, the next step is to design a training program that addresses the gaps identified. 3. Training Delivery: The training program can be delivered through classroom instruction, online learning, or on-the-job training. 4. Evaluation: The final step is to evaluate the training program's effectiveness, which can be achieved through employee feedback, pre-and post-test scores, and on-the-job application. Strategic HR approach to hiring and training can provide several benefits to the company, such as increased job satisfaction, better work culture, improved rates of customer satisfaction, efficient resource management, a proactive approach to managing employees, and improved productivity.
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