Pedigrees tool might be useful to help track the disease’s prevalence.
A pedigree chart, which is most frequently used to represent people, show dogs, and race horses, depicts the incidence and manifestation of phenotypes of a specific gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next. A pedigree reveals the connections between family members and identifies the members of a family who have particular genetic pathogenic variations, features, and diseases as well as their current health. A family's pedigree might reveal how diseases are passed down through the generations.
Pedigree analysis is used to identify the mode of inheritance, which may be autosomal, mitochondrial, dominant, partial dominant, or sex-linked. Additionally, it calculates the likelihood that a person or their progeny will be impacted by the particular cross.
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When cells are exposed to sublethal doses of ionizing radiation, repair and recovery may occur because cells:______.
Answer:
Contain a repair mechanism inherent in their biochemistry (repair enzymes)
Explanation:
When cells are exposed to sublethal doses of ionizing radiation, repair and recovery may occur because cells: Contain a repair mechanism inherent in their biochemistry (repair enzymes).
Biology: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letters only.
(It’s abt the respiratory system btw)
(I’ve answered some, but I’m not sure, so can someone do?, ASAP!!)
Answer:
Greetings !
2. B, Lungs
3. B, Alveoli
4. C, Trachea
5. C, sinuses
6. A, Adenoids and tonsils
7. C, Pharynx
8. C, Larynx
9. B, Larynx
10. A, Bronchi and Bronchiole tubes
Hope it helps !
The atp required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from?
The ATP required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is anaerobic respiration?The process of breakdown of substrate glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. This process primarily takes in some unicellular organisms.
In humans, during endurance activities, a continuous supply of ATP is required. The ATP reserves in muscles are very small. Thus, there is a requirement for metabolic pathways to maintain continuous ATP supply and resynthesis.
These pathways are phosphocreatine breakdown and muscle glycogen breakdown which enable anaerobic substrate level phosphorylation and aerobic phosphorylation.
Therefore, the ATP required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
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An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the body that is localized or diffused is referred to as ___________.
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the body that is localized or diffused is referred to as Edema.
The medical term for swelling brought on by fluid becoming trapped in your body's tissues is edema. Edema can affect your face, hands, abdomen, and legs, but it most frequently affects your feet, ankles, and legs. Edema will make some body parts enlarge (swell), which can make it difficult for you to carry out your usual activities.
If you were sitting or standing for a long time, elevating the swollen area of your body or moving about will assist reduce swelling and make you feel better. Edema grading is a measure that's used to gauge how serious of an edoema diagnosis you have and how much fluid has accumulated in your tissues.
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Which type of lipids are the most abundant in the plasma membrane?
a. phospholipids
b. glycolipids
c. sterols
d. triacylglycerides
Phospholipids type of lipids are the most abundant in the plasma membrane.
What is phospholipids?Phospholipids are a subclass of lipids that have two hydrophobic "tails" made of fatty acids connected by an alcohol residue, one of which is a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group. Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are frequently incorporated into the phospholipid molecule of marine phospholipids.Phospholipids are compound lipids made of alcohol, fatty acids, nitrogen base, and phosphoric acids. These intricate lipids, which also give the membranes their fluidity, make up the majority of the cell membrane.A class of polar lipids known as phospholipids (PL) is made up of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, and a phosphate group that is esterified to an organic molecule (X) like choline, ethanolamine, inositol, etc.Esters of glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and other alcohols make up phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are the four most prevalent phospholipids.Learn more about phospholipid here:
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How could an error during transcription affect the protein that is produced
Answer:
B. The protein would be made of the wrong nucleic (amino) acids.
Concepts:
Proteins are made up of different amnio acids. A good analogy is that a protein is like a train, and the individual cars are amnio-acids. Different combinations of cars, in different orders give different trains. In the same way, different amnio-acids, in different combinations give different kinds of proteins. Digestion, be it in animals or humans, results in the breakdown proteins into their amnio acid components. The intestine absorbs the individual amnio acids and the body ships these amnio acids to the cells. On top of that, some very special train cars are made inside the rail-yard, in the same way some very special amino acids can be made inside our cells. Cellular processes rearrange the amnio acids in new ways to make new proteins that are used by the animal or human for various bodily functions. So think of the cell as the railyard where new trains (proteins) are made but reassembling the cars (amnio-acids) into new and different combinations. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins are way more than just building muscle.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Imagine amino acids like lego blocks, you can assemble them into any shape and size. Amino acids are all identical, except for a single “side group”. This side group can be a single hydrogen, a complex carbon chain, some nitrogen groups, etc etc. These give the amino acids different properties, which gives the proteins a function. Any protein you eat will be broken down into its base amino acid components. It doesn’t matter if you eat chicken, peas, beef or mushrooms, you will still get the same amino acids, which your body can use to make any protein. The lego structure will be split into individual blocks, which your body will assemble into functional proteins. Eating “collagen protein” for smooth skin doesn’t work, Nor eating “special proteins” for some magic purpose. In fact, overeating one single source of protein will harm you. Some plants like wheat don’t have the same ratio of proteins as humans, so if you only ate wheat you would be short of some amino acids. It’s like disassembling a black lego boat and expecting to build a blue sphere - impossible.
What is transcription in biology?
Transcription is the process through which DNA is utilized as a template to create a complementary RNA strand in biology. This is the initial stage of protein synthesis or information transfer within a cell. DNA contains genetic information, which is subsequently transferred to RNA during transcription before being used to control protein synthesis during translation. Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA are the three forms of RNA that may be generated (rRNA). Pre-commencement, initiation, elongation, and termination are the four phases of transcription.
The RNA polymerase component initiates pre-initiation by attaching to a promoter region situated at the 5' end of a DNA strand. The DNA strand is denatured, which uncouples the two complimentary strands and allows the enzyme to access the template strand. The partner strand is the opposite strand. Promoter sequences on the DNA strand are critical for transcriptional start. Promoter sequences are particular sequences of the ribonucleotide bases that make up the DNA strand (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine), and the identification of some of these motifs, including TATAAT and TTGACA in prokaryotes and TATAAAA and GGCCAATCT in eukaryotes, has been identified. These are referred to as cis-acting elements. In eukaryotes, an extra transcription factor is required to assist RNA polymerase binding to the promoter region.
An undetected mistake in DNA transcription might result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein generated as a result of the transcription. If there is a change in the amino acid sequence, it might either be a detriment or a benefit to the organism.
Thank you,
Eddie
__medium distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium.
A differential medium is a type of media that distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the media.
What is a differential medium?A differential medium is any medium for bacterial growth that contains selective agents used to discriminate between different microorganisms present in such medium.
A differential medium can be, for example, a blood agar medium that has bovine blood cells which is selective to Streptococcus bacteria.
In conclusion, a differential medium is a type of media that distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the media.
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During which phase of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell?
During anaphase, homologous chromosomes separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell.
A cell prepares for cell division by replicating its chromosomes, segregating them, and creating two identical nuclei during the mitotic phase. After the metaphase procedure, the mitotic stage known as anaphase occurs during which the freshly replicated chromosomes are transferred to the opposing poles of the cell and the replicated chromosomes are split. Sister chromatids split from one another and are drawn to the opposite ends of the cell during anaphase. The sister chromatids are able to separate because the protein "glue" holding them together is degraded. Each chromosome now exists on its own. Each pair's chromosomes are drawn to the cell's opposite ends.learn more about anaphase here:
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Which correctly describes the projected growth of the worlds population in the future
The goal of population projections is to predict future changes in the statistics of the human population. These projections are a crucial component of analyses of the population's effects on the environment and the future well-being of humanity.Population growth models relate future estimates to tendencies in human development. In order to understand how economic, social, and technical influences will affect fertility and mortality, and subsequently population increase, these models make trend-based assumptions about how populations will respond to these pressures.
What is Cytoplasmic Projections?
Cytoplasmic In live cells, there is a jelly-like substance called this. It's possible that the cytoplasmic projection separates the cytoplasm from the mitochondria.
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The correct sequence of sperm-transporting tubules that transport spermatozoa to the epididymis is the?
Correct sequence of sperm-transporting tubules that transport spermatozoa to the epididymis is Seminiferous Tubules---> Rete Testis---> Vasa Efferentia----> Epididymis
Spermatozoa is the sperm that is formed from a spermatid after Spermiogenesis. It is released into the lumen of seminiferous tubules.
Seminiferous Tubules is present in the testis of human body.
Sperm transporting tubules are:
Seminiferous TubulesRete testisVasa EfferentiaEpididymisThe sperm passes through the seminiferous tubule into Rete testis.
Rete testis is a network of tubules that form a link between seminiferous tubule and Vasa Efferentia.
Vasa Efferentia connects Rete testis to Epididymis. It makes a pathway for the sperm transportation.
Epididymis is the region where the transported sperm from Vasa Efferentia reach. It stores the sperm until they are functionally matured enough to carry out the fertilisation in the human female body.
Hence, the pathway is Seminiferous Tubules---> Rete Testis---> Vasa Efferentia----> Epididymis
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The ________ duct empties into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar.
The parotid duct empties into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar.
Around the back of your lower jaw is where the parotid gland is located. Saliva then passes via a tube known as the parotid duct. The duct's opening is where the saliva spills into your mouth. Different factors might cause the parotid duct to become clogged. The region may swell up as a result of this.
Each gland's front faces a lengthy excretory channel called the parotid duct, which emerges just beneath the masseter muscle. The duct enters the mouth by the buccinator muscle and opens on the inner cheek surface, typically next to the maxillary second tooth
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A site where pathogens can survive, multiply and serve as a continual source of infection is called a(n):_____.
A site where pathogens can survive , multiply and serve as a continual source of infection is called the reservoir. It is site where the infectious agent survives.
Reservoir is a host which allows the pathogen to live, and possibly grow and multiply. Humans , animals and environment can be reservior for microorganisms. Principal habitat that which pathogen lives , flourishes and able to multiply.
There are some examples such as humans are the reservior for the measles virus because it does not infect the other organisms. The place where microorganism, resides, thrives and reproduces. A carrier is a person with in-apparent infection who are capable of transmitting the pathogen to others.
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What molecule is both the starting compound and end result of the citric acid cycle?
Oxaloacetate is the starting compound and end result of the citric acid cycle.
Citric acid cycle:The primary energy-yielding metabolic route in cells is the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which provides the majority of the reduced coenzymes that will be oxidized by the electron transport chain to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The pathway is occasionally referred to as the Krebs' cycle or the citric acid cycle after its discoverer, Sir Hans Krebs. Citric acid cycle occurs in the intracellular space or matrix of the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
The cycle serves as the primary mechanism for the interconversion of 4- and 5-carbon molecules in the cell, many of which originate from or are intermediates in the synthesis of amino acids, in addition to its function in energy-yielding metabolism and the oxidation of 2-carbon units. In the fasted state, the primary precursor for gluconeogenesis is oxaloacetate, a significant cycle intermediary.
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Crude oil is ________. a. composed of less than ten different hydrocarbon molecules b. usable in its raw form c. formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances
Crude oil is refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products.
In a distillation tower, the crude oil is separated by boiling point after being heated by a furnace. The material is then transformed into finished goods like fuels like gasoline and diesel, as well as specialty items like asphalt and solvents, by using heat, pressure, or a catalyst.Ethane, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and naphtha are the three main petrochemical feedstocks generated from crude oil. These are mostly employed in the creation of synthetic fibers, plastic polymers, and other petrochemical intermediates. With increased global income, demand for these products will only continue to rise.learn more about Crude oil here:
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To believe that humans are ______ is to believe that humans act on the basis of reason.
To believe that humans are rational is to believe that humans act on the basis of reason.
Why are human beings rational?Because it has intelligence that gives it the ability to communicate through a structured language based on speech, increasing its power to communicate, to issue judgments and to develop methodologies capable of increasing the quality of life.
Rationality is a characteristic that differentiates humans from animals, being this focus for social development, for the development of technology and science, which impacts our lives so much through engineering, medicine, mathematics, etc.
Therefore, acting based on reason is a characteristic of human beings, which is based on their intelligence and ability to think analytically to adapt and improve society.
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Fluid excess can be caused by volume excess or a condition called ____________ hydration
Fluid excess can be caused by volume excess or a condition called hypervolemia hydration.
Hypervolemia, also called fluid overload, is the condition of having too much water in your body. While the body normally has a certain amount of fluids in it, too much fluid can damage your health.
Fluid excess can occur in two main ways in the body, water intoxication and edema. Firstly Water Intoxication The result of an excess of extracellular water without having an excess of solutes. Secondly Edema the excess of both solutes and water, which is also termed isotonic volume excess. ECF volume expansion typically occurs in heart failure, kidney failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis.
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The placenta is formed by endometrial tissue of the uterine lining and the ________
The placenta is formed by endometrial tissue of the uterine lining and the chorion, which is a membrane that surrounds the embryo and helps to form the placenta.
What is the placenta?The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow for nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply.
The placenta also produces hormones that are important for pregnancy, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone. It acts as a barrier, preventing the mother's immune system from attacking the developing fetus. The placenta is usually expelled from the mother's body after the baby is born.
Thus, the placenta is formed by endometrial tissue of the uterine lining and the chorion.
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In the electron-transport chain in chloroplasts, _______energy electrons are taken from _______.
Answer:
In the electron-transport chain in chloroplasts, low energy electrons are taken from H20 (Water).
The procedure to remove waste products from the blood of the urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination is known as ____________________ bladder.
Urinary dysfunction in neurogenic bladder is brought on by disruption of the regular neural pathways that control urination.
What happens in neurogenic bladder?
When a brain, spinal cord, or nerve disorder impairs bladder control, it is known as neurogenic bladder. The bladder must coordinate with a number of muscles and nerves in order to store urine until you are ready to empty it. The muscles that control bladder emptying are communicated with by nerve signals from the brain. The muscles might not be able to contract or relax at the proper moment if these nerves are injured due to disease or trauma.Learn more about the Neurogenic bladder with the help of the given link:
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Given the parents aabbcc × aabbcc, assume simple dominance for each trait and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent?.
The correct answer is 3/4.
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A trait such as eye color, which shows extensive variation within a population is the result of __________ .
Answer:
probably natural selection but it could also be discontinous variation.
Explanation:
depends on what context is??
The inner cellular layer of trophoblast that remains intact inside the blastocyst is termed the?
The inner cellular layer of trophoblast that remains intact inside the blastocyst is termed Cytotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast.
It is found on the outer side of the Blastocyst and inner side of the Syncytiotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast remains intact inside the blastocyst and is present as a inner cellular layer of trophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast produces several hormones like:
GnRHProgesteroneHCGEstrogenCytotrophoblast attaches the fetus that is growing to the uterine wall of the mother's body.
It plays an important role in embyro's transplantation.
Cytotrophoblast releases Proteinaceous enzymes between the endometrial cells allowing many finger-like projections.
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When lions pick off the slowest members of a herd they are hunting why is it beneficial to the group as a whole?
A. The herd puts the least desirable members on the outside for the lions to eat.
B. It keeps the lions busy long enough for the rest to get away.
C. It keeps the herd stronger through natural selection.
D. It does not benefit the herd.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The one that got caught was the one that was most likely least essential to the herds' survival. It was either sick, young, elderly or injured.
Students are having a group discussion and notice that maria has not had a chance to introduce her thoughts. which student response best draws maria into the discussion?
Which procedure involves the direct visualization of the cervical canal and the uterine cavity and is performed to examine the endometrium?.
Which statement best summarizes the process represented by the model?
Chloroplast
Intermembrane B
A Space
Outer Membrane
Granum
(Stack of Thylakoids)
Thylakoid
Light
Dependent
Reactions
C
F
ENT
Calvin
Cycle
D
G
Inner Membrane
Stroma
(Fluid)
OA. Energy from sunlight moves through trophic levels.
B. Solar enerav is converted and stored in chemical bonds.
Answer: solar energy is converted and stored in chemical bonds.
Explanation:
Part B
Many rain forest plants are prone to developing fungal infections on their leaves. Fungi can grow rapidly in moist environments, and a serious infection can kill plants. One rain forest plant species has a genetic variation that affects its leaf structure. The traits and the descriptions of the plant’s leaves are listed in the chart.
Description
Trait A: medium-tip leaves Leaves are narrower toward the tips, but don't come to a full point. Most of the water drains from the leaves.
Trait B: drip-tip leaves Leaves come to a sharp point, leading to thorough water drainage from the leaves.
Trait C: wide-tip leaves Water runs onto the leaves and tends to pool in pockets at the tips.
During natural selection, organisms with harmful traits are less likely to successfully reproduce than organisms with beneficial traits. Neutral traits don’t improve or hurt an organism’s chances for survival. So, they tend to persist in populations when environmental conditions are stable. If the environment changes, neutral traits could become harmful or beneficial depending on the situation.
In year 1, a population of rain forest plants has the following distribution: 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves. You will simulate three years of this population: year 1, year 5, and year 10. How will the trait distribution most likely change over this time?
The trait distribution most likely change over this time such that the plants with favorable traits, medium-tip leaves and drip-tip leaves will survive due to natural selection.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is the process by which organisms which are better suited to their environment survive whereas those not suited die off.
The organisms that are suited to their environment possess special features which enable them to adapt to changes in their environment.
Considering the plants in the rainforest with different leaf tips:
Trait A: medium-tip leavesTrait B: drip-tip leavesTrait C: wide-tip leavesSince fungi grow in moist environments, it can be seen that plants with Trait C will be least favored to survive, while plants with Trait B will be most favored to survive by natural selection.
Thus;
In year 1: the composition of plants is 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves.In year 5: the composition of plants is 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 0 % have drip-tip leavesIn year 10: the composition of plants is 25% have medium-tip leaves, 75% have wide-tip leaves, and 0% have drip-tip leaves.In conclusion, plants with favorable traits will survive due to natural selection.
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What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities?
Two prominent feature of cancer cells abnormal no of chromosomes and large scale structural rearrangements of chromosomes. The chromosome aberrations of chromosome and these are caused by genomic instabilities inherent to most cancers.
The chromosomal abnormalities which is change to child genetics material or DNA which the baby's development before birth. It is also causes miscarriage, disease or problems in development. It is known as aneuploidy, which is abnormal chromosome number due to an extra or missing chromosome.
Malignant tumors cells that can grow uncontrollably and spread locally. It is cancerous which is invade other sites. They also spread bloodstream and this is called metastasis.
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In what direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, do the major circulation patterns rotate in the northern and southern hemispheres? why does each hemisphere have a different pattern?
The Coriolis effect makes storms swirl clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere. Because earth rotates on its axis circulating air is deflected towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere this effect called Coriolis effect.
Hurriances spin counterclockwise because the Coriolis effect. The equator rotates faster than other area of earth's surface and moving in a straight line on north to south axis will curve.
In southern hemisphere currents are deflected to the left. Storm system seem to rotate clockwise. This force is caused by the earth rotation and responsible for air being.
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The cerebral cortex receives blood from the anterior, middle, and posterior ________ arteries.
The cerebral cortex receives blood from the anterior, middle, and posterior Carotid arteries.
About cerebral cortex:
Cerebral cortex controls the motor activities and reacts on the basis of sensations received through the thalamus. The cerebral cortex, which controls motor actions, receives sensations from the thalamus and responds accordingly. Essentially, the brain receives blood flow from four arteries: paired internal carotid arteries and paired vertebral arteries. At the ventral side of the pons, two vertebral arteries combine to produce the basilar artery, which then splits into the posterior cerebral arteries. The anterior and middle cerebral arteries emerge from the internal carotid artery. The arterial circle of Willis is formed by the communication between the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries.Learn more about the cerebral cortex with the help of the given link:
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