The age of rock that is containing 0.628 g Uranium-238 is 2032631864.35 years.
What is half-life?Half-life can be given as the time required by the object to reduced to half of its initial concentration. The concentration remained can be given as:
Final concentration = Initial concentration * 1/2 ^ (t/t1/2)
The initial concentration of rock has been the remaining uranium-238 and lead-206 cumulative concentration. Thus, the initial concentration is given as:
Initial concentration = Uranium-238 + Lead-206
Initial concentration = 0.068 g + 0.025 g
Initial concentration = 0.093g
The final concentration of Uranium-238 remained = 0.68 g
The half life given = 4.5 × 10⁹ years
The age (t) of the rock can be given as:
[tex]0.068=0.093\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{\frac{t}{4.5\times \:10^9}}\\\\\frac{t\times \:10^{-9}}{4.5}\ln \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\ln \left(\frac{68}{93}\right)\\\\t=2032631864.35961[/tex]
Thus, the age of rock that has remaining 0.068 g Uranium-238 is 2032631864.35 years.
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What is regular (specular)
reflection?
A. when all light rays come in at different angles of
incidence
B. when the rays of light reflect at different angles
C. when all light rays reflect at the same angle
D. when all light rays are perpendicular
Answer:
specular reflection reflects all light which arrives from a given direction at the same angles where diffus reflection reflects light in a broad range of direction
In what ways would adding the nabh4 too early would interfere with your reaction?
NaBH4 is blind + will reduce other functional groups.
Functional groups:
The aldehyde group in o-vanillin would be converted to alcohol if it had been added during step one (imine production). Because the carbon is not sufficiently nucleophilic, p-toluidine would not attack and imine would not form in the maximum yield.
Regardless of the other atoms in the molecule, a functional group is a collection of atoms that have specific chemical characteristics. Covalent bonds bind the atoms in a functional group to the other molecules in the molecule as well as to one another. Examples: Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic acid, Halogens, Double & Triple covalent bonds.
A carbonyl in which the carbon atom is linked to at least one hydrogen atom is called an aldehyde. An R-group or a hydrogen atom could be the other group joined to the carbonyl. Aldehydes are a highly reactive form of carbonyl because of the tiny size of the hydrogen atom, which makes it relatively simple for other molecules to approach the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon. Aldehydes are adaptable reactants used in numerous different organic synthesis processes. Numerous aldehydes also have unique tastes and odors.
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For the sequential deprotonations of a polyprotic acid, the equilibrium constants will typically?
For the sequential deprotonations of a polyprotic acid, the equilibrium constants will typically decrease with each successive ionization.
For explaining above statement let's take an example of polyprotic acid like phosphoric acid.
In the phospheric acid [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex], after deprotonation of one hydrogen results as [tex]H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{1}[/tex] . [tex]H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}[/tex] donate one hydrogen results as [tex]H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{2}[/tex] . Similarly, [tex]H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}[/tex] donate one hydrogen results as [tex]PO_{4}^{-3}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{3}[/tex] . The removing of hygen ion from nuetral molecule is easier than removal of hydrogen ion from ionic species So, the value of [tex]K_{1}[/tex] is greater than [tex]K_{2}[/tex] and value of [tex]K_{2}[/tex] is greater than [tex]K_{3}[/tex].
So, the equilibrium constants of polyprotic acid will typically decrease with each successive ionization.
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The malonic ester synthesis is a method for preparing carboxylic acids from alkyl halides. For each of the carboxylic acid products, draw the structure of the alkyl bromide that would be used in its synthesis.
Haloalkanes are another name for alkyl halides. Alkyl halides are substances in which halogen atoms have taken the place of one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine).
What is the structural property of alkyl bromide?Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes in which a halogen atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, is used in place of one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane. An alkyl halide has a link between the carbon atom and the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and has a tetrahedral form.Vinyl halides are substances, as opposed to alkyl halides, in which a halogen atom is attached to a sp2-hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). In contrast, aryl halides are substances in which a halogen atom is joined to an aromatic ring's sp2-hybridized carbon atom.Alkyl halides are further divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides based on the level of substitution at the carbon atom holding the halogen. The term "- carbon" refers to the carbon that is bound to a halogen atom. The term "-carbon" refers to the carbon atom that is connected to it. Greek alphabets are then used to represent the neighboring carbons (, and so on).To learn more about Alkyl halides click here-
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some chemical reactions that are reversible (put some picture for better understanding)
Ammonium chloride is a white solid that breaks down when heated and produces ammonia and hydrogen chloride.
What is the reversible reaction?A reversible reaction is a reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and products to reactants occur at the same time. In the above example, the chemical shows a reversible reaction because it moves both forward and backward direction. In reversible reaction, equal amount of reactant is converted into product and product into reactant.
So we can conclude that Ammonium chloride is a chemical that represents a reversible reaction.
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The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by ________ in the air. proteins pressure dust water chemicals
The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by Chemicals in the air.
Sensory neurons are the neurons that take up the signal from the receptors to the Central Nervous system (CNS)
Olfactory organ is the organ which is capable to sense smell i.e. Olfaction.
The Chemicals present in the air stimulates the sensory neurons present withing the olfactory organ consisting of olfactory epithelium. The cilia present in the epithelium recognizes the chemical present.
The neurons form connections of neuron to the olfactory bulb.
It is a mass of tissue that is round in shape that comprises of several kinds of cells of neurons that are capable to sense smell. It is necessary to sense smell properly.
Odorants are the compound that consist of an odor which get detected by the sensory neurons to carry out olfaction. They activate olfactory receptors and send signals to olfactory bulb.
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During the nitrogen cycle, inorganic nitrogen from the atmosphere is converted into organic compounds. what is this process called? nitrogen cycle is illustrated with a missing step pointing from nitrogen (the atmosphere) to the roots of a plant. © 2016 cc-by-sa decomposition emission fixation transpiration
Nitrogen fixation -
The N2 must be changed through a procedure known as nitrogen fixation for it to be utilized by plants. Fixation transforms atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants' root systems can absorb.What is the organic form of nitrogen?
Nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and N2 gas are the main inorganic nitrogen forms. Numerous compounds, such as amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, and urea, contain organic nitrogen.Learn more about Nitrogen fixation
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He heat of solution of kcl is 17. 2 kj/mol and the lattice energy of kcl(s) is 701. 2 kj/mol. calculate the total heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase k ions and cl– ions
The total heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase [tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]ions is - 684 kJ/mol.
Calculation ,
Given data ,
Heat of solution = 17. 2 kJ/mol
lattice energy of KCl(s) = 701. 2 kJ/mol.
heat of hydration = ?
The KCl is formed by[tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]– ions
Δ[tex]H_{solution}[/tex] = U° + Δ[tex]H_{hydration}[/tex]
Δ[tex]H_{hydration}[/tex] = Δ[tex]H_{solution}[/tex] - U° = 17. 2 kJ/mol - 701. 2 kJ/mol = - 684 kJ/mol
Hence, heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase [tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions is - 684 kJ/mol.
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How many milliliters of a 9. 0 mh2so4 solution are needed to make 0. 45 l of a 3. 5 m solution?
There are 1157.14 milliliters of a 9. 0 M [tex]H_{2} SO_4}[/tex] solution are needed to make 0. 45 L of a 3. 5 M solution.
Calculation,
The formula for the dilution of a solution is given as:
[tex]M_{1} V_{1}[/tex] = [tex]M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
Where M is molarity and V is the volume of the solution in liters ( L ).
Given data,
[tex]M_{1}[/tex] = 9. 0 M
[tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 0. 45 L
[tex]M_{2}[/tex] = 3. 5 M
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = ?
9. 0 M ×0. 45 = 3. 5 M × [tex]V_{2}[/tex]
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] in Lit = 9. 0 M ×0. 45/ 3. 5 M = 1.15 L
[tex]V_{2}[/tex] in the ml = 1.15 × 1000ml = 1157.14 ml
Volume in milliliters is 1157.14 .
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If a substance x has a solubility of 2. 4×10^−5 mg/l, and a molar mass of 188 g/mol. What is the molar solubility of the substance?
The molar solubility of the substance is 1.2 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M if a substance x has a solubility of 2. 4 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] mg/l, and a molar mass of 188 g/mol.
Calculation ,
The number of moles dissolve in one liter of solution is called molar solubility.
Given Solubility = 2.4 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] mg/L
Solubility = 2.4 × [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] g/L = 2.4 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] g/L
Molar mass = 188 g/mol
Molar Solubility = 2.4 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] g/L / 188 g/mol = 0.012 × [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] mol/L
Molar Solubility = 1.2 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M
Therefore , the molar solubility of the substance is 1.2 × [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] M
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g. Hot water at 100 °C is added to 300 g of water at 0 °C until the final temperature is 40 °C. Find the mass of the hot water added. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Jkg-¹°C¹.
Answer:
000
Explanation:
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A substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area in which it has a low concentration is moving ______ the concentration gradient.
A substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area in which it has a low concentration is moving btween two concentration gradient.
What is diffusion?Diffusion can simply be defined as the movement of substances from a region of a high concentration to a region of lower concentration.
It is also the movement of substances from a region of a strong solution to a region of weak solution.
So therefore, a substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area in which it has a low concentration is moving btween two concentration gradient.
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What is the mass (g) of a piece of magnesium wire that produces 41. 8 ml of hydrogen gas collected over water at 21. 0 °c and at a pressure of 752 torr?
The mass (g) of a piece of magnesium wire that produces 41. 8 ml of hydrogen gas collected over water at 21. 0 °c and at a pressure of 752 torr is 0.041 gm.
Calculation,
According to ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
Where, P is the pressure = 752 torr = 752 mmHg/760 mmHg/atm
P is the pressure in atm = 0.989atm
V is the volume = 41. 8 ml = 0.0418 L
R is the universal gas constant = 0.0821 Latm/mol K
T is the temperature = 21. 0 °C = 21. 0 + 273 = 294 K
n is the number of moles = ?
By putting value of P , V , T , and R in equation (i) we get,
0.989atm × 0.0418 L = n ×0.0821 Latm/mol K ×294 K
n = 0.989atm × 0.0418 L/0.0821 Latm/mol K×294 K = 0.00171 mol
Number of moles (n) = given mass/ molar mass = given mass/24.305
Mass = Number of moles×molar mass = 0.00171 mol×24.305 g/mol
Mass of the magnesium wire = 0.041 gm
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Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment. I. Bcl3 ii. Bif2 iii. Bclf2.
The correct order of increasing dipole moment is as follows.
[tex]$B C l_{3} < B I F_{2} < B C l F_{2}$[/tex]
What is increasing dipole moment?When the separation of two opposite electrical charges is calculated then it is known as the dipole moment.The more the electronegativity of an atom more it will have in electrons towards itself. For example,[tex]$B C l_{3}$[/tex] electrons will be pulled towards the chlorine atom as it is more electronegative than the boron.Hence, the dipole moment is canceled out. So, it will have zero dipole moment. In[tex]$B I F_{2}$[/tex] and [tex]$B C l F_{2}$[/tex], fluorine is more electronegative and it is present in both the molecules.But chlorine is more electronegative than iodine atom. So, the dipole moment of [tex]$B C l F_{2}$[/tex] more than the dipole moment[tex]$B I F_{2}$[/tex]Thus, we can conclude that the correct order of increasing dipole moment is as follows.
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A student sets up the following equation to solve a problem in solution stoichiometry.
(The ? stands for a number the student is going to calculate.)
Enter the units of the student's answer.
Answer:
[tex]\frac{g}{mL}[/tex]
Explanation:
You can determine the units in the final answer by identifying which of the units cancel out. Units are eliminated (cancelled out) when they are located both in the numerator and denominator of proportions being multiplied.
In this case, these units are cancelled out.....
-----> milligrams (mg) = (1st and 2nd proportions)
-----> decaliters (dL) = (1st and 3rd proportions)
-----> liters (L) = (3rd and 4th proportions)
As these units are not cancelled out, you are left with grams (g) in the numerator and milliliters (mL) in the denominator.
The final units should be represented by:
[tex]? \frac{g}{mL}[/tex]
A d1 octahedral complex is found to absorb visible light, with the absorption maximum occurring at 503 nm. calculate the crystal-field splitting energy, δ , in kj/mol
237.9 KJ/mol⁻¹ crystal-field splitting energy is found to absorb visible light.
What is crystal-field splitting energy?The energy of the electron configuration in the ligand field less the energy of the electronic configuration in the isotropic field is known as the crystal field energy.
The core metal ion's d orbitals split into two groups with various energies in an octahedral complex. The energy of the electron transition, which is related to the wavelength of the emitted light, is equal to the energy of the crystal-field splitting.
Δ = E = ℎ c / λ
Where,
where ℎ is the Planck constant, 6.62*10⁻³⁴m²kg s⁻¹, and c is the speed of light, 3 x 10⁸m s⁻¹.
Δ = 6.62*10⁻³⁴m²kg s⁻¹ / 503 x 10⁻⁹
= 3.95 x 10⁻¹⁹
= 3.95 x 10⁻¹⁹
This value is the splitting energy per ion.
To convert it to J/mol, we should multiply it by Avogadro number, 6.022 x 10²³mol⁻¹
= 3.95 x 10⁻¹⁹ x 6.022 x 10²³mol⁻¹
= 237.9 KJ/mol⁻¹
Therefore, the crystal-field splitting energy is 237.9 KJ/mol⁻¹ .
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The human eye has an osmotic pressure of 8. 00 atm at 37. 0 °c. what concentration (in moles/l) of a saline (nacl) solution will provide an isotonic eyedrop solution?
0.3147 concentration (in moles/l) of a saline (NaCl) solution will provide an isotonic eyedrop solution.
Isotonic eye drops
Because it might result in eye discomfort or tissue damage if it is not maintained, isotonicity is regarded as a crucial component of ophthalmic medicines. A few drops of blood are mixed with the test preparation before being examined and judged under a microscope at a magnification of 40. Isotonic solutions are those that have the same amount of water and other solutes in them as the cytoplasm of a cell. Since there is no net gain or loss of water, placing cells in an isotonic solution will not cause them to either shrink or swell.
We can calculate the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution using the following expression.
π = M . R . T
where,
π is the osmotic pressure
M is the molar concentration of the solution
R is the ideal gas constant
T is the absolute temperature
The absolute temperature is 37 + 273 = 310 K
π = M . R . T
8 = (X mol/L) . (0.082atm.L/mol.K) . 310 K = 0.3147 mol/L
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Who invented the clay triangle?
A chemistry laboratory device is a clay triangle to support the crucible when heated to high temperatures. It consists of a three-sided triangle frame made of clay or ceramic material.
The heat can pass through the open sides and is evenly distributed throughout the crucible. Although the soil triangle is a common and commonly used piece of laboratory equipment, it is difficult to ascertain who actually invented it.
The design of the clay triangle probably changed over time as a result of diverse contributions from scientists and chemists working on building laboratory equipment. The soil triangle may not have had a clear beginning, as is the case with many scientific instruments, but it is considered an evolution in laboratory technology overall.
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For a typical titration, 0. 010 m naoh is the titrant (in the buret). if the initial buret reading is 2. 45 ml, and the final buret reading is 18. 70 ml, how much naoh was used for the titration?
16.25 ml NaOH was used for the titration.
Titration:"The process of calculating the quantity of a material A by adding measured increments of substance B, the titrant, with which it reacts until exact chemical equivalency is obtained (the equivalence point)" is the definition of titration.
A titration is a method for figuring out the concentration of an unknown solution by using a solution with a known concentration. Until the reaction is finished, the titrant (the known solution) is typically added from a buret to a known volume of the analyte (the unknown solution).
0. 010 m NaOH is the titrant (in the buret).
The initial buret reading is 2. 45 ml
The final buret reading is 18. 70 ml
The volume of NaOH = 18.70ml - 2.45 ml
= 16.25 ml
Therefore, 16.25 ml NaOH was used for the titration.
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What mass of silver can be plated onto an object in 33. 5 minutes at 8. 70 a of current? ag (aq) e- → ag(s) 19. 6 g 9. 78 g 0. 326 g 3. 07 g 0. 102 g
Mass of silver can be plated onto an object in 33. 5 minutes at 8. 70 a of current is 19.55 g
Given, I=8.70A, t=33.5min=33.5*60=2010 sec, m of Ag = 19600g M=107.87 g/mol
From faradays law we can write q=I*t= 8.70*2010=17487 C.
moles of Ag =17487/ 19600=0.1812 moles
Ag deposited = 0.1812*107.87 = 19.55 g
SilverHaving the atomic number 47 and the Latin word argentum, which means "bright" or "white," silver is a chemical element. Its symbol is Ag. The highest electrical, thermal, and reflectivity of any metal are displayed by this transition metal, which is soft, white, and lustrous. The metal can be found in the Earth's crust in three different forms: as an alloy with other metals like gold and in minerals like argentite and chlorargyrite. It can also be found in its pure, free elemental form, also known as "native silver." During the refining of copper, gold, lead, and zinc, the majority of silver is created as a byproduct. As a valuable metal, silver has long been treasured.
What mass of silver can be plated onto an object in 33. 5 minutes at 8. 70 a of current? ag (aq) e- → ag(s) 19. 6 g 9. 78 g 0. 326 g 3. 07 g 0. 102 g
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What is the oxidation number for n in the compound nh3? (recall that h usually has an oxidation number of 1.)
The oxidation number for n in the compound [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will be -3.
The charge an atom would have if all of its links to other atoms formed fully ionic could be known as the oxidation state, also known as the oxidation number. It describes how much an atom in a chemical molecule has been oxidized. The oxidation state can theoretically be positive, negative, and zero.
The oxidation number of N in [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will be calculated as:
Let the oxidation number of H is 1.
[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] = 0
x + 3(1) = 0
x = -3.
Therefore, the oxidation number for N in the compound [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will be -3.
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If the density of blood is 1. 060 g/ml. What is the mass of 6. 56 pints of blood?
Answer:
3290 gm
Explanation:
6.56 pints * 473.1765 ml/pint * 1.060 g/ml = 3290 gm
If the density of blood is 1. 060 g/ml. 3290 grams is the mass of 6. 56 pints of blood.
In the study of chemistry, physics, and engineering, comprehending and characterising different substances depend greatly on density, a fundamental physical attribute. It is described as the ratio of a material's mass to volume. Being an intense quality, density is solely reliant on the composition of the substance and is not dependent on its quantity.
1 pint=473.176 milliliters.
6.56 pints ×473.176 ml/pint = 3099.57 milliliters
Density of blood = 1.060 g/ml
Volume of blood = 3099.57 ml
Mass = Density × Volume
Mass = 1.060 g/ml × 3099.57 ml ≈ 3290 grams
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A buffer is prepared by adding 300. 0 ml of 2. 0 mnaoh to 500. 0 ml of 2. 0 mch3cooh. what is the ph of this buffer? ka= 1. 8 10-5(ans. 4. 92)
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to determine the pH of the buffer from the pKa value. The pH of the buffer will be 4.75.
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to determine the value of pH of the buffer with the help of the acid disassociation constant.
Given,
Acid disassociation constant (ka) = 1. 8 10⁻⁵
Concentration of NaOH = 2.0 M
Concentration of CH₃COOH = 2.0 M
pKa value is calculated as,
pKa = -log Ka
pKa = - log (1. 8 x 10⁻⁵)
Substituting the value of pKa in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation as
pH = - log (1. 8 x 10⁻⁵) + log [2.0] ÷ [2.0]
pH = - log (1. 8 x 10⁻⁵) + log [1]
= 4.745 + 0
= 4.75
Therefore, 4.75 is the pH of the buffer.
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Acetophenone was treated by one equivalent of lda, followed by one equivalent of \it{tert}-butyl bromide. what are the most likely reaction products?
The most likely reaction product when acetophenone was treated by one equivalent of LDA, followed by one equivalent of tert-butyl bromide.
The full form of LDA is the lithium diisopropyle amide. The enolates can acts as nucleophile in SN2 type reaction . Overall an alpha hydrogen is replaced with an alkyl group . This reaction is one of the more important for enolates because a carbon - carbon bond formed .
Example : when acetophenone was treated by one equivalent of LDA, which is base and abstract alpha hydrogen followed by one equivalent of tert-butyl bromide which gives tert-butyl bromide which is alkyl and such reaction is called alkylation.
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The major product expected from the sequential reaction of cyclopentene with br2/h2o, followed by sodium hydroxide is:
The major product expected from the sequential reaction of cyclopentene with [tex]Br_{2} /H_{2} O[/tex] , followed by sodium hydroxide is cyclopentene epoxide.
The treatment of cyclopentene with [tex]Br_{2} /H_{2} O[/tex] which is known as bromine water is an electrophilic substitution reaction.
In the first step the bromine molecule and the water molecule reacts each other and leads to formation of the bromohydrines . After that bromohydrines will break and we get halide anion i.e., bromine anion because bromine is more electronegativity and hydrin as a cation.
The cyclopentene will react with bromohydrin to give trans-2-bromopententanol and after reaction with base it give cyclopentane epoxide .
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Which are products of nuclear fusion? check all that apply. energy helium gas high temperatures hydrogen gas low pressure
The products created during nuclear fusion are Energy and Helium Gas
Overall, two positrons, two neutrinos (which convert two of the protons into neutrons), and energy are released along with the fusion of four protons into one alpha particle.
What is Nuclear fission ?Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which low energy neutrons are used to smash the nucleus of an atom into smaller nuclei. In this process, a large amount of energy is released. Nuclear fission reactions are employed in nuclear power reactors due to their simplicity and high energy output.
What is Nuclear fusion ?When two or more atoms come together to produce one heavier nucleus, the process is known as nuclear fusion. This process releases a tremendous quantity of energy, far more than the energy
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A sparingly soluble metal fluoride with formula mf2, where m is an unknown metal, has a ksp = 6. 65 x 10-6. calculate the concentration of f- in solution
A sparingly soluble metal fluoride with formula MF₂, where m is an unknown metal, has a Ksp = 6.65 x 10⁻⁶. The concentration of F⁻ in solution 2.36 x 10⁻³M
Ksp is called the Molar solubility product and S is the Molar solubility of an ion in a solution.
According to given formula, the dissociation of metal fluoride MF₂ occurs as follows in aqueous solution:
MF₂ ------> M⁺² + 2F⁻
S 2S
Ksp = [S] [2S]²
Ksp = 4S³
Given, Ksp = 6.65 x 10⁻⁶
On substituting,
6.65 x 10⁻⁶ = 4S³
S³ = 1.66 x 10⁻⁶
S = 1.18 x 10⁻³
So, Solubility of F⁻ ion = 2S
Solubility of F⁻ ion = 2(1.18 x 10⁻³)
Solubility of F⁻ ion = 2.36 x 10⁻³
Since Molarity of the ions is equal to the solubility of the ion in aqueous solution.
Hence, the concentration of F⁻ ion is 2.36 x 10⁻³M.
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At 2525 °c, what is the hydroxide ion concentration, [oh−][oh−] , in an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of [h ]=1. 5×10−6[h ]=1. 5×10−6 m?
The hydroxide ion concentration [OH-] in an aqueous solution is 6.66 x 10⁻⁹ M
Experimental measurements of the pKw of water at 25ºC yielded a result of 14.0. The same method used to determine the pKa of all other water-soluble compounds that can function as acids in aqueous solution can also be used to determine this value from the examination of thermodynamic or electrochemical data for these aqueous solutions.
Water has a pkw=14
So it can be represented as,
[H+] [OH-] = 1×10^-14
Given [H+] = 1. 5×10^−6
So, [OH-] = (1*10^-14) / ( 1.5*10^-6)
= 6.66 x 10⁻⁹ M
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If the a of a monoprotic weak acid is 2. 6×10−6, what is the ph of a 0. 33 m solution of this acid?
The pH of the monoprotic weak acid is 2.79.
What are weak acids?The weak acids are the acids that do not fully dissociate into ions in the solution. Strong acids fully dissociate into ions.
The chemical reaction is HA(aq) ⇄ A⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq).
c (monoprotic acid) = 0.33 M.
Ka = 1.2·10⁻⁶
[A⁻] = [H⁺] = x
[HA] = 0.33 M - x
Ka = [A⁻]·[H⁺] / [HA]
2. 6 × 10⁻⁶ = x² / (0.33 M - x)
Solve quadratic equation: [H⁺] = 0.000524 M.
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log(0.000524 M)
pH = 2.79
Thus, the pH of the monoprotic weak acid is 2.79
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The decomposition of an insecticide in water at 12 °C follows first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.45 yr¹. A drum of this insecticide leaks into a lake, resulting in a concentration of 419 nM. What will be the insecticide concentration in the lake in 3.9 years? Enter your answer in nanomoles (nM), to two significant figures.
The concentration in the next 3.9 years is obtained as 1.5 nM.
What is first order kinetics?We know from first order kinetics that the relationship between the concentration and the time is exponential and leads to a straight line graph of the equation;
ln[A] = ln[A]o - kt
[A] = ?
[A]o = 419 nM
k = 1.45 yr¹
t = 3.9 years
ln[A] = ln(419) - (1.45 * 3.9)
[A] = e^ ln(419) - (1.45 * 3.9)
[A] = e^6.04 - 5.655
[A] = 1.5 nM
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