Deep brain structures involved in movement and the formation of our procedural memories for skills include the temporal-lobe neural center.
What is structure of deep brain?It can be challenging to distinguish the deep brain structures on regular imaging since they are a complex collection of nuclei and white matter fibers.Patients with movement problems such essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and dystonia can be treated surgically with DBS. Additionally, it can be used to manage epilepsy and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.Several parts of the brain are implanted with electrodes during deep brain stimulation (DBS). Electrical impulses generated by these electrodes control aberrant impulses. Or the brain's cells and molecules may be affected by the electrical impulses.Gradient-index lenses that are permanently implanted allow for the imaging of calcium activity in the deep brain and provide a "window into the brain" that allows for the single-cell resolution imaging of many neurons.
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The sensory endings of intrafusal muscle fibers __________ when the muscle lengthens and __________ when it shortens
The sensory endings of intrafusal muscle fibers stretch when the muscle lengthens and relax when it shortens.
Intrafusal muscle fibers are skeletal muscle fibres that serve as specialized sensory organs (proprioceptors). They detect the amount and rate of change in length of a muscle. They constitute the muscle spindle, and are innervated by both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers.
There are two types of intrafusal muscle fibers:
Nuclear bag fibers Nuclear chain fibersThey bear two types of sensory ending, known as annulospiral and flower-spray endings. Both ends of these fibers contract, but the central region only stretches and does not contract.
Intrafusal muscle fibers are walled off from the rest of the muscle by an outer connective tissue sheath consisting of flattened fibroblasts and collagen. This sheath has a spindle or "fusiform" shape, hence the name "intrafusal".
Function :
Intrafusal muscle fibers detect the amount and rate of change in muscle length. It is by the sensory information from gamma motor neurons and beta motor neurons that an individual is able to judge the position of their muscles.
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A. what is hard water? why is the presence of hard water often considered a negative thing? (3 points)
Hard water contains mineral ions basically the calcium and magnesium ions.
The presence of hard water often considered a negative thing as it is associated with a number of issues related to plumbing, water storage as well as cleaning and maintenance.
Hard water leads to clogged pipes due to the deposition of ions on the surface of water conducting pipes. This hindrance also degrades the quality of equipment used for water storage and heating e.g. geysers.
The hardness of water can either be temporary or permanent depending on the type of ions present in it. Temporary hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions whereas Permanent hard water contains anions like the sulfate ion.
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how do carbon dioxide and oxygen move in and out of a mesophyll cell
When testing tonicity in potato strips, you soaked potato strips in different solutions. you were then able to determine the tonicity of the solutions based on:_____.
When testing tonicity in potato strips, you soaked potato strips in different solutions. you were then able to determine the tonicity of the solutions based on Whether the potato was crisp or flaccid.
Tonicity is a degree of the powerful osmotic stress gradient; the water potential of solutions separated with the resource of a partially permeable cell membrane. The capability of an extracellular manner to make water move into or out of cellular with the aid of using osmosis is referred to as its tonicity.
Tonicity relies upon on the relative awareness of selective membrane impermeable solutes during a cellular membrane which determine the route and volume of osmotic flux.
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what are the functions of an amoeba
Answer:
Apart from their roles in human disease, amoebas are also an important part of the soil ecosystem.
An amoeba functions as a part of the food web as a consumer and scavenger. This organism feeds on dead matter as well as other small organisms such as algae and protozoans. The amoeba in turn provides food for water fleas and mussels.
Use your knowledge of microorganisms to complete this table.
Bacteria are prokaryotes, fungi and protists are eukaryotic organisms and viruses are not living.
In what ways it is possible to distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes?Bacteria (e.g., E coli) are prokaryotic organisms whose cells don't have nuclei or membrane bound organelles, reproduce by asexual ways such as binary fission, and they are beneficial as descomposers.
Some common diseases caused by bacteria include tetanus (Clostridium tetani), pneumonia (Klebsiella pneumoniae), cholera (Vibrio cholerae), etc.
Moreover, protists (e.g. algae) and Fungi (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are eukaryotic organisms that have cell nuclei and organelles, can reproduce by asexual reproduction, can perform photosynthesis (algae) or acts as decomposers (fungi).
Some common diseases caused by protists/protozoans include malaria (Plasmodium), sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma), etc.
Some common diseases caused by fungi include aspergillosis (Aspergillus), candidiasis (Candida albicans), etc.
Finally, viruses are not living because they need a host to survive and are also useful as vectors to design gene therapy techniques.
Some common diseases caused by viruses include AIDS (HIV retrovirus), dengue fever (Flaviviridae viruses), etc.
Bacteria are used to produce insulin and other natural medications, viruses are used as carriers for the treatment of diseases, protozoans can enhance the fertility of soils and fungi are employed in the preparation of foods.
In conclusion, bacteria are prokaryotes, fungi and protists are eukaryotic organisms and viruses are not living.
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The ________, which is still developing during adolescence, is a part of the brain responsible for judgment, impulse control, and planning.
The prefrontal cortex, which is still developing during adolescence, is a part of the brain responsible for judgment, impulse control, and planning.
Define brain and its various parts.
The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem are the three major components of the brain. The brain's main structure, the cerebrum, is made up of the right and left hemispheres. Higher cognitive tasks include understanding touch, vision, hearing, speech, logic, emotions, learning, and fine motor control, among others.
It is the most complex part of the human body.
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Which protein joins together the okazaki fragments of dna in the lagging strand?
DNA ligase joints together the Okazaki fragment of DNA in the lagging strand.
DNA ligase is the enzyme .it catalyses the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'OH group at the end of one DNA fragment and the 5'phosphate group at the end of another.
During DNA replication in the lagging strand, okazaki fragments are formed because due to different primer are available for DNA polymerase enzyme. so the new DNA strand takes place in discontinuous manner. DNA ligase enzyme act as molecular suture . it s form phosphodiester bond between 3'OH group of one DNA to 5'phosphate group of another DNA molecule. so the newly synthesised DNA takes place in continuous manner.
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In the dna isolation process, ________ is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the dna molecules to easily precipitate.
In the DNA isolation process, ice cold 95% ethanol is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.
What is separation and isolation of DNA fragments?
The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Since, DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. The most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves.The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation (you cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light and without staining). We can see bright orange coloured bands of DNA in a ethidium bromide stained gel exposed to UV light. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution. The DNA fragments purified in this way are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with cloning vectors.To learn more about DNA isolation process: https://brainly.com/question/18316109
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Which best describes the process of insertion?
occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and is placed into the middle of another chromosome
occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backward on the same chromosome
occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and does not reattach
occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome
The term "occurs when a part of chromosome breaks off and is placed in the middle another chromosome" describes the process of insertion.
What is mutation?The alteration of gene sequence that cause a change in gene behavior is called as mutation.The sequence of DNA in chromosomes can be altered in a number of ways including substitution, deletion, duplication, insertion, and inversion.What is insertion?The insertion is a process of mutation which changes the sequence of DNA by adding nucleotides to the gene sequence.As the result of insertion, the activity of genes can be altered, or the derived protein won't function in a proper manner.The segment of DNA added may be small like a single base but can bring out significant variation in size.Interchromosomal insertion is the insertion of a segment of the chromosome into an interstitial region of a non-homologous chromosome.Intrachromosomal insertion is the translocation of a chromosome segment into a different region of the same chromosome.The effects of insertion vary depending on the size, gene content, and orientation of the inserted fragments. An example of insertion mutation is fragile X syndrome. In this mutation, 200 CGG nucleotide repeats are inserted into the gene segment and made it non-functional.To learn more about Insertion, refer: https://brainly.com/question/13041683
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Answer: (D) occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome
Explanation: EDGE 2023
What process occurs in box a? what process occurs in box a? electron transport glycolysis the citric acid cycle electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.
Process that occurs in boxA electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions forming an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen, whereas the Krebs cycle and electron transport occur in the mitochondria and do require oxygen. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway, that converts glucose into pyruvate. In it oxidation of glucose is involved.
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Dna sequencing is a technology that allows scientists to?
DNA sequencing is a technology that allows scientists to determine the genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment
It also help scientists to determine the order the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine or nucleic acid sequence
What is DNA sequencing?DNA sequencing can be defined as the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
So therefore, DNA sequencing is a technology that allows scientists to determine the genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment
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Lava flows are typically finer grained (i. e. the rock is made up of smaller mineral grains) than intrusive igneous rocks. what is the principle reason for this?
Lava flows are typically finer grained (i. e. the rock is made up of smaller mineral grains) than intrusive igneous rocks because the extrusive magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time to grow.
When lava comes out of a volcano and solidifies into extrusive igneous rock, the rock cools very quickly. Crystals inside solid volcanic rocks are small because they do not have much time to form until the rock cools all the way, which stops the crystal growth. Magma, called lava when molten rock erupts on the surface, cools and solidifies almost instantly when it is exposed to the relatively cool temperature of the atmosphere. Quick cooling means that mineral crystals don't have much time to grow, so these rocks have a very fine-grained or even glassy texture.
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In pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment, the importance of the s-shaped curves in the flasks was twofold. the curves allowed entry of air but excluded?
Answer: The exclusion of microbes, such as bacteria and spores.
Explanation:
The swan-neck flask broth was able to remain sterile because the "dips" of the flask's neck acted as a reservoir to contain microbes that managed to get in through the open mouth.
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (gas) is?
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (gas) is adrenaline.
Produces CRH, which is then released, causing the pituitary to generate ACTH. Synthesizes and releases ACTH, which instructs the adrenal glands to release cortisol. Hormones important for the stress response are released. The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine, sometimes known as adrenaline. This is the first stage of global adaptation syndrome. Your body is currently alerting your brain that something is wrong. The body responds to the brain's message by releasing glucocorticoids and adrenaline, which are known as your "fight or flight" hormones. The general adaption syndrome has three stages: alarm, resistance, and fatigue. Alarm, fight, or flight is the body's first response to "perceived" stress.Learn more about hormones here brainly.com/question/4581245
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the number of possible genetically different gametes for an organisms equals 2
The number of possible genetically different gametes of an organism depends on the genotype of the organism.
What are gametes?Gametes are generated when sex cells divide meiotically in sexually reproducing living organisms.
The different gametes that can be produced as far as genotype is concerned depend largely on the genotype of the parent.
Parents that are homzygous for a particular trait will produce gametes that are genetically the same for that trait.
Whereas, parents that are heterozygous for a trait will produce gametes that are genetically different for the trait. Some gametes will have dominant alleles while others will have recessive alleles.
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A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as?
A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as classical conditioning.
In classical conditioning, a stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response that was first elicited by another stimulus. Almost by accident, Pavlov made this type of learning discovery while studying the canine digestive system.
He had surgically inserted a tube into a dog's salivary gland, which was used to collect the saliva the dog made after being given food powder to chew on. Before they were given food, several of Pavlov's dogs started to salivate.
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Cystic fibrosous is an inherited exocrine gland disorder that causes thick secretions of?
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited exocrine gland disorder that causes thick secretions of mucus and pus from respiratory infections to accumulate in the lungs.
What is mucus?Mucous membranes secrete mucus, a slick, viscous liquid. It lines the inside of mouth, nose, throat, sinuses, lungs, and digestive system. It is primarily composed of water (95%) and contains a variety of proteins, lipids, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and DNA.It is produced by the mucous membranes that go from your nose to your lungs. When you breathe in, mucus sticks to dust, allergens, viruses, and other particles before being evacuated from your body.But occasionally, your body can produce too much mucus, which would call for repeated throat clearing.Lungs, throat, mouth, nose, and sinuses are lined with mucus, which is a sticky, gelatinous substance.Drinking enough beverages, particularly warm ones, can aid in the passage of mucus. By assisting your mucus in moving, water and other drinks can ease your congestion. Consider sipping soup, clear broths, and juice.Lemon water, warm fruit juice, and decaffeinated tea are further recommended drink options.Learn more about mucus here:
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Disclaimer: The question given in the portal in incomplete. Here, the complete question.
Question: cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited exocrine gland disorder that causes thick secretions of _____ to accumulate in the lungs.
Atp is not generated directly in the citric acid cycle. Instead, an intermediate is first generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. The intermediate is?
ATP is not generated directly in the citric acid cycle. Instead, an intermediate is first generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. The intermediate is GTP.
What is GTP?A purine nucleoside triphosphate is guanosine-5'-triphosphate. It serves as one of the components necessary for the creation of RNA during transcription. The main distinction between its structure and that of the guanosine nucleoside is the presence of phosphates on the ribose sugar of nucleotides like GTP.Also known as guanosine triphosphate, this energy-dense nucleotide is similar to ATP and is made up of guanine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. It is required for the creation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis.Adenine nitrogenous base, sugar ribose, and triphosphate make up ATP, a nucleoside triphosphate, whereas guanine nitrogenous base, sugar ribose, and triphosphate make up GTP. This is the main distinction between the two compounds.The alpha-guanosine subunit's diphosphate (GDP) is converted into guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and the GTP-bound alpha-subunit subsequently separates from the beta- and gamma-subunits.
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Most of the species that are yet undiscovered are probably birds and fish. mammals and reptiles. fungi. invertebrates. multicellular plants.
Invertebrates , Many species are found in remoter environments smaller species receive less attention than large organism and cataloging these species is a huge task.Most of the world's species remain undiscovered by science.
Biologist classified that 1.7 million plants and animals as 2010 , less than one quarter of total species estimated in the world by the help of new techniques in molecular biology. They figure out that still over five million species are yet not be found.
The new species like amphibians and reptiles are most undiscovered animals having limited ranges that may inaccessible. Creatures which are smaller and inhabit limited area are more likely to have been overlooked.
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What explains the fact that cells are able to differentiate into adult cells with different structures and functions?
After ovulation, the secondary oocyte is drawn from the peritoneal cavity into the uterine tube by _________
After ovulation, the secondary oocyte is drawn from the peritoneal cavity into the uterine tube by fimbriae.
Ovulation is the process by which a developed egg is released from the female ovary so that male sperm cells can fertilize it. In humans, only one egg is typically released at a time; on rare occasions, two or more may do so during the menstrual cycle. On the 14th to 16th day of the roughly 28-day menstrual cycle, the egg emerges from the ovary. The little, finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes known as the fimbriae of the uterine tube, or fimbriae tube are where eggs go from the ovaries to the uterus. The ovary and fimbriae are joined.The immature ovum that forms soon after ovulation is called a secondary oocyte.Near the fibrotic end of the fallopian tube, secondary oocytes are discharged into the abdominal cavity.learn more about ovulation here:
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While looking through the 40x objective lens, you use the micrometer and measure an insect’s leg. it is 16 mm. what is the actual size of the insect leg?
0.4 micrometer
0.4 micrometer is the actual size of the insect leg.
When we say we are see through the 40X objective lens that means we are seeing the object 40 times its original size.
Hence 16/40 = 0.4 micrometer
So the original size of the insect leg = 0.4 micrometer.
What is a microscope?Microscope is an optical device that is often magnified several hundred times and used to observe extremely minute things, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells.
What are the types of microscope?Simple microscope.Compound microscope.Electron microscope.Stereomicroscope.Scanning probe microscope.What is the principle behind microscopy?Microbiology is a branch of science that focuses on microscopic living things that cannot be seen with the bare eye. Naturally, a good compound microscope must be used for such a study. A two-lens system, a changeable yet controllable light source, and mechanically adjustable pieces for adjusting the focal length between the lenses and specimen are the core components of all forms and modifications of the technique.To learn more about microscope visit:
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A seal and a shark eat the same kind of fish.
What ecological interaction describes the relationship between the seal and the shark?
Choose 1 answer:
A: Predation
B: Commensalism
C: Competition
D: Mutualism
Answer:
The correct answer is A.Predation
Why are ganymede and callisto geologically dead while the other two galilean moons of jupiter are active?
Ganymede & Callisto are low-density moons with a mixture of ice and rock. They are farther from Jupiter and are geologically dead.
The four largest moons of Jupiter, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, are known as the Galilean moons or Galilean satellites. Galileo Galilei initially observed them in December 1609 or January 1610, and in March 1610, he identified them as Jupiter satellites. They were the first discovered extraterrestrial objects orbiting a planet other than the Earth.
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How can databases of variants be used to help pinpoint a disease-causing mutation?
The human gene mutation database (HGMD) is a collection of published germ-line mutations in nuclear genes that underlie , or are closely associated with human inherited disease.
For identifying the pathogenic mutation among thousands to millions of genomic variant is a major challenges and prioritization strategies are required. Current strategies for Mendelian disease gene identification by exome re-sequencing.
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to identify new pathogenic mutations and genes causing rare genetic diseases. The analyses of NGS data is not trivial and required a technically and biologically rigorous pipeline that address the data quality , accurate variant filtration to minimize mistakes.
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Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone: cortisol. calcitonin. aldosterone. parathyroid hormone. adh
Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone parathyroid hormone.
What is parathyroid hormone?The parathyroid glands emit a peptide hormone known as parathyroid hormone, sometimes known as parathormone or parathyrin, which regulates the serum calcium content through acting on the gut, kidney, and bone.One or more of the parathyroid glands are hyperactive in primary hyperparathyroidism. The gland thus produces an excess of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Too much PTH raises calcium levels in the blood, which can result in health issues like kidney stones and bone weakening.The following processes are stimulated by the parathyroid hormone: bones' release of calcium into the blood. The intestines' absorption of calcium from meals. kidneys' preservation of calcium.Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which parathyroid hormone secretion or activity is low. This lack of PTH causes blood phosphorus and calcium levels to rise and fall, respectively.
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what graph would you use?
The pH of solutions in experimental test
tubes.
Test-tube number
1
2
3
4
5
pH
6.7
7.1
7.4
7.1
7.0
Explanation:
I don't know I just really need points at this point and need answers to a test so I'm sorry for this
What is the term for a group of species more closely related based on sharing the same adaptive zone and modified features?
a. species
b. family
c. genus
The Genus is the term is which is used to define a group of species more closely related based on sharing the same adaptive zone and modified features.
Genus, which is plurally known as genera is a group of the related living things (as plants or as animals) that the family in the scientific classification and is made up of one or more species.
Genus is the first word of a binomial scientific name and some of its examples are: plant genus containing many species is Rosa, which contains more than 100 species of roses; another example is: all the species of mushrooms that are part of the Amanita family.
The important point to note here will be that the scientific name of a genus, is always capitalized; the generic name or generic epithet; the generic name can be abbreviated, e.g. L. angustifolia.
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The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through.
Through mitosis, the number of chromosomes is kept constant from one cell generation to the next.
What occurs during mitosis?A cell divides into two identical daughter cells after duplicating all of its components, including its chromosomes. Due to the importance of this procedure, specific genes carefully regulate each phase of mitosis. Health issues like cancer may develop when mitosis is improperly controlled.
How many phases of mitosis are there?Prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are these stages.
What function does mitosis serve?Mitosis' purpose is to divide the genome so that the two daughter cells inherit an identical and equal number of chromosomes.
Where in the cell cycle does mitosis occur?The mitotic phase, which consists of mitosis and cytokinesis and produces two daughter cells, begins after interphase. Despite the fact that the two processes frequently overlap, mitosis occurs before cytokinesis.
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