The required input to meet the demand in the three-step manufacturing process, considering a demand of 1,500 units, is 13,072 units.
In the given system, with scrap rates of 85% for Process 1, 15% for Process 2, and 10% for Process 3, we can calculate the input required for each process. The input for Process 1 is 10,000 units, for Process 2 it is 11,765 units, and for Process 3 it is 13,072 units. Thus, a total input of 13,072 units is required to fulfill the demand of 1,500 units. To determine the total scrap cost, we multiply the input quantity by the corresponding scrap cost for each process and sum them up. The total scrap cost for the given system is $583,275, with $8 for Process 1, $15 for Process 2, and $25 for Process 3. However, if the scrap rates are reversed for Process 1 and Process 3, the input requirements change. The input for Process 1 becomes 1,765 units, for Process 2 it is 2,075 units, and for Process 3 (with reversed scrap rate) it is 13,833 units. The total input required in this reversed scrap rate system is 13,833 units. The total scrap cost for this system amounts to $403,425, which is lower compared to the given system. In conclusion, the system with the reversed scrap rates would be preferred due to its lower total scrap cost of $403,425. This system minimizes waste and reduces manufacturing expenses, making it a more cost-effective option for the company.
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Some organizations decide to implement teams because of the many benefits that are likely to accrue from doing so. However, "doing teams" may not necessarily work as expected. Why is this so? Discuss situations that may or may not benefit from a team process.
The success of implementing teams depends on factors such as clear communication, effective leadership, a supportive organizational culture, and the alignment of team processes with the specific needs and goals of the organization.
While implementing teams in organizations can bring various benefits, it is important to recognize that "doing teams" may not always work as expected. Several factors contribute to this:
1. Lack of clarity: Without clear goals, roles, and responsibilities, teams may struggle to achieve desired outcomes. Lack of proper direction and guidance can lead to confusion and inefficiency.
2. Poor communication: Effective communication is crucial for successful teamwork. If there are communication gaps or issues within the team, it can hinder collaboration, coordination, and decision-making.
3. Conflict and interpersonal issues: Team dynamics can be complex, and conflicts or interpersonal issues among team members can arise. Unresolved conflicts or a lack of trust can create tension and negatively impact team performance.
4. Lack of diverse skills and perspectives: While teams can benefit from diverse skills and perspectives, a team composed of individuals with similar backgrounds or expertise may face limitations in problem-solving and innovation.
5. Ineffective leadership: Strong leadership is essential to guide and support teams. Without competent leaders who can provide direction, motivate team members, and address challenges, teams may struggle to function effectively.
Situations that may benefit from a team process:
- Complex projects requiring diverse expertise: Teams can bring together individuals with different skills and knowledge to tackle complex problems and generate innovative solutions.
- Tasks that require collaboration and coordination: Teamwork is beneficial when tasks require close coordination, such as in project management or cross-functional initiatives.
- Creativity and idea generation: Teams can foster creativity and brainstorming sessions, encouraging the exploration of different perspectives and generating a wide range of ideas.
Situations that may not benefit from a team process:
- Time-sensitive decisions: In situations where quick decision-making is crucial, a team process involving lengthy discussions and consensus-building may hinder timely action.
- Simple and routine tasks: For tasks that are straightforward and routine, individual work may be more efficient and productive.
- Lack of clear goals or direction: If the objectives and expectations are not clearly defined, teams may struggle to function effectively and achieve desired outcomes.
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A coupon bond that pays interest annually has a par value of $1,000, matures in 5 years, and has a yield to maturity (market rate) of 10%. The intrinsic value of the bond today will be if the coupon rate is 7%.
A) $712.99
B) $620.92
C) $1,123.01
D) $886.28
E) $1,000.00
D) $886.28 the of the bond today is calculated to be $886.28, which is lower than its par value of $1,000.00.
The intrinsic value of a bond is the present value of its future cash flows, discounted at the market rate (yield to maturity). In this case, the coupon rate is 7%, lower than the market rate of 10%. As a result, the bond will trade at a discount. By applying the present value formula to the bond's cash flows, the intrinsic value of the bond today is calculated to be $886.28, which is lower than its par value of $1,000.00.
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Malia bought a home for $280,000, putting down $50,000. The rate of interest is 6% for 25 years. Calculate the total cost of interest for Malia.
Total cost of interest for Malia :
Malia will pay a total of $420,000 in interest over the course of her 25-year mortgage.
The formula for calculating the total interest paid on a mortgage is:
interest = principal * interest_rate * years
In this case, the principal amount is $280,000, the interest rate is 6%, and the number of years is 25. So, the total interest paid is:
interest = 280,000 * 0.06 * 25 = $420,000
This means that Malia will pay more than half of the total cost of her home in interest. This is a common occurrence with long-term mortgages, as the interest payments are front-loaded.
However, it is important to note that the interest payments will decrease over time as the principal amount is paid down.
In addition to the interest payments, Malia will also have to pay property taxes and homeowners insurance on her home. These costs will vary depending on the location of the home and the type of insurance coverage that she chooses.
However, they are typically much lower than the interest payments.
Overall, Malia can expect to pay a significant amount of money in interest over the course of her 25-year mortgage.
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What is the opportunity cost of increasing baked beans
production from 20 to 50 tins? Would this economy want to move to
this production combination? Explain it pls.
Opportunity cost of increasing baked beans production from 20-50 tins depends on comparative advantage and resource allocation trade-offs.
The opportunity cost of increasing baked beans production from 20 to 50 tins refers to the value of the alternative goods or services that could have been produced with the same resources. It represents the trade-off or sacrifice made when choosing to produce more baked beans.
To determine the opportunity cost, we need to consider the resources used in baked beans production and their potential alternative uses.
For example, if the resources used to produce the additional 30 tins of baked beans could have been used to produce 10 tins of another product, the opportunity cost would be the forgone production of those 10 tins.
Whether the economy wants to move to this production combination depends on the comparative advantage and trade-offs involved.
If the opportunity cost of producing the additional 30 tins of baked beans is relatively low compared to the benefits gained from the increased production, it might be desirable to move to this production combination.
However, if the opportunity cost is high and the alternative use of resources provides greater benefits, the economy may prefer allocating resources to other goods or services.
It ultimately depends on the specific circumstances, such as consumer demand, resource availability, and the overall goals of the economy.
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The organization culture and style influence how an organization conducts its projects. This statement is:
a. True, but only when the project teams are located in different countries
b. False, because the projects are fully conducted by newly created teams
c. False
d. True
Who is responsible for identifying stakeholders?
a. The project management team
b. Project sponsor
c. Project Initiator
d. Performing organization manager
You are managing a large project with 20 key internal stakeholders, eight contractors, and six team leaders. You must devote attention to Not yet effective integrated change control. This means you are concerned primarily with: answered Marked out of
a. Integrating deliverables from different functional specialties on the project 2.00
b. Maintaining baseline integrity, integrating product and project scope and coordinating change across knowledge areas Flag question
c. Establishing a change control board that oversees the overall project changes
d. Reviewing, approving and managing changes
The correct answers are:
The statement "The organization culture and style influence how an organization conducts its projects" is true. The culture and style of an organization can significantly impact how projects are approached, managed, and executed. It affects communication, decision-making processes, collaboration, and overall project success.
The responsible party for identifying stakeholders is the project management team. While the project sponsor and project initiator may have input and involvement in stakeholder identification, it is ultimately the responsibility of the project management team to identify and engage relevant stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle.
If you are primarily concerned with "Not yet effective integrated change control," the answer is b. Maintaining baseline integrity, integrating product and project scope, and coordinating change across knowledge areas. This involves ensuring that the project's scope, deliverables, and changes are properly managed, integrated, and coordinated across different functional areas and stakeholders to maintain the project's overall integrity and alignment with objectives.
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Cost-effectiveness is a sufficient condition of efficiency.
Select one: True False
Suppose the net benefits are summable and transferrable among individuals. If we can increase the social net benefit from the status quo, a Pareto improvement is also possible.
Select one: True False
The second statement, "If we can increase the social net benefit from the status quo, a Pareto improvement is also possible," is True. A Pareto improvement occurs when at least one person's situation improves without making anyone else worse off.
If the social net benefit can be increased, it implies that there is potential for a Pareto improvement.
The first statement, "Cost-effectiveness is a sufficient condition of efficiency," is False. Cost-effectiveness is a concept that focuses on achieving a specific goal at the lowest cost, but it does not guarantee overall efficiency.
Cost-effectiveness refers to the ability to achieve a specific outcome or goal at the lowest cost possible. While cost-effectiveness is important and can contribute to efficiency, it is not sufficient to determine overall efficiency.
Efficiency involves achieving the optimal allocation of resources to maximize overall welfare, taking into account both costs and benefits.
Regarding the second statement, a Pareto improvement occurs when it is possible to make at least one person better off without making anyone else worse off. If the social net benefit can be increased, it suggests that there is potential to improve the overall well-being of society.
This aligns with the concept of Pareto improvement, as it implies a positive change that benefits at least one individual without negatively affecting others.
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the cyclone golfs resorts is redoing its golf course at a cost of $2744320. it expects to generate cash flows of $1223445, $2007812, and $3147890 over the next three years. if the appropiate discount rate for the firm is 13 percent, what is the NPV of the project?
The npv of the project is -$157,825.92.
the npv of the project can be calculated by discounting the cash flows at the appropriate discount rate. using the given cash flows and discount rate, the npv of the project is $530,814.08.
to calculate the npv (net present value) of the project, we need to discount the expected cash flows by the appropriate discount rate. the formula for calculating npv is:
npv = (cf1 / (1 + r)¹) + (cf2 / (1 + r)²) + (cf3 / (1 + r)³) - initial investmen
cf1 represents the cash flow in year 1, cf2 represents the cash flow in year 2, cf3 represents the cash flow in year 3, and r is the discount rate.
given:
initial investment (cost of redoing the golf course) = $2,744,320
cash flow in year 1 = $1,223,445
cash flow in year 2 = $2,007,812
cash flow in year 3 = $3,147,890
discount rate (r) = 13%
plugging in the values into the npv formula:
npv = ($1,223,445 / (1 + 0.13)¹) + ($2,007,812 / (1 + 0.13)²) + ($3,147,890 / (1 + 0.13)³) - $2,744,320
calculating the discounted cash flows:
npv = $1,080,911.95 + $1,526,839.08 + $2,079,063.05 - $2,744,320
npv = $2,586,494.08 - $2,744,320
npv = -$157,825.92 since the npv is negative, it indicates that the project's expected cash flows are not sufficient to cover the initial investment and provide a return greater than the discount rate. this suggests that the project may not be financially viable and may not be advisable to pursue.
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Poole Products has the following product information available:
Sales price $25 per unit
Variable costs $10 per unit
Fixed costs $36 000
If Poole's tax rate is 40%, how many units need to be sold in order to earn an after-tax target profit of $249000?
a. 30 067
c. 12 360
c. 27 667
d. 31 667
Charlie's Hotdog Stand sells hotdogs for $2.50 each. The variable costs per hotdog are $0.50. Charlie's fixed costs are currently $800 per month. Charlie is considering expanding his business to three hotdog stands which will increase fixed costs per month by $1200. If Charlie does expand his business to three stands, how many hotdogs will need to be sold per month in order to earn a target profit of $5000?
a. 2500
b. 3100
c. 3500
d. 2800
Operating leverage measures:
a. how sensitive profit is to a change in fixed costs.
b. how sensitive profit is to a change in sales volume.
c. how sensitive profit is to a change in sales price per unit.
d. how sensitive profit is to a change in tax rates.
1) units sold is 30,067 option a ; 2) number of hot dogs sold 3500 option b
1)If Poole's tax rate is 40%, the number of units need to be sold in order to earn an after-tax target profit of $249000 can be calculated as follows: Fixed costs = $36,000 , Variable costs per unit = $10, Sales price per unit = $25
The contribution margin per unit will be: Contribution margin per unit = Sales price per unit − Variable cost per unit= $25 − $10= $15
Contribution margin ratio will be: Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin per unit ÷ Sales price per unit= $15 ÷ $25= 0.6
For after-tax target profit, the amount of income before taxes will be:
Income before taxes = After-tax target profit ÷ (1 − Tax rate)= $249,000 ÷ (1 − 0.40)= $415,000
Then the number of units that will need to be sold to earn this income before taxes will be:
Number of units sold = (Fixed costs + Income before taxes) ÷ Contribution margin per unit= ($36,000 + $415,000) ÷ $15= $451,000 ÷ $15= 30,067
The answer is A. 30,067
2) Charlie is considering expanding his business to three hotdog stands which will increase fixed costs per month by $1200.
If Charlie does expand his business to three stands, the number of hotdogs that will need to be sold per month in order to earn a target profit of $5000 can be calculated as follows:
Number of hotdogs sold = (Fixed costs + Target profit) ÷ Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Sales price per unit − Variable cost per unit= $2.50 − $0.50= $2.00
When Charlie expands his business, the fixed costs per month will become $800 + $1,200 = $2,000
Therefore, the contribution margin ratio will be:
Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin per unit ÷ Sales price per unit= $2.00 ÷ $2.50= 0.8
Then, the number of hotdogs that will need to be sold will be: Number of hotdogs sold = ($2,000 + $5,000) ÷ $2.00= $7,000 ÷ $2.00= 3,500
Thus, the answer is option c. 3500.
3) Operating leverage measures how sensitive profit is to a change in sales volume.
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Choose a sector and discuss the techniques for improving the
creative process.
Improving the creative process in the advertising and marketing sector requires a combination of techniques that foster collaboration, research, innovation, and skill development.
The advertising and marketing sector is a prime example where the creative process plays a crucial role. Improving the creative process in this sector requires implementing various techniques to enhance innovation, generate fresh ideas, and deliver compelling campaigns. Here are some techniques for improving the creative process in the advertising and marketing sector:
Brainstorming: Brainstorming sessions bring together a diverse group of individuals to generate ideas collaboratively. Encouraging free-flowing and non-judgmental discussions allows for the exploration of multiple perspectives and sparks creative thinking. Techniques such as mind mapping, random word association, and role-playing can be incorporated to stimulate new ideas.
Cross-functional collaboration: Collaborating with professionals from different disciplines within the advertising and marketing sector, such as copywriters, designers, strategists, and data analysts, can lead to the convergence of diverse skills and perspectives. This interdisciplinary approach promotes cross-pollination of ideas and fosters innovative solutions.
Research and insights: Thorough research and gaining deep insights into the target audience, market trends, and competitors are vital for the creative process. Utilizing market research, consumer surveys, focus groups, and data analytics helps to understand the target audience's preferences, needs, and behaviors. This knowledge provides a solid foundation for crafting impactful creative strategies.
Design thinking: Applying design thinking principles, which involve empathy, ideation, prototyping, and testing, can enhance the creative process. By empathizing with the audience, designers can identify pain points and unmet needs, leading to innovative solutions. Rapid prototyping and iterative testing enable designers to refine their ideas based on feedback and improve the overall creative output.
Continuous learning and skill development: Encouraging a culture of continuous learning and skill development is essential for nurturing creativity. Providing employees with opportunities for training, attending workshops, and staying updated with industry trends enables them to expand their knowledge base and acquire new techniques. This enhances their ability to generate fresh ideas and execute creative campaigns effectively.
Encouraging a supportive and inclusive environment: Creating a supportive and inclusive work environment fosters creativity. Encouraging open communication, valuing diverse perspectives, and promoting psychological safety empowers individuals to express their ideas freely. This encourages risk-taking, innovation, and collaboration among team members.
Improving the creative process in the advertising and marketing sector requires a combination of techniques that foster collaboration, research, innovation, and skill development. By implementing brainstorming, cross-functional collaboration, research and insights, design thinking, continuous learning, and fostering a supportive environment, organizations can enhance their creative output, deliver compelling campaigns, and stay ahead in a highly competitive industry. Embracing these techniques not only stimulates innovation but also cultivates a culture of creativity that drives success in the advertising and marketing sector.
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List two main duties and roles of a finance manager
As a finance manager, what are two main duties and roles that one must fulfill? A finance manager is an expert in the management of finance.
The duties and roles of a finance manager can vary depending on the organization they work for, but the following are two main duties and roles of a finance manager:1. Responsible for financial operationsA finance manager is responsible for maintaining the financial operations of a business. They are in charge of ensuring that the company has sufficient cash flow to meet its financial obligations. This may entail developing and overseeing budget preparation, forecasting, and monitoring financial performance.2. Manage and mitigate financial riskA finance manager is responsible for identifying and mitigating financial risks in order to protect the company's financial assets.
This may involve assessing investment opportunities, managing the risk of financial investments, and developing risk management strategies to safeguard the company's financial stability. They must also ensure that the company complies with legal and regulatory requirements, such as tax laws, financial regulations, and reporting requirements.
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Accounting for revenues and other inflows. Prepare journal entries in the general fund for the following 2018 transactions that represent inflows of financial resources to Tyler City:
1. To pay the wages of part-time city maintenance employees, the Cemetery Expendable Trust Fund transfers $45,000 to the general fund.
2. A resident donates land worth $75,000 for a park.
3. The city is notified by the state that it will receive $30,000 in road assistance grants this year.
4. A fire truck with an original cost of $36,000 is sold for $9,000.
5. Sales of license stickers for park use total $5,000. The fees cover this year and next year. Security staff are paid from these fees to check for cars in the park without stickers.
The following journal entries represent the inflows of financial resources to Tyler City's general fund in 2018:
Debit: Cash - Cemetery Expendable Trust Fund $45,000
Credit: Transfer In - Cemetery Expendable Trust Fund $45,000
Debit: Land $75,000
Credit: Donation Revenue $75,000
Debit: Cash - State $30,000
Credit: Grant Revenue $30,000
Debit: Cash $9,000
Credit: Gain on Sale of Fire Truck $27,000
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation - Fire Truck $36,000
Debit: Cash - Park License Stickers $5,000
Credit: Deferred Revenue - Park License Stickers $5,000
The transfer of $45,000 from the Cemetery Expendable Trust Fund to the general fund is recorded as an increase in cash and a corresponding increase in transfer in revenue. This represents the payment of wages for part-time city maintenance employees.
When a resident donates land worth $75,000 for a park, the general fund recognizes land as an asset and records a donation revenue of $75,000.
Upon notification from the state about receiving $30,000 in road assistance grants, the general fund records an increase in cash and grant revenue.
The sale of a fire truck for $9,000 results in a cash inflow. The difference between the original cost of $36,000 and the sale price of $9,000 represents a gain on the sale, which is recorded as revenue. Additionally, the accumulated depreciation on the fire truck is reduced.
The sales of license stickers for park use totaling $5,000 are recorded as cash inflow.
Since the fees cover this year and the next year, $5,000 is recorded as deferred revenue, indicating that the revenue will be recognized in future periods as the park use occurs. These fees are used to pay security staff for park enforcement activities.
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How may the organization incorporate Zero-Based Budgeting?
Minimum 150 words.
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) improves cost control, resource allocation, and accountability by starting budgets from scratch and justifying all expenses.
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) is an approach to budgeting that requires organizations to justify and allocate resources based on the actual needs and objectives of each budget period, rather than relying on previous budget allocations. Incorporating ZBB into an organization's budgeting process can bring several benefits.
Firstly, ZBB promotes cost control and efficiency by eliminating unnecessary expenses and identifying cost-saving opportunities. By starting from a "zero base" and scrutinizing every budget item, organizations can prioritize essential activities and eliminate redundant or low-value expenditures. This can result in significant savings and improved financial performance.
Secondly, ZBB enhances resource allocation by aligning budgets with strategic objectives. It requires managers to justify and prioritize each expenditure, ensuring that resources are allocated to activities that contribute most to the organization's goals. This process encourages a more strategic and disciplined approach to budgeting, fostering better decision-making and resource utilization.
Furthermore, ZBB promotes accountability and transparency within the organization. By requiring detailed justifications for each budget item, it enhances visibility and scrutiny of expenditures. This can foster a culture of responsibility and ownership among managers, leading to more efficient resource management and better financial control.
Implementing ZBB requires a structured approach. The organization needs to establish clear budgeting guidelines, develop detailed budget templates, and provide training to budget owners on the principles and techniques of ZBB. Collaboration between departments and effective communication throughout the budgeting process are also crucial for successful implementation.
In conclusion, incorporating ZBB can help organizations achieve cost control, resource allocation alignment, and improved accountability. By adopting this approach, organizations can optimize their budgeting process, make informed decisions, and drive financial sustainability and success.
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Cost is 70000 for some gym equipment, depreciates using a 3 year MACRS, use a table to show the depreciation value by year as well as the book value over its lifetime. Please do by hand, thank you for the hw help!
Sure! MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System) is a method of depreciation commonly used for tax purposes in the United States. It allows businesses to recover the costs of certain assets over a specified period of time.
The MACRS system assigns a specific depreciation rate for each year of the asset's recovery period. For gym equipment with a cost of $70,000 and a 3-year MACRS recovery period, we can use the following table to calculate the depreciation value by year as well as the book value:
Year | Depreciation Rate | Depreciation Value | Book Value
-----|------------------|-------------------|-----------
1 | 33.33% | $23,331 | $46,669
2 | 44.45% | $31,113 | $15,556
3 | 14.81% | $10,368 | $5,188
4 | 7.41% | $5,187 | $0
To calculate the depreciation value for each year, we multiply the depreciation rate by the initial cost of the equipment. The book value is calculated by subtracting the cumulative depreciation value from the initial cost.
Let's go through each year:
Year 1:
Depreciation Rate = 33.33% of $70,000 = $23,331
Book Value = $70,000 - $23,331 = $46,669
Year 2:
Depreciation Rate = 44.45% of ($70,000 - $23,331) = $31,113
Book Value = ($70,000 - $23,331) - $31,113 = $15,556 Year 3:
Depreciation Rate = 14.81% of ($70,000 - $23,331 - $31,113) = $10,368
Book Value = ($70,000 - $23,331 - $31,113) - $10,368 = $5,188
Year 4 (no depreciation since the recovery period is complete):
Depreciation Rate = 7.41% of ($70,000 - $23,331 - $31,113 - $10,368) = $5,187
Book Value = ($70,000 - $23,331 - $31,113 - $10,368) - $5,187 = $0 Please note that the depreciation rates used in the table above are approximate. You may refer to the official MACRS depreciation tables or consult a tax professional for precise calculations based on the asset class and the year of acquisition.
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Akshay and Della has left their existing corporate job and are
planning to start an advertising company which form of ownership is
best for this business (advertising company). Kindly justify.
it is crucial for them to consult with legal and financial professionals to fully understand the implications and determine the most appropriate ownership structure based on their specific goals and circumstances.
When considering the best form of ownership for an advertising company, several factors need to be taken into account, including the nature of the business, the desired level of control, liability, and the potential for growth. The two primary forms of ownership are sole proprietorship and partnership. Each has its own advantages and considerations:
Sole Proprietorship: In this form of ownership, the business is owned and operated by a single individual, in this case, either Akshay or Della. Some considerations for sole proprietorship in an advertising company are:
Control: Akshay or Della would have full control over decision-making and operations.
Simplicity: Setting up a sole proprietorship is relatively easy and involves fewer legal formalities.
Liability: The owner would have unlimited personal liability for the company's debts and obligations.
Taxes: Income from the business is treated as personal income and is subject to individual tax rates.
Partnership: If both Akshay and Della want to jointly own and operate the advertising company, a partnership structure may be more suitable. Key considerations for partnership are:
Shared Control: Both Akshay and Della would have equal decision-making power and responsibility.
Complementary Skills: Combining their skills and expertise can enhance the company's capabilities.
Liability: Partners share the business's profits, losses, and liabilities, and are jointly and severally liable.
Taxation: Partners report their share of profits and losses on their individual tax returns.
In this case, a partnership might be the preferred form of ownership for the advertising company. Akshay and Della can leverage their individual strengths and expertise, share the responsibilities and decision-making, and potentially benefit from increased resources and shared liability.
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According to Thamhain and Wilemon’s theory (1977), project managers can influence the project teams in ways that either lead to the success or failure of the projects. Evaluate this theory using the concepts of ‘intrinsic motivation’ and ‘extrinsic motivation. explain how ‘expert power’ is applicable to the theory.
Intrinsic motivation is an internal desire to perform a task well, with the intention of feeling good about oneself. In contrast, extrinsic motivation is driven by external incentives, such as monetary rewards or promotions. According to the theory, project managers have the power to influence the motivation level of the project team members, which can either lead to project success or failure.
The theory suggests that project managers must be aware of both types of motivation to create a positive work environment that promotes creativity and encourages a sense of responsibility for project outcomes. When project team members are motivated intrinsically, they are more likely to work harder and perform better on the project. In comparison, when they are motivated extrinsically, they may lose interest in the project if they feel that the rewards are insufficient.
Expert power is applicable to the theory because project managers who are experts in their field can provide a sense of security and guidance to the project team members. When the project team members have trust in the project manager's expertise, they are more likely to work harder and produce better results.
In conclusion, according to Thamhain and Wilemon's theory (1977), project managers can influence project teams in ways that either lead to the success or failure of the projects. The theory can be evaluated using the concepts of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Expert power is relevant to the theory as well. Project managers who are experts in their field can provide a sense of security and guidance to the project team members.
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South Africa is faced three "evils" as some people and organizations refer to the systemic socio-economic challenges of poverty, inequality, and unemployment. South Africa is one of the most unequal societies in the world with a Gini coefficient of 0.63. The Gini coefficient is a statistical measure of economic inequality in a population. The coefficient measures the dispersion of income or distribution of wealth among the members of a population. The July 2021 uprising is a symptom of this growing inequality. Technological innovation has played a significant role in the economic transformation of the East Asian economies (Kim and Nelson 2000) giving rise to the phenomenon of Asian Tigers which have seen countries such as South Korea, China, Japan, and Taiwan among other East Asian countries benefiting from technological innovation and radically transforming the socio-economic landscapes of their countries. Discuss the role of management of technological innovation (MTI) from a corporate, and national perspective and what South Africa should be focusing on in the context of MTI from a corporate and national perspective.
In South Africa, the systemic challenges of poverty, inequality, and unemployment highlight the need for effective management of technological innovation both at the corporate and national levels. This discussion will address the role of MTI in addressing these challenges and suggest areas of focus for South Africa in the context of MTI.
Technological innovation has the potential to drive economic transformation and address socio-economic challenges. From a corporate perspective, effective MTI can enhance productivity, competitiveness, and job creation.
Companies in South Africa should prioritize investing in research and development, fostering a culture of innovation, and leveraging technology to improve efficiency and expand market reach.
On a national level, South Africa should focus on developing a supportive ecosystem for MTI. This includes investing in education and skills development to create a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation.
Collaboration between industry, academia, and government is crucial to create an enabling environment for technological innovation. Policies and incentives should be implemented to attract foreign direct investment in technology sectors and promote entrepreneurship and start-up culture.
Additionally, addressing inequality and promoting inclusive growth should be a key consideration in the context of MTI. This can involve initiatives to bridge the digital divide, provide access to technology and digital skills training for marginalized communities, and support inclusive innovation that addresses the needs of the most vulnerable populations.
Overall, effective management of technological innovation can play a significant role in addressing the systemic challenges faced by South Africa.
By prioritizing MTI at both the corporate and national levels, South Africa can foster economic growth, reduce inequality, and create sustainable employment opportunities.
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Susan and Stan Britton are a married couple who file a joint income tax return, where the tax rates are based on the tax table \( 3.5 \). Assume that their taxable income this year was \( \$ 390,000 \
The amount of income tax for a married couple who file a joint tax return, based on the given taxable income of $390,000, using the tax table at a tax rate of 3.5% is $13,435.
What is an income tax?Income tax refers to the tax levied on the income of individuals or businesses by the government, both federal and state. It is computed by taking into account the income, standard deductions, and tax credits of the individual. There are a variety of rates that apply to various types of income and filing statuses when it comes to income taxes.
Therefore, the tax tables provide the information necessary for calculating the tax rate that corresponds to the taxpayer's filing status and income range.Using the tax table, to determine the tax due on the taxable income of $390,000 at a rate of 3.5%:First, we need to determine the income range that corresponds to the taxable income of $390,000 in the tax table.
Since the taxable income of $390,000 is greater than the $168,400 maximum amount of the 24% tax bracket, the couple is in the 32% tax bracket.Using the tax table for married filing jointly returns for the taxable income range of $321,450 to $408,200, the income tax is calculated as follows:Taxable income: $390,000Tax rate: 32%Tax amount: $13,435
Therefore, the amount of income tax for a married couple who file a joint tax return, based on the given taxable income of $390,000, using the tax table at a tax rate of 3.5% is $13,435.
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ON ETHICS: As CEO of a firm from either China or India engaging in a high-profile acquisition overseas, shareholders at home are criticizing you of "squandering" their money, and target firm management and unions—as well as host country government and the media—are resisting. Should you proceed with the acquisition or consider abandoning the deal? If you are considering abandoning the deal, under what conditions would you abandon it?
CEO in China or India faces shareholder criticism, deciding on acquisition decision based on financial viability, strategic alignment, stakeholder concerns, and ethical considerations.
The decision to proceed with the acquisition or abandon the deal depends on several factors.
Firstly, the financial viability of the acquisition should be carefully evaluated. If the deal is deemed financially risky and there are concerns about potential negative impacts on shareholders' investments, it may be necessary to reconsider proceeding with the acquisition.
Secondly, alignment with the firm's strategic objectives should be assessed. If the acquisition no longer aligns with the long-term goals and vision of the firm, abandoning the deal could be a reasonable decision.
Furthermore, the concerns raised by various stakeholders, including target firm management, unions, host country government, and the media, should be taken into account.
If the resistance and criticism are substantial and pose significant reputational or operational risks, it may be wise to abandon the deal to maintain positive relationships and mitigate potential damage to the firm's image.
Additionally, ethical considerations play a crucial role. If the acquisition is perceived as unethical or involves questionable practices that could harm stakeholders or violate legal and regulatory frameworks, abandoning the deal would be ethically responsible.
In summary, the decision to proceed with the acquisition or abandon the deal should be based on a thorough evaluation of financial viability, strategic alignment, stakeholder concerns, and ethical considerations.
If the acquisition poses substantial financial risks, goes against the firm's strategic goals, or if the resistance and criticism undermine the potential benefits of the deal, abandoning the acquisition may be a reasonable choice.
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Assume that Smart Technologies Corp. (a U.S company) will have to pay £80 million in 90 days for its purchase order. It has collected the following information:
- 90-day U.S. interest rate =7% per annum [Note: this is the annualized rate]
- 90 -day British interest rate =8% per annum
- 90-day forward rate of British pound =$1.24 - Spot rate of British pound =$1.19
- The 90-day call option on £80 million with a strike price of $1.20/£ has a premium of $0.011 per pound.
- The 90 -day put option on £80 million with a strike price of $1.31/£ has a premium of $0.021 per pound.
Smart Technologies is concerned with the volatile exchange rate between the dollar and the pound and would like to hedge exchange rate exposure.
a) Compute the guaranteed dollar cost for the order if Smart Technologies decides to hedge using a forward contract.
b) If Smart Technologies decides to hedge using money market instruments (MMH), what action does Smart Technologies need to take? (List all the steps needed). What would be the guaranteed dollar cost for the order in this case?
c) If Smart Technologies decides to hedge using options on pounds, what option (call or put) it needs to use? What would be the 'expected' dollar cost? Assume that Smart Technologies regards the current forward exchange rate as an unbiased predictor of the future spot exchange rate.
d) Recommend a hedge method for Smart Technologies and explain using the numbers you got from the previous questions (a) to (c).
e) Other things being equal, at what forward rate would Smart Technologies be indifferent between the forward and money market hedge?
(a). The guaranteed dollar cost for the order if Smart Technologies decides to hedge using a forward contract is $99.2 million.
(b). The guaranteed dollar cost for the order in this case is $81.76 million.
(c). The 'expected' dollar cost is $92.8 million.
(d). The forward contract is recommending a hedge method for Smart Technologies and explain using the numbers you got from the previous questions (a) to (c).
(e). At $1.24 forward rate would Smart Technologies be indifferent between the forward and money market hedge.
(a). Compute the guaranteed dollar cost for the order if Smart Technologies decides to hedge using a forward contract.
As per data,
Amount to be paid by Smart Technologies Corp. (a U.S company) = £80 million, Spot rate of British pound = $1.19 90, -day forward rate of British pound = $1.24, Guaranteed dollar cost for the order if Smart Technologies decides to hedge using a forward contract will be as follows:
Guaranteed dollar cost for the order = £80 million × $1.24/£
= $99.2 million.
(b). If Smart Technologies decides to hedge using money market instruments (MMH),
what action does Smart Technologies need to take? (List all the steps needed).
What would be the guaranteed dollar cost for the order in this case?Smart Technologies can invest in the UK at the UK interest rate and pay the bill when it comes due.
Smart Technologies will receive the following amount in 90 days:
$80 million × (1 + 0.08 × (90/360)) = $81.76 million
Guaranteed dollar cost for the order in this case will be $81.76 million.
(c). If Smart Technologies decides to hedge using options on pounds, what option (call or put) it needs to use?
What would be the 'expected' dollar cost?
Assume that Smart Technologies regards the current forward exchange rate as an unbiased predictor of the future spot exchange rate.
As per data,
Call option on £80 million with a strike price of $1.20/£ has a premium of $0.011 per pound.
Put option on £80 million with a strike price of $1.31/£ has a premium of $0.021 per pound, Smart Technologies will buy a call option on pounds with a strike price of $1.24/£.Expected dollar cost can be calculated using the following formula:
Expected dollar cost = $80 million × (1.24 + 0.011 − 1.19)
= $92.8 million.
(d). Recommend a hedge method for Smart Technologies and explain using the numbers you got from the previous questions (a) to (c).
The best hedge method for Smart Technologies is hedging using the forward contract because it has the lowest guaranteed dollar cost of $99.2 million compared to the other two methods.
(e). Other things being equal, at what forward rate would Smart Technologies be indifferent between the forward and money market hedge?
The guaranteed dollar cost of hedging using the forward contract and money market hedge is the same.
$99.2 million = $80 million × F
Where F is the unknown forward rate.
F = $99.2 million/$80 million
= 1.24
Considering this, Smart Technologies would be indifferent between the forward and money market hedge at a forward rate of $1.24.
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Alexander Corp. has the following balances as of December 31, 2017:
Total Assets 108,000
Total Liabilities 71,000
Total Equity 37,000
Calculate the debt to equity ratio. (Round your answer to two decimal points.)
a) 2.92
b) 1.4
c)0.52
d) 1.92
The debt to equity ratio for Alexander Corp. will be equals to 1.92.
The debt to equity ratio is a financial metric that indicates the proportion of a company's financing that is provided by debt compared to equity. It is calculated by dividing the total liabilities by the total equity.
In this case, the total liabilities for Alexander Corp. are $71,000 and the total equity is $37,000. To find the debt to equity ratio, we divide the total liabilities by the total equity:
Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Equity
Debt to Equity Ratio = $71,000 / $37,000
Debt to Equity Ratio ≈ 1.92
Therefore, the debt to equity ratio for Alexander Corp. is approximately 1.92. This means that the company has $1.92 of debt for every $1 of equity. A higher debt to equity ratio indicates that the company relies more on debt financing, while a lower ratio indicates a higher proportion of equity financing.
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QUESTION 4 ANSWER ALL PARTS OF THIS QUESTION Egac is a large company operating in the manufacturing industry with a fiscal year ending on 31 December. On 1 January 2021, Egac acquired a new machine that incorporated the latest available technology and was intended to make Egac’s production processes more efficient. Egac acquired the machine for a price of £320,000 and paid transportation costs of £12,500 as well as customs duties of £7,400; the customs duties could later be claimed back. For the subsequent measurement of the machine, Egac chose the cost model and the straight-line depreciation method. At initial recognition, Egac expected to be able to use the machine for ten years and to sell it after these ten years for a price of £52,500. In subsequent years, Egac revises its expectations upwards due to lower-than-expected wear of the machine. For the fiscal year ending on 31 December 2022, it expects to be able to use the machine for in total eleven years but still to sell it at a price of £52,500 after these eleven years. For the fiscal year ending on 31 December 2023, Egac expects to be able to use the machine for in total eleven years but to sell it at a price of £99,300 after these eleven years. REQUIRED: a) Explain the accounting treatment according to IAS 16 of each element listed above and prepare the journal entries for the initial recognition and subsequent measurement of the machine in Egac’s financial statements for fiscal years 2021, 2022 and 2023. (14 marks) b) At the end of fiscal year 2024, a new technology offering the same benefits in the form of efficiency gains is introduced into the market at a substantially lower price than the technology on which Egac relies. Egac’s chief accountant concludes that this technology results in the need to impair the machine. For the impairment test, the chief accountant works with a current market price of the machine, including an adjustment due to wear, of £72,000, and costs to remove the machine of £1,950; with a value in use of £164,000; and with a carrying amount of the machine on 31 December 2024 of £239,300. Conduct the impairment test for the machine on 31 December 2024. Calculate all relevant amounts and, if applicable, prepare the relevant journal entries. Explain each of your steps. (4 marks) c) Accounting earnings management can be implicit. Briefly explain what implicit earnings management is and identify at least two examples from your above answers that Egac could use to manage earnings implicitly. For each example, explain how Egac could manage earnings upwards in a given year and how earnings in subsequent years would be affected. (7 marks) TOTAL 25 MARKS
(a) The accounting treatment involves initial recognition of the machine's cost and subsequent depreciation. Journal entries are made for each fiscal year. (b) The impairment test compares the machine's carrying amount with its value in use and net selling price. An impairment loss is recorded if necessary.(c) Implicit earnings management includes extending the machine's useful life and delaying the recognition of impairment.
(a) Accounting Treatment and Journal Entries:
Fiscal Year 2021:
1. Initial Recognition:
- Debit: Machine (PPE) £320,000
- Credit: Cash £320,000 (cost of the machine)
- Credit: Transportation Costs £12,500 (additional cost)
- Credit: Customs Duties £7,400 (additional cost)
Fiscal Year 2022:
2. Subsequent Measurement:
- Debit: Depreciation Expense £32,000 (£320,000 / 10 years)
- Credit: Accumulated Depreciation £32,000
Fiscal Year 2023:
2. Subsequent Measurement:
- Debit: Depreciation Expense £32,000 (£320,000 / 10 years)
- Credit: Accumulated Depreciation £32,000
(b) Impairment Test on 31 December 2024:
Carrying Amount = £239,300
Value in Use = £164,000
Net Selling Price = £72,000 (including wear adjustment)
Costs to Remove = £1,950
Step 1: Compare Carrying Amount with Value in Use
If Carrying Amount > Value in Use, impairment exists.
£239,300 > £164,000 (impairment exists)
Step 2: Compare Carrying Amount with Net Selling Price
If Carrying Amount > Net Selling Price - Costs to Remove, impairment exists.
£239,300 > (£72,000 - £1,950) (impairment exists)
Step 3: Determine Impairment Loss
Impairment Loss = Carrying Amount - Recoverable Amount (higher of Value in Use and Net Selling Price - Costs to Remove)
Impairment Loss = £239,300 - £164,000 = £75,300
Journal Entry for Impairment Loss:
- Debit: Impairment Loss £75,300
- Credit: Accumulated Depreciation £75,300
(c) Implicit Earnings Management:
Implicit earnings management refers to manipulating financial statements through subtle actions or decisions that do not directly violate accounting rules. Two examples for Egac are:
1. Extension of Useful Life: Egac could extend the estimated useful life of the machine, resulting in lower annual depreciation expenses. This would increase earnings in the current year but reduce earnings in subsequent years when the machine eventually needs to be replaced.
2. Delayed Recognition of Impairment: Egac could delay recognizing the impairment loss on the machine. By not reflecting the decreased market value in the financial statements, earnings would be artificially inflated in the current year. However, this would lead to a larger impairment loss and reduced earnings in subsequent years when the impairment is eventually recognized.
Both examples involve manipulating accounting estimates and judgments to manipulate earnings in the short term while affecting future periods' earnings negatively.
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a client writes 1 apr 30 call and buys 1 apr 40 call. this is a bull spread. a bear spread. a debit spread. a credit spread. A) I and IV.
B) II and III.
C) I and III.
D) II and IV.
The correct answer to this question is option C) I and III.A bull spread is a trading strategy that seeks to profit from a moderate increase in the price of an underlying asset.
A bull call spread is a specific type of bull spread that involves the purchase of a call option with a lower strike price and the simultaneous sale of a call option with a higher strike price. By selling the higher-strike call, the cost of the lower-strike call is reduced, which lowers the breakeven price of the strategy and increases potential profits. A bear spread is a trading strategy that seeks to profit from a moderate decrease in the price of an underlying asset.
A bear call spread is a specific type of bear spread that involves the sale of a call option with a lower strike price and the simultaneous purchase of a call option with a higher strike price. By purchasing the higher-strike call, the risk of the position is limited, which lowers the potential loss of the strategy and increases the probability of making a profit.A debit spread is a trading strategy that involves the simultaneous purchase and sale of options contracts with different strike prices and expiration dates.
The cost of the options purchased is greater than the premium received from the options sold, which creates a net debit to the trader's account. A credit spread is a trading strategy that involves the simultaneous purchase and sale of options contracts with different strike prices and expiration dates. The premium received from the options sold is greater than the cost of the options purchased, which creates a net credit to the trader's account. Given that the client writes 1 Apr 30 call and buys 1 Apr 40 call, this is a bull spread and a debit spread.
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Suppose you win the Publishers Clearing House Sweepstakes. The money is to be paid in equal, annual installments o $1262 at the end of each year to the next 29 years. If the appropriate discount rate is 4.8%, how much is the sweepstakes worth today?
Enter your answer as a number with 2 places of precision (ie 1.23) Do not include dollar signs or comments.
The present value of the Publishers Clearing House Sweepstakes winnings, which are paid in equal, annual installments of $1262 for the next 29 years, with a discount rate of 4.8%, is approximately $22,004.69.
To calculate the present value of the sweepstakes winnings, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity. The formula is:
PV = C * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value
C = Cash flow per period
r = Discount rate
n = Number of periods
In this case, the cash flow per period (C) is $1262, the discount rate (r) is 4.8%, and the number of periods (n) is 29 years.
Plugging in these values into the formula, we can calculate the present value:
PV = $1262 * [(1 - (1 + 0.048)^(-29)) / 0.048]
PV ≈ $22,004.69
Therefore, the sweepstakes winnings are worth approximately $22,004.69 today, considering the equal, annual installments of $1262 to be received over the next 29 years and a discount rate of 4.8%.
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- What are the advantages and disadvantages to employers of using replacement workers?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages to unions of using replacement workers?
- Would you support legislation that prohibited the use of replacement workers during a legal strike, assuming that the workers do not provide an essential service? Why or why not?
Advantages of using replacement workers for employers: Operational continuity. Disadvantages of using replacement workers for employers: Increased costs and potential damage to employee relations.
Advantages of using replacement workers for unions: Limited or no significant advantages. Disadvantages of using replacement workers for unions: Undermines collective bargaining power and solidarity.
Support for legislation prohibiting replacement workers during legal strikes: Context-dependent and subject to diverse perspectives.
Advantages of using replacement workers for employers: One of the main advantages of using replacement workers, also known as strikebreakers or scabs, is that it allows employers to maintain their operations during a strike. This continuity can be crucial for businesses that rely on consistent production or services to meet customer demands and financial obligations.
Disadvantages of using replacement workers for employers: The use of replacement workers comes with certain disadvantages. One major drawback is the increased costs associated with hiring and training new employees to fill the roles of those on strike. These costs can include recruitment expenses, wages, and expenses related to training and supervision.
Advantages of using replacement workers for unions: It is important to note that there are limited or no significant advantages for unions in using replacement workers. Unions generally view replacement workers as individuals who undermine the collective power and objectives of striking workers. The presence of replacement workers weakens the impact and effectiveness of a strike by potentially allowing the employer to continue operating with minimal disruption.
Disadvantages of using replacement workers for unions: The primary disadvantage of using replacement workers for unions is that it weakens the unity and solidarity among the striking workers. It creates divisions within the workforce and can undermine the strength of collective action. Unions rely on the collective power of their members to negotiate better terms with employers and protect the rights of workers
Support for legislation prohibiting replacement workers during legal strikes: The stance on legislation prohibiting the use of replacement workers during a legal strike varies depending on different factors and perspectives. Supporters of such legislation argue that it helps protect the rights of striking workers and upholds the principles of collective bargaining.
On the other hand, opponents of legislation prohibiting replacement workers argue that it infringes on an employer's right to maintain operations during a strike and undermines the flexibility of the labor market. They contend that employers should have the freedom to continue their business activities and hire replacement workers if they choose to do so.
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what is the porpus of financial statment in organization
explane sources of bank funds?
The purpose of financial statements in an organization is to provide an overview of its financial performance and position, helping stakeholders assess its profitability, liquidity, and solvency.
Sources of bank funds refer to the various channels through which banks acquire money to meet their lending and operational needs. These sources can be categorized into two main types: internal and external.
Internal sources of bank funds include:
1. Deposits: Banks attract funds from individuals and businesses by accepting deposits, such as savings accounts, checking accounts, and certificates of deposit.
2. Retained Earnings: Banks retain a portion of their profits to strengthen their capital base and finance future activities.
External sources of bank funds include:
1. Borrowings: Banks may borrow funds from other financial institutions, central banks, or the money markets to meet short-term liquidity requirements.
2. Capital Market: Banks can raise funds by issuing debt securities, such as bonds or debentures, or equity securities through initial public offerings (IPOs) or private placements.
3. Central Bank Facilities: Banks can access funds through lending facilities provided by the central bank to address liquidity shortages.
Overall, the sources of bank funds ensure that banks have the necessary capital to lend to businesses and individuals while maintaining financial stability.
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At the end of 2020, Blossom Co. has an allowance for doubtful accounts of $34,000. On January 31, 2021, when it has accounts: receivable of $590,000, Blossom Co, learns that its $6,400 receivable from Tokarik Inci is not coflectible. Managernent authorizesa write oft. Record the write off. (Credit account titles are autometically indented when the omount is entered Do not indent manwax If no entry is required. select "No Entry" for the account tities and enter Ofor the amounts) What is the carrying amount of the accounts receivable (1) before the write off, and (2) after the write off? (1) Before the write off $ (2) After the write off $ eTextbook and Media
The carrying amount of the accounts receivable before the write-off is $556,000, and after the write-off, it is $549,600.
To record the write-off of the uncollectible account, the following journal entry needs to be made:
Date: January 31, 2021
Account Title Debit Credit
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $6,400
Accounts Receivable - Tokarik Inc. $6,400
(1) Before the write-off, the carrying amount of the accounts receivable can be calculated by subtracting the allowance for doubtful accounts from the accounts receivable.
Carrying amount before write-off = Accounts Receivable - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Carrying amount before write-off = $590,000 - $34,000
Carrying amount before write-off = $556,000
(2) After the write-off, the accounts receivable balance will decrease by the amount written off.
Carrying amount after write-off = Carrying amount before write-off - Amount written off
Carrying amount after write-off = $556,000 - $6,400
Carrying amount after write-off = $549,600
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Shimmer Co. deposits all receipts intact on the day received and makes all payments by cheque. On July 31, 2020, after all posting was completed, its Cash account showed a $10,917 debit balance. However, Shimmer’s July 31 bank statement showed only $10,070 on deposit in the bank on that day along with the following information.
Outstanding cheques, $2,755.
Included with the July cancelled cheques returned by the bank was a $20 debit memo for bank services.
Cheque #919, returned with the cancelled cheques, was correctly drawn for $679 in payment of the utility bill and was paid by the bank on July 15. However, it had been recorded with a debit to Utilities Expense and a credit to Cash as though it were for $769.
The July 31 cash receipts, $3,672, were placed in the bank’s night depository after banking hours on that date and were unrecorded by the bank at the time the July bank statement was prepared.
Required:
a. Prepare a bank reconciliation for Shimmer Co. at July 31.
Give the journal entries that Shimmer Co. should make as a result of having prepared the bank reconciliation in part (a).
Preparing a bank reconciliation is crucial for Shimmer Co. to ensure the accuracy of its financial records and identify any discrepancies between its Cash account balance and the bank's records. By following the steps outlined above and analyzing the differences, Shimmer Co. can take the necessary actions to rectify any errors, such as correcting recording mistakes and investigating any outstanding items or bank errors. This process helps maintain financial integrity and aids in the detection of potential fraudulent activities. By addressing these issues, Shimmer Co. can ensure the reliability of its financial information and make informed business decisions based on accurate data.
To prepare the bank reconciliation for Shimmer Co. as of July 31, you need to compare the company's Cash account balance to the balance shown on the bank statement and make adjustments for any outstanding items or discrepancies. Here's how you can approach the reconciliation:
Start with the Cash account balance per the company's records:
Beginning balance (May 31, 2020): $10,912 (debit)
Identify the items on the bank statement that need adjustment:
Outstanding checks: $2,755
Calculate the adjusted bank balance:
Bank balance per the statement: $10,070
Add outstanding checks: +$2,755
Adjusted bank balance: $12,825
Identify any additional information that requires adjustment:
Debit memo for bank services: $120
Adjust the company's Cash account balance:
Beginning balance: $10,912 (debit)
Subtract outstanding checks: -$2,755
Add debit memo: +$120
Adjusted Cash account balance: $8,277 (debit)
Compare the adjusted Cash account balance to the adjusted bank balance:
Adjusted Cash account balance: $8,277 (debit)
Adjusted bank balance: $12,825
Analyze the differences and identify possible errors:
The difference between the adjusted Cash account balance and the adjusted bank balance is $4,548 (debit).
Possible reasons for the difference:
a. Errors in recording transactions: There might be errors in recording transactions in the company's books or the bank's records.
b. Deposits in transit: If the July 1 cash receipt of $1,672 was deposited late in the day, it might not have been credited by the bank on the statement date.
c. Bank errors: The bank might have made errors in processing transactions or recording them in the statement.
Actions Shimmer Co. should take:
Investigate and correct any recording errors in the company's books, specifically regarding the incorrect recording of the $670 check payment to Utilities Expense.
Verify with the bank if the July 1 deposit of $1,672 was processed after the statement date and ensure it is reflected in the next bank statement.
Contact the bank to inquire about any possible errors or discrepancies in their processing of transactions.
By preparing the bank reconciliation, Shimmer Co. can identify discrepancies, correct errors, and ensure that its Cash account balance aligns with the bank's records. This process helps to maintain accurate financial records and detect any potential fraudulent activities or mistakes.
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Sequence the following jobs by (a) SPT, (b) DDATE, and (c) SLACK. Calculate mean flow time, mean tardiness, and maximum tardiness. Which sequencing rule would you recommend? Why?
Job Processing Time Due Date
A 5 8
B 3 5
C 9 18
D 6 7
The recommended sequencing rule is (a) SPT (Shortest Processing Time) based on the analysis of mean flow time, mean tardiness, and maximum tardiness.
The sequence based on (a) SPT is B, A, D, C, with mean flow time of 6.25, mean tardiness of 1.5, and maximum tardiness of 2.
The sequence based on (b) DDATE (Due Date) is B, A, D, C, with mean flow time of 6.25, mean tardiness of 1.5, and maximum tardiness of 2.
The sequence based on (c) SLACK is D, B, A, C, with mean flow time of 6.25, mean tardiness of 1.75, and maximum tardiness of 3.
Among the three sequencing rules, SPT provides the lowest mean flow time, mean tardiness, and maximum tardiness. It prioritizes shorter processing times, which helps in minimizing the overall time and delay for completing all jobs. By choosing SPT, the average flow time and tardiness are reduced compared to the other two sequencing rules.
Additionally, the maximum tardiness is also lower, indicating better performance in meeting due dates. Therefore, based on the analysis, the SPT sequencing rule is recommended as it optimizes the flow time, tardiness, and adherence to due dates, ultimately leading to more efficient job scheduling.
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How is a lease liability to be measured at lease inception?
Paragraph 26 of AASB 16 requires that:
At the commencement date, a lessee shall measure the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments shall be discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee shall use the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate. (AASB 16)
The above requirement refers to ‘lease payments’. In this regard, paragraph 27 states:
At the commencement date, the lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following payments for the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term that are not paid at the commencement date:
fixed payments, less any lease incentives receivable;
variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;
amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees;
the exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and
payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. (AASB 16)
The lease liability is measured at lease inception by calculating the present value of lease payments that are not yet paid. payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. (AASB 16)
This includes fixed payments (net of lease incentives), variable lease payments based on an index or rate, amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees, exercise price of purchase options if reasonably certain to be exercised, and penalties for lease termination if the lease term reflects the lessee's option to terminate. The present value of these lease payments is determined by discounting them using either the interest rate implicit in the lease (if determinable) or the lessee's incremental borrowing rate. This ensures that the lease liability reflects the present value of future lease payments.
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if we bought a house in havertown for $200,000, putting down 15% and financing the rest at a 3.8% rate over a 30-year period.
If you bought a house in Havertown for $200,000, with a 15% down payment and financing the rest at a 3.8% interest rate over a 30-year period, your monthly mortgage payment will be approximately $787.02.
To calculate the monthly mortgage payment, we need to determine the loan amount, monthly interest rate, and number of monthly payments.
1. Down Payment: The down payment is 15% of the purchase price, which is $30,000 ($200,000 * 15%).
2. Loan Amount: The loan amount is the remaining amount after the down payment, which is $170,000 ($200,000 - $30,000).
3. Monthly Interest Rate: The annual interest rate of 3.8% needs to be converted to a monthly interest rate. By dividing the annual interest rate by 12, we get a monthly interest rate of approximately 0.003167 (3.8% / 12).
4. Number of Monthly Payments: The mortgage term is 30 years, so the number of monthly payments is 30 multiplied by 12, which equals 360.
5. Monthly Mortgage Payment Calculation: Using the loan amount, monthly interest rate, and number of monthly payments, we can calculate the monthly mortgage payment using the formula:
M = P [ i(1 + i)^n ] / [ (1 + i)^n - 1 ]
Plugging in the values:
M = $170,000 [ 0.003167(1 + 0.003167)^360 ] / [ (1 + 0.003167)^360 - 1 ]
M ≈ $787.02
Therefore, your monthly mortgage payment would be approximately $787.02.
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