carbon 4+ ion protons neutrons electrons

The nuclear reactor in Japan had an accident in 2011 when it was hit by an earthquake. The reactor exploded and released a great deal of damaging radiation. The energy for the explosion comes from option(a) i.e, The nucleus of an atom.

An explosion is a sudden increase in volume accompanied by a very strong energy release that usually results in the production of high temperatures and the release of high-pressure gases. High explosive detonations produce supersonic explosions that move through shock waves.

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, which occurred on March 11, 2011, and was the most violent earthquake ever recorded in Japan, were the direct causes of the nuclear tragedy. The nuclear power facility was damaged by the strong tsunami that the earthquake caused, which had waves that were 13 to 14 meters high.

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The energy diagrams of the synthesis, single replacement, and double replacement reactions are found in the attached image.

Energy profile diagrams are diagrams which illustrate the potential energy changes that occur when reactant molecule combine to form products.

The energy diagrams shows the potential energy of the reaction, the energy of the transition state of the reaction, the activation energy of the reaction, as well as the potential energy of the products.

From energy diagrams, the enthalpy change of a reaction can be determined. Also, it can also be established whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

For exothermic reactions, the enthalpy change is negative since the potential energy of the reactants is greater than the potential energy of the products.

For endothermic reactions, the enthalpy change is positive since the potential energy of the reactants is less than the potential energy of the products.

Based on this therefore, the energy diagrams of the given reactions have been constructed and are found in the attached image.

In conclusion, energy diagrams are used to show energy changes occurring in a reaction.

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The carbon atom(s) of pyruvate is(are) first converted to carbon dioxide by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is the second number of carbon of pyruvate goes to oxidation and convert it to CO2 in Krebs cycle.

Krebs cycle is also known as citric acid cycle it is the conversion of sugar to the direct energy in the form of ATP which further goes to mitochondria as it is the power house of the human cell.

Pyruvate molecule release second number carbon from the chain and undergoes oxidation to form the CO2.

Therefore, second number carbon atom will converts to carbon dioxide.

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Answer:

29 mL

Explanation:

The question needs us to find the volume of the liquid. The equation for volume using density and mass is:

Volume = Mass / Density

We can substitute the given values for density and mass into the equation:

[tex]V=\frac{25\ g}{0.87\ g/ml}[/tex]

[tex]V\approx29\ mL[/tex]

The answer we obtained (29 mL) is rounded to two significant figures. When multiplying or dividing, the amount of significant figures in the final answer is always the least amount of significant figures in one of the values.

Below are the significant figure rules:

Nonzero digits will always be significant (eg. 54 --> 2 significant figures)

Zeroes at the beginning of a number will never be significant (eg. 0.1 --> 1 significant figure)

Zeroes between two nonzero digits will always be significant (eg. 504 --> 3 significant figures)

Zeroes following a number will always be significant if the number contains a decimal point (eg. 40.0 --> 3 significant figures)

a) Mg is oxidized and O2 is reduced

b) Zn is oxidized while Pb(NO3)2 is reduced.

Oxidation is defined as:

Reduction is defined as:

Looking at the first reaction, the Mg atom gains oxygen to become MgO. This means that Mg is oxidized. The oxidizing agent is O2. At the same time, O2 is being reduced and the reducing agent is Mg.

For the second reaction, the oxidation number of Pb is reduced from +2 to 0. Thus, Pb has been reduced by Zn while Zn itself has been oxidized. The reducing agent here is Zn while the oxidizing agent is Pb(NO3)2.

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If an atom were scaled up to the size of a sports arena, the space filled by the positive charges inside the atom (according to the work of ernest Rutherford early in this century) would be very small (perhaps size of the soccer ball).

A classical atoms based on Rutherford's model is doomed to collapse. An atom has highly non-uniform mass distribution in Rutherford's model.The positively charges part of the atom possess most of the mass in Rutherford's model. The positive charge and most of the mass of the atom were densely concentrated in extremely small region . This small region is called nucleus according Rutherford's model.

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At  -230 °C temperature will He atoms have the same rms value as [tex]N_{2}[/tex] molecules at 25°C .

Calculation ,

Given temperature =  25°C  =  25+273  = 298 K

[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3RT/M

[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3R[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex]      ......( i )

[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3R[tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]      ......( ii )

Equalize equation  ( i ) and ( ii )

√3R[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex] = √3R[tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]  

[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex]  = [tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]  

[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = [tex]M_{He}[/tex] × [tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]  =  4 ×298 K/28 = 42.57 K

Temperature in°C = 42.57 - 273  = -230 °C

Therefore , at  -230 °C temperature will He atoms have the same rms value as [tex]N_{2}[/tex] molecules at 25°C .

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[tex]{ \green{ \tt{option}}} \: (b)[/tex]

[tex]{ \orange{ \bold{A \: water \: is \: considered \: as \: compound \: because}}}[/tex]

[tex]{ \red{ \tt{you \: can \: separate \: the \: oxygen \: from \: the \: hydrogen \: via \: chemical \: means}}}[/tex]

In the reaction [tex]HC _{2} H_{3} O_{2} + H_{2}O[/tex]----->[tex]C _{2} H_{3} O_{2}^{-} + H_{3}O^{+}[/tex] , [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] substance is Bronsted -Lowery base.

According to Bronsted-Lowry an acid is a chemical species that is capable of yielding protons and a Bronsted-Lowry base is a chemical species capable of accepting protons .

The Bronsted -Lowery base is any species that can accepts a proton from another molecule . In short Bronsted -Lowery base is proton acceptor ( PA ) and  Bronsted -Lowery acid is proton donor ( PD ).

In  given reaction , water molecule accept proton from acid . Therfore , it is  Bronsted -Lowery base .

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option (A) Adding heat to the product mixture is the right answer.

As the reactant side has more moles than the product side, the equilibrium of the reaction shifts to the left to decrease pressure by increasing volume.

If the temperature drops, equilibrium also moves to the left.

Given equation is co+ 3h2 ⇌ ch4+ h2o

When heat is added to the product mixture in this situation, equilibrium moves to the left.

A condition where opposing forces or actions are in balance is known as equilibrium.

Equilibrium is of two types:

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The atoms become larger, the intermolecular forces between the atoms become stronger and more energy is needed to overcome these forces. Hence, the boiling point of noble gases increases down the group.

What are noble gases?

Trends in Physical Properties of Noble Gases:

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The Celsius temperature of 100. 0 g of chlorine gas is 227.65 C.

Temperature is the measurement of the hotness or coldness of a body or substance or place.

Given, that the pressure is P = 800 mm Hg

Converted into pascals  1.066 X 10^5 Pa

The Volume is V = 55 l

Converted into meter cube 0.055 m^3

The number of moles of Cl2 gas will be calculated

weight / molecular weight  

100.0 / 71 = 1.408

From the ideal gas equation

PV = nRT

T = PV/RT

where R = universal gas constant = 8.314 J /mol K

Putting the values in the equation:

[tex]T = \dfrac{1.006 \times 10^-5 \times 0.055}{1.408 \times 8.314 } = 500.8 K.[/tex]

T is temperature = 500.8 K

The Celsius temperature is 500.8 K = 227.65 C

Thus, the temperature in Celsius is 227.65 C.

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The temperature of the physics book increasing as the chemistry book slides across it is the difference when motion is faster.

Because the molecules have kinetic energy, molecular motion rises with rising temperature and decreases with falling temperature. At absolute zero, molecular motion comes to a complete standstill.

This is defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a body and it increases when there is more friction.

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Answer:

The speed of the particles increases for both books, and the temperature of the physics book increases even more.

Explanation:

edmentum

[tex]NO_{2}[/tex](g) + OH(g) = [tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] (aq) (nitric acid)

Given,

Pressure of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] = 4.5x10-8 atm,

volume = 1.3x109 L, and

temp = 10ºC + 273 = 283K

moles. NO2 =? = n

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT = (4.5x10-8 atm)(1.3x109 L) / (0.0821 Latm/Kmol) (210K)

n = 3.4x10-18 moles NO2 = mols HNO3

mass HNO3 = 3.4 x 10 18 moles x 31 g/mol = 1.05 x 10 16 g.

The inorganic substance nitric acid has the formula HNO3. This mineral acid is extremely corrosive. [5] Even though the chemical is colorless, older samples often have a yellow tinge from breakdown into nitrogen oxides. Nitric acid is 68 percent concentrated in water in the majority of commercially available products. Fumigating nitric acid is the term used to describe a solution that contains more than 86 percent HNO3. Depending on the quantity of nitrogen dioxide, fuming nitric acid is further classified as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86 percent or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95 percent. The main chemical used in nitration, or adding a nitro group usually to an organic molecule, is nitric acid.

How many grams of nitric acid are produced from this reaction if it reduces the partial pressure of no2 from a 1. 3×109l volume of air over a city by 4. 5×10−8atm when the temperature is 10∘c?

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Rapid breathing pays back the oxygen debt by breaking down lactic acid. creatine glycogen oxygen glucose.

Even after exercise must be finished, the "oxygen debt" could be paid when laborious breathing and an elevated heart rate were needed to eliminate lactic acid and replenish depleted energy stores.

The oxygen debt would be the quantity of oxygen needed to replenish the body's oxygen stores and remove the lactic acid. It can take anywhere between a few hours for little activity and several days after just a marathon when an individual has been exercising to start repaying an oxygen debt.

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It take a larger partial pressure difference for oxygen to dissolve in plasma vs carbon dioxide because of its much higher solubility in plasma.

Partial pressure is defined as the pressure of anyone gas that arises in the container with more than one gas and each gas exert pressure. Partial pressure is calculated only for gases which is exist in the same volume.

Oxygen dissolve in plasma because oxygen exerts a certain amount of partial pressure. Plasma cannot carry much oxygen because of its solubility.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that It take a larger partial pressure difference for oxygen to dissolve in plasma vs carbon dioxide because of its much higher solubility in plasma.

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The elements that suits each given property for each of the empty boxes is as described below.

For the first box, the property is that it is a conductor and that it has 2 energy levels. The only possible options here will be Lithium (Li) and Beryllium because they are both conductors and have 2 energy levels. However, among the given elements, only Li is given and as such we will select that.

For the second box, the property is that it is a conductor, it has 3 energy levels and has 2 valence electrons. The only element that falls into this category is Magnesium (Mg).

For the third box, the property is that it is a conductor, it has 3 energy levels and has 1 valence electron. The only element that falls into this category is Sodium (Na).

For the fourth box, the property is that it is not a conductor and has 3 energy levels. The only elements that falls into this category are Silicon(Si), Phosphorus(P), Sulphur(S), Argon(Ar). The only given option is Sulphur(S) and we will pick that.

For the fifth box, the property is that it is not a conductor and has 4 energy levels and 7 valence electrons. The only element that falls into this category is Bromine(Br).

For the sixth box, the property is that it is not a conductor and has 4 energy levels and 5 valence electrons. The only element that falls into this category is Arsenic (As).

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There are 2  peaks are in the proton spin decoupled 13C NMR spectrum of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene .

The 13C NMR spectrum give the peak which is directly about the carbon skeleton not just the proton attached to it  . The number of signals tell us how many different carbons or set of equivalent carbons . The splitting of a signal tells us how many hydrogens  are attached to each carbon.

In 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene molecule , there are 2  peaks are in the proton spin decoupled 13C NMR spectrum three carbon give one signal and another three carbon give another one signal .

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Answer:

liquid

Explanation:

Gas has very low density but spreads fast. Solid has high density.

[tex]\leadsto[/tex] In what type of bonds do atoms join together because their opposite charges attract each other?

O metallic bonds and ionic bonds

O metallic bonds and covalent bonds

● Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds ✓

O ionic bonds and covalent bonds

During bonding, the metals tend to lose electrons while the non-metals gain electrons. These ions with opposite charges will attract one another, creating an ionic bond. Similarly, for hydrogen, it is a weak bond that occurs due to the electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

The type of bond in which atoms join together because their opposite charges attract each other is ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. The correct option is C.

Ionic bonds are those bonds that are formed by the difference in the electrostatic charge between the molecules. Ex; sodium chloride.

Hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydrogen atom and the atom that are more electronegative than hydrogen.

Metals typically lose electrons during bonding, whereas non-metals typically gain electrons. These ions will be drawn to one another by their opposing charges, forming an ionic connection.

Similar to this, the electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other results in a weak link for hydrogen.

Thus, the correct option is C, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds.

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A. 2CO + 2NO → 2CO2 + N2 is a balanced equation as the number of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms are same on both sides.

B. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 is an imbalanced equation as oxygen atoms are not balanced here.

C. H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 is a balanced equation as same number of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are present on both sides.

D. 2Cu + O2 → CuO is an imbalanced equation as both copper and oxygen are imbalanced here.

A chemical equation is a way to depict a chemical reaction using the symbols and formulas of the components involved. For instance, when zinc metal and diluted sulfuric acid combine, zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas are produced.

Balanced and imbalanced chemical equation -

an equation in chemistry where the number of each sort of atom is equal on both sides. Subscripts are a component of the chemical formulae for the reactants and products that show how many atoms of the previous element there are in each.

The chemical equation is referred to as being imbalanced if the number of atoms of each element present in the reactants and the number of atoms of each element present in the product are not equal.

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Answer: A. 2CO + 2NO → 2CO2 + N2 is a balanced equation as the number of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms are same on both sides.

B. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 is an imbalanced equation as oxygen atoms are not balanced here.

C. H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 is a balanced equation as same number of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are present on both sides.

D. 2Cu + O2 → CuO is an imbalanced equation as both copper and oxygen are imbalanced here.

What is Chemical equation ?

A chemical equation is a way to depict a chemical reaction using the symbols and formulas of the components involved. For instance, when zinc metal and diluted sulfuric acid combine, zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas are produced.

Balanced and imbalanced chemical equation -

an equation in chemistry where the number of each sort of atom is equal on both sides. Subscripts are a component of the chemical formulae for the reactants and products that show how many atoms of the previous element there are in each.

The chemical equation is referred to as being imbalanced if the number of atoms of each element present in the reactants and the number of atoms of each element present in the product are not equal.

Explanation:

The pH of a 1. 0 l buffer prepared by adding 0. 100 moles of NaOH to 0. 250 moles of HF. ka for HF = 3. 5 × 10−4 is 3.86.

The Henderson hasselbalch equation can be expressed as

pH = pKa + log [base]/ [acid]

Firstly we will calculate the value of pKa

pKa = -logKa

Given,

Ka = 3. 5 × 10−4)

pKa = -log(3. 5 × 10−4)

pKa = 3.46

Now, we will calculate the value of log [base]/ [acid]

Given,

[base] = 0.10m

[acid] = 0.25m

log [base]/ [acid] = log(0.10/0.25)

= 0.4

Putting the values in handerson hasselbalch equation,

pH = 3.46+0.4

= 3.86

Thus, we find that the value of pH of a 1. 0 l buffer prepared by adding 0. 100 moles of NaOH to 0. 250 moles of HF is 3.86.

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The concentration of glucose in the new solution will be

30 M mol/liter.

Subtract the solute's mass from the total volume of the solution. Using m as the solute's mass and V as the total volume of the solution, write out the equation C = m/V.

A concentrated solution is referred to as a stock solution since it will be diluted to a lesser concentration before usage. M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ is the dilution equation.

                     A diluted solution = stock solution.

M₁ is the stock solution's molarity.

M₂ stands for the diluted solution's molarity.

V1 is the volume of the starting solution.

V2 is the volume of the final solution.

M₁ = 90M mol/liter

V₁ = 20mL

V₂ = 40mL

Using the formula,

                               M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

                 20mL × 90 M mol/liter = 40mL × M₂

                              M₂ = 30 M mol/liter

Therefore, the concentration of glucose in the new solution will be

30 M mol/liter.

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The molar concentration of the acid, HCl required for the reaction is 0.614 M

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

2HCl + Ca(OH)₂ —> CaCl₂ + 2H₂O

The mole ratio of the acid, HCl (nA) = 2

The mole ratio of the base, Ca(OH)₂ (nB) = 1

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Volume of acid, HCl (Va) = 50.6 mL

Volume of base, Ca(OH)₂ (Vb) = 45 mL

Molarity of base, Ca(OH)₂ (Mb) = 0.345 M

Molarity of acid, HCl (Ma) =?

MaVa / MbVb = nA/nB

(Ma × 50.6) / (0.345 × 45) = 2

(Ma × 50.6) / 15.525 = 2

Cross multiply

Ma × 50.6 = 15.525 × 2

Ma × 50.6 = 31.05

Divide both side by 50.6

Ma = 31.05 / 50.6

Ma = 0.614 M

Therefore, the molar concentration of the acid, HCl is 0.614 M

Molar concentration, also known as molarity, is most commonly expressed in moles of solute per litre of solution. It is defined in broader applications as the amount of solute substance per unit volume of solution or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase letters.

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Answer:

82.4 s

Explanation:

Find the NUMBEr of half lives...then multiply by 54.3

2.27 = 6.5 (1/2)^n

log (2.27/6.5) / log (1/2) = n = 1.52 half lives

1.52 * 54.3 = 82.4 s

The molar mass of aluminum sulfate is 342.2 g/mol.

The molar mass of aluminium sulfate Al₂(SO₄)₃, will be equal to the sum of the molar masses of all the atoms that make up a mole of this compound.

From (Al₂(SO₄)₃, 1 mole of aluminum sulfate contains;

two moles of aluminum, 2xAl

three moles of sulfur, 3xS

twelve moles of oxygen, 3x4x0

From periodic table, the molar mass of aluminum, sulfur and oxygen is;

Al= 26.981538 g mol⁻¹

S= 32.065 g mol⁻¹

O=14.9994 g mol⁻¹

To find molar mass of aluminum sulfate we need to do

2xMmAl+3xMmS+12XMmO

2X26.981538 g mol⁻¹+3X32.065 g mol⁻¹+12X15.9994 g mol⁻¹

This will give  Mm Al₂(SO₄)₃  = 342.150876 g mol⁻¹

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Answer:

B.) 117 g

Explanation:

(Step 1)

To find the mass, you need to first find the moles of NaCl using the molarity  ratio.

Molarity = moles / volume (L)

2.00 M = moles / 1.0 L

2.00 = moles

(Step 2)

Now that you know the moles, you can convert it to grams using the molar mass.

Molar Mass (NaCl): 22.990 g/mol + 35.453 g/mol

Molar Mass (NaCl): 58.443 g/mol

2.00 moles NaCl          58.443 g
---------------------------  x  -----------------  =  117 g NaCl
                                        1 mole

The solutions having osmotic pressure less than those of body fluids are called as hypoosmotic , therefore option C is correct.

Osmotic pressure is defined as the pressure that would be required to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis.

It is essentially a colligative feature that completely depends on the solute particle concentration in the solution.

Higher concentrations and higher temperatures increase osmotic pressure.

Osmotic pressure can be calculated using the following equation:

Π = MRT

where,

Π=osmotic pressure

M=Molar concentration of solution

R=Real gas constant

T=Temperature in Kelvin

Solutions having osmotic pressure  less than those of body fluids are called as hypoosmotic solutions ,hence option C is correct.

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The pH of the diprotic acid H2Y is =

6.15 × 10-17

A diprotic acid is a type of acid that contains two hydrogen atoms in its molecules which has the ability to be replaced when involved in a chemical reaction.

A weak diprotic acid is the type of acid that yields hydronium ions and bicarbonate ions in small amounts when involved in a chemical reaction.

The pH is defined as the degree of how acidic or how basic a substance is when measured against a scale.

The Ka1 of the weak diprotic acid = 6.9x10-5

The Ka2 of the weak diprotic acid = 5.4x10-12

Using the formula;

pH = (pKa1 + pKa2)/2

pH = (6.9x10-5 + 5.4x10-12)/2

pH= 12.3 ×10-5×10-12

pH= 12.3 × 10-17/2

pH= 6.15 × 10-17

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