Answer:
These are the components telecommunication service providers use to run certain operations towards customers.
hope it helps. pls like and follow
Business support systems "provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company". The correct option is 'a'.
Business support systems (BSS) encompass a combination of functionalities mentioned in the provided options. Let's discuss each option briefly:
a. Provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company:
This statement aligns with the concept of Decision Support Systems (DSS), which are a type of BSS that aid users in making informed decisions by providing relevant information and analysis. DSS supports various levels of management by assisting them in evaluating alternatives, analyzing data, and generating reports to support decision-making processes.
b. Simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied:
This description pertains to Expert Systems, which are an advanced form of BSS. Expert Systems utilize a knowledge base and inference rules to imitate human expertise and provide intelligent solutions to complex problems. They are particularly useful in domains where specialized knowledge is required.
c. Process data generated by day-to-day business operations:
This statement refers to Transaction Processing Systems (TPS), which are an essential component of BSS. TPS handles routine, day-to-day transactions and processes data generated during regular business operations, such as sales, inventory, and payroll.
d. Include e-mail, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, and integrated mobile computing systems:
These technologies are examples of Office Automation Systems (OAS), another category of BSS. OAS streamline office tasks and improve communication and collaboration among employees through various software tools and applications.
Therefore, business support systems encompass a range of applications and technologies that provide job-related information support.
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The complete question:
Business support systems ____.
a. provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company
b. simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules that determine how the knowledge is applied
c. process data generated by day-to-day business operations
d. include e-mail, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, word processing, automated calendars, database management, spreadsheets, and integrated mobile computing systems
: A freeway exit ramp has a single lane and consist of entirely of a horizontal curve with a central angle of 90 degree and a length of 626 ft. If the distance cleared from the centre line for sight distance is 19.4ft, what design speed was used? Assumptions: t= 2.5sec, f=0.4
The design speed was used for the freeway exit ramp is 11 mph.
Design speed used in the exit rampThe design speed used in the exit ramp is calculated as follows;
f = v²/15R - 0.01e
where;
v is designated speedv = ωr
v = (θ/t) r
θ = 90⁰ = 1.57 rad
v = (1.57 x 19.4)/2.5 s
v = 12.18 ft/s = 8.3 mph
Design speedf = v²/15R - 0.01e
let the maximum superelevation, e = 1%
f = (8.3)²/(15 x 19.4) - 0.01
f = 0.22
0.22 is less than value of f which is 0.4
next iteration, try 10 mphf = (10)²/(15 x 19.4) - 0.01
f = 0.33
0.33 is less than 0.4
next iteration, try 11 mphf = (11)²/(15 x 19.4) - 0.01
f = 0.4
Thus, the design speed was used for the freeway exit ramp is 11 mph.
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You have three gear wheels a, b and c connected to each other,if you turn the first gear wheel "a" clockwise what will happen to b and c
In the case above, It will take more time for a tooth of wheel B and C to make a full turn (slower) than it will for a tooth of wheel A.
What are gear wheels?A gear wheel is known to be a kind of a wheel that is known to be made up of a teeth and/or cogs that is known to function with those of other aspect of the wheel or part.
Note that in the above case, lets use a scenario that Wheel P has 5 teeth. Wheel M has 3 teeth and wheel N has 1 teeth. If wheel P makes a full turn, wheel M turn will be slower as well as wheel N which will take more time.
Therefore, In the case above, It will take more time for a tooth of wheel B and C to make a full turn than it will for a tooth of wheel A.
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Two techniques that allow the io to play a useful advisory role even without direct experience in human subject protection areas are:_____.
The two techniques that allow the io to play a useful advisory role even without direct experience in human subject protection areas are periodically reviewing institutional policy and reviewing federal regulatory agency determination letters.
What is advisory?It should be noted that the role of an advisory board is to provide current knowledge, critical thinking as well as to increase the confidence of the decision-makers that represent the company.
Also, human subjects protections implies the collective term for the federal, state, and university ethical considerations which protect the rights and welfare of human beings.
Therefore, the two techniques that allow the io to play a useful advisory role even without direct experience in human subject protection areas are periodically reviewing institutional policy and reviewing federal regulatory agency determination letters.
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3. Write the differential equation xy + y² = 0 in differential form. E. Write the differential equation (y)2 - 5y + 6 = (x+y)(y-2) in standard form.
The differential equation x · y' + y² = 0 in differential form is x · dy + y² · dx = 0.
The standard form of the differential equation (y')² - 5 · (y') + 6 = (x + y) · (y' - 2) is the equation y' - y - 3 = x.
How to analyze ordinary differential equations
In the first part of this problem we have a nonlinear diferential equation of the form f(x, y, y') = 0, which has to be changed into diferential form, defined below:
M(x, y) dx + N(x, y) dy = 0, where y' = dy / dx. (1)
Now we proceed to work on the ordinary differential equation:
x · y' + y² = 0
x · y' = - y²
x · (dy / dx) = - y²
x · dy = - y² · dx
x · dy + y² · dx = 0
The differential equation x · y' + y² = 0 in differential form is x · dy + y² · dx = 0.
The second part of the problem involves another nonlinear differential equation, of which we must find its standard form, also defined below:
f(y', y) = g(x) (2)
Finally, we proceed to modify the equation:
(y')² - 5 · (y') + 6 = (x + y) · (y' - 2)
(y' - 3) · (y' - 2) = (x + y) · (y' - 2)
y' - 3 = x + y
y' - y - 3 = x
The standard form of the differential equation (y')² - 5 · (y') + 6 = (x + y) · (y' - 2) is the equation y' - y - 3 = x.
RemarkThe statement presents typing mistakes, correct form is shown below:
3. Write the differential equation x · y' + y² = 0 in differential form. Write the differential equation (y')² - 5 · y' + 6 = (x + y) · (y' - 2).
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A hollow aluminum shaft with an outside diameter of 63 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm has an allowable shear stress of 72 mpa. Determine the maximum torque t that may be applied to the shaft.
Answer:
maximum torque of metal
Explanation:
Question 5 of 10
Multiple Choice
How much cubic inch space is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors?
OA. 12 cubic inches
OB. 10 cubic inches
OC. 20 cubic inches
OD. 8 cubic inches
The cubic inch space that is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors will be D. 8 cubic inches.
What is a conductor?It should be noted that a conductor simply means a substance or material that simply allows electricity to pass through it.
From the information given, the cubic inch space that is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors is yo be computed.
This will be:
= (4 × 6)/3
= 24/3
= 8
In conclusion, the cubic inch space that is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors will be 8 cubic inches.
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When measuring the resistance of an electrical load, connect the meter ____ the load.
Answer:
multimeter
Explanation: in parallel
Question 2: (a) In your own words, clearly distinguish and differentiate between Ethics in Engineering and Ethics in Computing ( 9 Marks) (b) Draw a table of comparison to illustrate your answer in (a) and provide in each case five practical examples in the fields outlined above.
Engineering ethics is not without abstraction, but in contrast with computing, it is animated by a robust and active movement concerned with the seamless identification of ethics with practice.
What is engineering?This is a branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures that uses scientific principles.
Comparing ethics in engineering and ethics in computing:
Engineering ethics are a set of rules and guidelines. While computing ethics deals with procedures, values and practices.In engineering ethics, engineers must adhere to these rules as a moral obligation to their profession While in computing ethics, the ethics govern the process of consuming computer technology.Following these ethics for the two professions will NOT cause damage, but disobeying them causes damage.Some practical examples in the computing field:
Avoid using the computer to harm other people such as creating a bomb or destroying other people's work.Users also should not use a computer for stealing activities like breaking into a bank or company.Make sure a copy of the software had been paid for by the users before it is used.Some practical examples in the engineering field:
Integrity for oneself.Respect for one another.Pursuit of excellence and accountability.Hence, Engineering ethics is the field of system of moral principles that apply to the practice of engineering and following them is important to the profession.
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A smaw station includes the arc welding machine, ____, electrode lead, workpiece lead, booth, workbench, stool, and ventilation.
Answer:
Electrode Holder
Explanation:
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc welding, is a manual arc welding process that uses a consumable and protected electrode. As the electrode melts, a cover that protects the electrode melts and protects the weld area from oxygen and other atmospheric gases
When an inside corner is being welded in the horizontal position, undercutting can be decreased or prevented by?
Answer:
By using a forward-inclined half-moon torch position, stopping momentarily at each end of the weld pool
Explanation:
By using a forward-inclined half-moon torch position, stopping momentarily at each end of the weld pool
Adjusting welding parameters, using appropriate electrode size, and maintaining proper torch angle can prevent undercutting in horizontal
welding of an inside corner.
We have,
When an inside corner is being welded in the horizontal position, undercutting can be decreased or prevented by adjusting the welding parameters, such as:
- Controlling Welding Parameters:
Adjusting the welding parameters is crucial in preventing undercutting.
It involves regulating the welding current, voltage, and travel speed.
- Selecting Appropriate Electrode Size:
Choosing the right electrode size is essential to control the heat generated during the welding process.
Smaller electrode diameters generally provide lower heat input, which can help prevent undercutting.
- Maintaining Proper Torch Angle and Manipulation Techniques:
Keeping the correct torch angle during welding is crucial to control the weld pool and metal deposition.
- reducing the welding current and travel speed
- using the appropriate electrode size
- maintaining proper torch angle and manipulation techniques.
Thus,
Adjusting welding parameters, using appropriate electrode size, and maintaining proper torch angle can prevent undercutting in horizontal welding of an inside corner.
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1. A 100kVA, 5000/200V transformer is tested. The data is provided below. (100 pts) Open Circuit VOC=200V, IOC=5A, POC=120W Short Circuit VSC=80V, ISC=10A, PSC=400W (a) What is the high-voltage side equivalent circuit? (30 pts)
Answer:open circuit
short circuit
voc
Explanation:
Esma and hasan are putting the finishing touches on their model for a tiny chip-based energy source to power their lighting system. what phase of the engineering design process should they complete next? confirm with research build a prototype test their work get the product priced
The phase of the engineering design process which should be completed next is to test their work and is denoted as option C.
What is Engineering design?These are the series of steps and techniques which are done by individuals in the making of functional product and services.This employs the use of scientific methods and also ensures an easier living for different individuals.
The first stage involves identifying the problem and then building a prototype through the use of different materials. This is then tested before the final finishing work is done to ensure the parts are properly placed before they are moved for evaluation by other people.
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You are coming to this intersection, and are planning on turningright. There is a vehicle close behind you. You should?
Answer:
Put on your right turn signal
A primary current of 6.0 A exists in an ideal iron-core transformer at a primary voltage of 100 volts. If the current in the secondary is 0.75 A, calculate the output voltage.
Answer:
Explanation:
Formula
Voltage_p * Current_p = Voltage_s * Current_s
Comment
What the formula means is the voltage multiplied by the current in the primary = voltage multiplied by the current in the secondary.
Givens
Vp =100 v
Ip = 6 amps
Vs = x
Is = 0.75 amps
Solution
100 * 6 = 0.75* x
600 = 0.75 x Divide both sides by 0.75
600/0,75 = 0.75x/0.75
800v = x
What you have here is a step up transformer. It has a relatively small voltage (100 volts ) on the primary which the transformer changes to 800 volts in the secondary.
Answer
800 volts.
A microscope illuminator uses a transformer to step down the 120 V AC of the wall outlet to power a 12.0 V,50 W microscope bulb. What is the resistance of the bulb filament
Answer:2.88 ohms
Explanation:
R= V^2 / P
12^2/50
144/50
2.88 ohms
Question1: You are contracted to install MS Exchange Server software on all PCs of a company. After doing half of the work, you found that the company did not pay MS for the copies you are installing. You notified the company that they were out of compliance with MS licensing requirement, but got no response.
a. What do you do?.
b. What other information would you need?.
c. Explain.
Since you notified the company that they were out of compliance with MS licensing requirement, and got no got no response. one can:
Let the job go or find an alternative by asking if the company have a product key which you can use.The other information that a person would need in the case above is if the company already have a product key or if they have the money to buy the licensing key.What are Microsoft licenses?The Microsoft Services Provider License Agreement ("SPLA") is known to be a kind of a program that is made to target a lot of service providers and also those of Independent Software Vendors ("ISVs").
This is known to be the v that is given to their partners to give their software services and that of their hosted applications to the end customers.
Based on the above, Since you notified the company that they were out of compliance with MS licensing requirement, and got no got no response. one can:
Let the job go or find an alternative by asking if the company have a product key which you can use.The other information that a person would need in the case above is if the company already have a product key or if they have the money to buy the licensing key.Learn more about MS licensing from
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If welding is being done in the vertical position, the torch should have a travel angle of?
Answer:
Between 35°– 45°
Explanation:
In the vertical position, Point the flame in the direction of travel. Keep the flame tip at the correct height above the base metal. An angle of 35°–45° should be maintained between the torch tip and the base metal. This angle may be varied up or down to heat or cool the weld pool if it is too narrow or too wide
How do you fix this?
from random import randint
class Character:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ""
self.health = 1
self.health_max = 1
def do_damage(self, enemy):
damage = min(
max(randint(0, self.health) - randint(0, enemy.health), 0),
enemy.health)
enemy.health = enemy.health - damage
if damage == 0:
print("%s evades %s's attack." % (enemy.name, self.name))
else:
print("%s hurts %s!" % (self.name, enemy.name))
return enemy.health <= 0
class Enemy(Character):
def __init__(self, player):
Character.__init__(self)
self.name = 'a goblin'
self.health = randint(1, player.health)
class Player(Character):
def __init__(self):
Character.__init__(self)
self.state = 'normal'
self.health = 10
self.health_max = 10
def quit(self):
print(
"%s can't find the way back home, and dies of starvation.\nR.I.P." % self.name)
self.health = 0
def help(self): print(Commands.keys())
def status(self): print("%s's health: %d/%d" %
(self.name, self.health, self.health_max))
def tired(self):
print("%s feels tired." % self.name)
self.health = max(1, self.health - 1)
def rest(self):
if self.state != 'normal':
print("%s can't rest now!" % self.name)
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
print("%s rests." % self.name)
if randint(0, 1):
self.enemy = Enemy(self)
print("%s is rudely awakened by %s!" %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.state = 'fight'
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
if self.health < self.health_max:
self.health = self.health + 1
else:
print("%s slept too much." % self.name)
self.health = self.health - 1
def explore(self):
if self.state != 'normal':
print("%s is too busy right now!" % self.name)
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
print("%s explores a twisty passage." % self.name)
if randint(0, 1):
self.enemy = Enemy(self)
print("%s encounters %s!" % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.state = 'fight'
else:
if randint(0, 1):
self.tired()
else:
if randint(0, 1):
self.fall()
def flee(self):
if self.state != 'fight':
print("%s runs in circles for a while." % self.name)
self.tired()
else:
if randint(1, self.health + 5) > randint(1, self.enemy.health):
print("%s flees from %s." % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy = None
self.state = 'normal'
else:
print("%s couldn't escape from %s!" %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy_attacks()
def attack(self):
if self.state != 'fight':
print("%s swats the air, without notable results." % self.name)
self.tired()
else:
if self.do_damage(self.enemy):
print("%s executes %s!" % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy = None
self.state = 'normal'
if randint(0, self.health) < 10:
self.health = self.health + 1
self.health_max = self.health_max + 1
print("%s feels stronger!" % self.name)
else:
self.enemy_attacks()
def enemy_attacks(self):
if self.enemy.do_damage(self):
print("%s was slaughtered by %s!!!\nR.I.P." %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
def fall(self):
print(
"%s fell down a pit and dies.\nR.I.P." % self.name)
self.health = 0
Commands = {
'quit': Player.quit,
'help': Player.help,
'status': Player.status,
'rest': Player.rest,
'explore': Player.explore,
'flee': Player.flee,
'attack': Player.attack,
}
p = Player()
p.name = input("What is your character's name? ")
print("(type help to get a list of actions)\n")
print("%s enters a dark cave, searching for adventure." % p.name)
while(p.health > 0):
line = input("> ")
args = line.split()
if len(args) > 0:
commandFound = False
for c in Commands.keys():
if args[0] == c[:len(args[0])]:
Commands[c](p)
commandFound = True
break
if not commandFound:
print("%s doesn't understand the suggestion." % p.name)
Using the knowledge in computational language in python it is possible to write a code that was fixed;
Writting in python:from random import randint
class Character:
def __init__(self):
self.name = ""
self.health = 1
self.health_max = 1
def do_damage(self, enemy):
damage = min(
max(randint(0, self.health) - randint(0, enemy.health), 0),
enemy.health)
enemy.health = enemy.health - damage
if damage == 0:
print("%s evades %s's attack." % (enemy.name, self.name))
else:
print("%s hurts %s!" % (self.name, enemy.name))
return enemy.health <= 0
class Enemy(Character):
def __init__(self, player):
Character.__init__(self)
self.name = 'a goblin'
self.health = randint(1, player.health)
class Player(Character):
def __init__(self):
Character.__init__(self)
self.state = 'normal'
self.health = 10
self.health_max = 10
def quit(self):
print(
"%s can't find the way back home, and dies of starvation.\nR.I.P." % self.name)
self.health = 0
def help(self): print(Commands.keys())
def status(self): print("%s's health: %d/%d" %
(self.name, self.health, self.health_max))
def tired(self):
print("%s feels tired." % self.name)
self.health = max(1, self.health - 1)
def rest(self):
if self.state != 'normal':
print("%s can't rest now!" % self.name)
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
print("%s rests." % self.name)
if randint(0, 1):
self.enemy = Enemy(self)
print("%s is rudely awakened by %s!" %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.state = 'fight'
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
if self.health < self.health_max:
self.health = self.health + 1
else:
print("%s slept too much." % self.name)
self.health = self.health - 1
def explore(self):
if self.state != 'normal':
print("%s is too busy right now!" % self.name)
self.enemy_attacks()
else:
print("%s explores a twisty passage." % self.name)
if randint(0, 1):
self.enemy = Enemy(self)
print("%s encounters %s!" % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.state = 'fight'
else:
if randint(0, 1):
self.tired()
def flee(self):
if self.state != 'fight':
print("%s runs in circles for a while." % self.name)
self.tired()
else:
if randint(1, self.health + 5) > randint(1, self.enemy.health):
print("%s flees from %s." % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy = None
self.state = 'normal'
else:
print("%s couldn't escape from %s!" %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy_attacks()
def attack(self):
if self.state != 'fight':
print("%s swats the air, without notable results." % self.name)
self.tired()
else:
if self.do_damage(self.enemy):
print("%s executes %s!" % (self.name, self.enemy.name))
self.enemy = None
self.state = 'normal'
if randint(0, self.health) < 10:
self.health = self.health + 1
self.health_max = self.health_max + 1
print("%s feels stronger!" % self.name)
else:
self.enemy_attacks()
def enemy_attacks(self):
if self.enemy.do_damage(self):
print("%s was slaughtered by %s!!!\nR.I.P." %
(self.name, self.enemy.name))
Commands = {
'quit': Player.quit,
'help': Player.help,
'status': Player.status,
'rest': Player.rest,
'explore': Player.explore,
'flee': Player.flee,
'attack': Player.attack,
}
p = Player()
p.name = input("What is your character's name? ")
print("(type help to get a list of actions)\n")
print("%s enters a dark cave, searching for adventure." % p.name)
while(p.health > 0):
line = input("> ")
args = line.split()
if len(args) > 0:
commandFound = False
for c in Commands.keys():
if args[0] == c[:len(args[0])]:
Commands[c](p)
commandFound = True
break
if not commandFound:
print("%s doesn't understand the suggestion." % p.name)
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The smaller the grinder, the _______ the speed it turns
Answer:
faster
Explanation:
because in a big grinder you ca only grind bigger things but not Small things , some parts of your things that will
remain as they were in the beginning, so it will take more time to grind Small things .
A resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac source. What is the condition for resonance to occur?.
Answer:if power factor =1 is possible for that.
Explanation:when pf is unity. means 1.
During shielded metal arc welding, a welder can receive a burn comparable to sunburn if proper protective clothing is not worn.
a. true
b. false
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
The statement is true
A pilot reports that when the hydraulic pump is running, the pressure is normal. However, when the pump is stopped, no hydraulic pressure is available. This is a indication of a
A pilot reports that when the hydraulic pump is running, the pressure is normal. However, when the pump is stopped, no hydraulic pressure is available. This is an indication of a leaking accumulator air valve
This is further explained below.
What is an accumulator air valve?Generally, An accumulator of the bladder type is a metal tank that houses a rubber bladder that is filled with compressed gas. This form of the accumulator is also sometimes referred to as a hydro-pneumatic accumulator. In addition, the discharge port has a poppet valve, and the gas valve that is used to precharge the bladder has its own separate valve.
In conclusion, When the hydraulic pump is operating normally, according to the report of a pilot, the pressure is normal. On the other hand, there is no hydraulic pressure available when the pump is turned off. The presence of this symptom is evidence of a leaky accumulator air valve.
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The household refrigerator fresh-food compartment is a good example of ____ refrigeration
Question 5 of 10
How much cubic inch space is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors?
The maximum cubic inch space that is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors is 10 cubic inches.
What is current carrying conductor?
A current-carrying conductor is a conductor that experience a force when it is in a magnetic field, due to the interaction between the magnetic field & the field (magnetic) produced by moving charges in the wire.
The HHN stands for High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated.
The maximum cubic inch space that is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors is calculated as follows;
cubic inch space = 4 x 2.5 in³
cubic inch space = 10 in³
Thus, the maximum cubic inch space that is required inside a box for 4 #6 XHHN current carrying conductors is 10 cubic inches.
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Both copper and stainless steel are being considered as a wall material for a liquid cooled rocket nozzle. The cooled exterior of the wall is maintained at 150°C, while the combustion gases within the nozzle are at 2750°C. The gas side heat transfer coefficient is known to be hᵢ = 2×10⁴ W/m²-K, and the radius of the nozzle is much larger than the wall thickness. Thermal limitations dictate that the temperature of copper must not exceed 540°C, while that of the steel must not exceed 980°C. What is the maximum wall thickness that could be employed for each of the two materials? For Cu, ρ = 8933 kg/m³, k = 378 W/m-K and for stainless steel, ρ = 7900 kg/m³, k = 23.2 W/m-K
a. The maximum thickness of the copper nozzle is 3.3 mm
b. The maximum thickness of the steel nozzle is 0.054 mm
The question has to do with heat transfer
What is heat transfer?Heat transfer is the movement of heat energy from one body to anotrher.
How to calculate the maximum wall thickness?Since the rate of heat loss by the gas equal rate of heat gain by the metal.
Rate of heat loss by gasThe rate of heat loss by gas is P = -hA(T - T') where
h = heat transfer coefficient of gas = 2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K, A = surface area of nozzle, T = maximum temperature of metal and T = Temperature of gas = 2750°CRate of heat gain by metalThe rate of heat gain by metal is given by P' = kA(T - T")/t where
k = thermal coefficient of metal, A = surface area of nozzle, T = maximum temperature of metal, T" = temperature of exterior wall of nozzle = 150°C and t = thickness of nozzle. Maximum thickness of nozzle.Since P = P', we have that
-hA(T - T') = kA(T - T")/t
Making t subject of the formula, we have
t = -k(T - T")/h(T - T')
a. Maximum thickness for copper nozzleGiven that for copper
T = 540°C and k = 378 W/m-KSubstituting the values of the variables into t, we have
t = -k(T - T")/h(T - T')
t = -378 W/m-K(540°C - 150°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(540°C - 2750°C)]
t = -378 W/m-K(390°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(-2210°C)]
t = 147420 W/m/4420 × 10⁴ W/m²
t = 147420 W/m/44200000 W/m²
t = 0.0033 m
t = 3.3 mm
So, the maximum thickness of the copper nozzle is 10.71 cm
b. Maximum thickness for steel nozzleGiven that for steel
T = 980°C and k = 23.2 W/m-KSubstituting the values of the variables into t, we have
t = -k(T - T")/h(T - T')
t = -23.2 W/m-K(980°C - 150°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(980°C - 2750°C)]
t = -23.2 W/m-K(830°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(-1770°C)]
t = 19256 W/m/3540 × 10⁴ W/m²
t = 19256 W/m/35400000 W/m²
t = 0.0000544 m
t = 0.0544 mm
t ≅ 0.054 mm
So, the maximum thickness of the steel nozzle is 0.054 mm
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Both copper and stainless steel are being considered as a wall material for a liquid cooled rocket nozzle. The cooled exterior of the wall is maintained at 150°C, while the combustion gases within the nozzle are at 2750°C. The gas side heat transfer coefficient is known to be hᵢ = 2×10⁴ W/m²-K, and the radius of the nozzle is much larger than the wall thickness. Thermal limitations dictate that the temperature of copper must not exceed 540°C, while that of the steel must not exceed 980°C. If the nozzle is constructed with the maximum wall thickness, which material would be preferred? For Cu, ρ = 8933 kg/m³, k = 378 W/m-K and for stainless steel, ρ = 7900 kg/m³, k = 23.2 W/m-K
a. The maximum thickness of the copper nozzle is 0.33 cm
b. The maximum thickness of the steel nozzle is 0.054 cm
c. The material preferred is steel
The is a heat transfer question
What is heat transfer?Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from one body to the other.
How do we calculate the maximum wall thickness?We know that the rate of heat loss by the gas equals rate of heat gain by the metal.
The rate of heat loss by gasThe rate of heat loss by gas is P₁ = -hA(T₂ - T₁) where
h = The heat transfer coefficient of gas = 2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K,A = The surface area of nozzle,T₂ = The maximum temperature of metal and T₁ = The temperature of gas = 2750°CThe rate of heat gain by metalThe rate of heat gain by metal is P₂ = kA(T₂ - T₃)/d where
k = The hermal coefficient of metal,A = The surface area of nozzle,T₂ = The maximum temperature of metal,T₃ = The temperature of exterior wall of nozzle = 150°C and d = thickness of nozzle.The maximum thickness of nozzle.Given that P₁ = P₂, we can write
-hA(T - T') = kA(T - T")/d
So we make d subject of the formula, thus
t = -k(T₂ - T₃)/h(T₂ - T₁)
a. Maximum thickness for copper nozzleWe know that for copper
T₂ = 540°C andk = 378 W/m-KSubstituting the values of the variables into d, we have
d = -k(T₂ - T₃)/h(T₂ - T₁)
d = -378 W/m-K(540°C - 150°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(540°C - 2750°C)]
d = -378 W/m-K(390°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(-2210°C)]
d = -147420 W/m/-4420 × 10⁴ W/m²
d = 147420 W/m/44200000 W/m²
d = 0.0033 m
d = 0.33 cm
So, the maximum thickness of the copper nozzle is 0.33 cm
b. Maximum thickness for steel nozzleWe know that for steel
T₂ = 980°C andk = 23.2 W/m-KSubstituting the values of the variables into d, we have
d = -k(T₂ - T₃)/h(T₂ - T₁)
d = -23.2 W/m-K(980°C - 150°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(980°C - 2750°C)]
d = -23.2 W/m-K(830°C)/[2 × 10⁴ W/m²-K(-1770°C)]
d = -19256 W/m/-3540 × 10⁴ W/m²
d = 19256 W/m/35400000 W/m²
d = 0.00054 m
d = 0.054 cm
So, the maximum thickness of the steel nozzle is 0.054 cm
c. Which material is preferred?Since the steel nozzle has a thickness of 0.054 cm while the copper nozzle has a thickness of 0.33 cm, we see that the thickness of the steel nozzle is less. So, the steel is preffered.
So, the material preferred is steel
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Do you think that individuals with the same disabilities have the same needs? If your answer is yes, how? /No, why?
Disability is extremely diverse. While some health conditions associated with disability result in poor health and extensive health care needs, others do not. However, all people with disability have the same general health care needs as everyone else, and therefore need access to mainstream health care services.
What term is used to describe when a room becomes so hot that everything in it ignites simultaneously?.
When a room becomes so hot that everything in it ignites simultaneously it is termed a flashover.
What is a flashover?In a confined space, a flashover occurs when the majority of the directly exposed flammable material ignites almost simultaneously. Certain organic compounds go through thermal decomposition when heated and emit combustible gases as a result.
Every flammable surface exposed to thermal radiation in a compartment or confined space ignites quickly and simultaneously during a flashover, a thermally driven event. For typical combustibles, flashover typically happens when the upper section of the compartment achieves a temperature of about 1,100 °F.
Flashover circumstances are more likely to occur in buildings with hidden compartments, lower ceiling heights, room partitions, and energy-efficient or hurricane windows.
Therefore, the sudden ignition of everything in the room is called a flashover.
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Dampness or moisture introduces ____ into the weld, which causes cracking when some metals are welded.
Answer: Dampness or moisture introduces hydrogen into the weld, which causes cracking when some metals are welded.
Explanation:
This moisture (hydrogen) is a major cause of weld cracking and porosity.
The weave bead width should be ____ the diameter of the electrode being used. The same as no wider than 2–3 times 4 times no wider than 6 times
Answer:
the answer to this is 6 times.