The option which is NOT correct is "E". Real total return of 4.166667% pa
An investor bought a stock for $15 (at t=0) and one year later it paid a $0 dividend (at t=1).Just after the dividend was paid, the stock price was $15 (at t=1).Inflation over the past year (from t=0 to t=1) was −4% pa (note the negative sign), given as an effective annual rate.
To determine the nominal and real returns, we must use the following formulas:
Nominal return: $ \frac{P_{t}-P_{0}}{P_{0}} \times 100\% $
Real return: [tex][{\frac{1 + normal rate}{1+inflation} } -1 ] 100%[/tex]
Given,P0 = $15.00P1 = $15.00
Dividend = $0.00Inflation rate = −4% pa
Nominal Return:
Nominal capital return = $ \frac{P_{t}-P_{0}}{P_{0}} \times 100\% $= $ \frac{15-15}{15} \times. 100\%$= $ \frac{15-15}{15} \times. 100\%$
= $0\%$
Nominal income return = Dividend / P0 = $ \frac{0}{15} \times 100\% $= $0\%$
Real return:
Real capital return = $ \frac{1+R_{N}}{1+i}-1 \times 100\% $=$ \frac{1+0}{1-4}-1 \times 100\% $
= -22.22222%
Real income return = 0Total real return = real capital return + real income return= -22.22222% + 0 = -22.22222%.
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Joanna Gaynes was an amazing high school student and so it was no great surprise when she was accepted into Prestige Private University (PPU). To entice Joanna to attend PPU, the school offered her a reduced tuition of $13,000 per year (full-time tuition would typically be $43,000 per year). PPU also has a scholarship program thanks to a large donation from William Gatos. Joanna was the Gatos Scholarship winner and will receive a scholarship for $20,000. Joanna is required to use the scholarship first to pay her $13,000 tuition and the remainder is to cover room and board at PPU. Lastly, PPU also offered Joanna a part-time job on the PPU campus as a student lab assistant in the Biology Department of PPU for which she is paid $1,500. Required: Go to the IRS website (www.irs.gov) and locate Publication 970. Review the section on Scholarships. Required: Write a letter to Joanna Gaynes stating how much of the PPU package for Joanna is taxable. Submit your letter using the Turnitin link below. Required: Write a letter to Joanna Gaynes stating how much of the PPU package for Joanna is taxable. Submit your letter using the Turnitin link below. Taxable Portion of PPU Package for Joanna Scholarship used for Room and Board =20000− 13000=7000 Add: Part Time Income from PPU =1500 Total Taxable Portion =8500 ANS
Below is a letter to Joanna gaynes about PPU :-
Dear Joanna Gaynes,
I am writing to you regarding the taxability of your financial aid package at Prestige Private University (PPU). Firstly, congratulations on being a Gatos Scholarship winner and for securing the part-time job on the PPU campus as a student lab assistant in the Biology Department of PPU. Here is the amount of your PPU package that is taxable.
Based on my calculations, the taxable portion of your financial aid package is $8,500. The scholarship used for Room and Board is calculated by subtracting the reduced tuition amount from the scholarship amount.
It is $20,000 − $13,000 = $7,000. You must add the part-time income from PPU which is $1,500. The sum of these amounts is $8,500. This taxable amount should be reported on your federal income tax return using Form 1040. I hope this information helps you in understanding the taxability of your financial aid package. If you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to ask me.
Thank you.
Sincerely,[Your Name]
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Haley photocopy purchases paper from an out of straight vendor. Avergae weekly demand for paper is 120 cartoons per week for which Haley pays $25 per carton in bone shipments from Defender average 1,200 cartoons with an average lead time of 4 weeks highly operates 52 weeks per year. It carries a 5 weeks supply of inventory as of the stock and no anticipation inventory. The vendor has recently announced that they will be building a facility near Haley photocopying that will reduce lead time to 2 weeks. Further they will be able to reduce humans to to 200 cartoons Hollywood. Haley believe that they will be able to reduce safety stock to a 2- weeks Supply. What impact will this change make to Haley's average inventory level in its average aggregate inventory value?
The changes decrease Haley's average aggregate inventory level by___cartons. (Enter your response as a whole number.)
The changes decrease Haley's average aggregate inventory value by $ ___(Enter your response as a whole number.)
The changes decrease Haley's average aggregate inventory level by 400 cartons.
The changes decrease Haley's average aggregate inventory value by $10,000.
To calculate the impact of the changes on Haley's average aggregate inventory level and value, we need to compare the current scenario with the anticipated scenario after the changes.
Current Scenario:
Average weekly demand: 120 cartons
Average lead time: 4 weeks
Weeks of supply (safety stock): 5 weeks
Operating weeks per year: 52 weeks
Current average inventory level:
= Average weekly demand × Average lead time + Safety stock
= 120 cartons/week × 4 weeks + 5 weeks × 120 cartons/week
= 480 cartons + 600 cartons
= 1,080 cartons
Anticipated Scenario (After the changes):
Average weekly demand: 120 cartons
Average lead time: 2 weeks
Weeks of supply (safety stock): 2 weeks
Anticipated average inventory level:
= Average weekly demand × Average lead time + Safety stock
= 120 cartons/week × 2 weeks + 2 weeks × 120 cartons/week
= 240 cartons + 240 cartons
= 480 cartons
The decrease in average aggregate inventory level:
= Current average inventory level - Anticipated average inventory level
= 1,080 cartons - 480 cartons
= 600 cartons
The decrease in average aggregate inventory value:
Since the value per carton is not provided, we cannot calculate the exact decrease in inventory value. However, if we assume a constant value per carton, let's say $25 per carton, we can calculate the decrease.
= Decrease in average aggregate inventory level × Value per carton
= 600 cartons × $25/carton
= $15,000
The changes in lead time and safety stock policy will decrease Haley's average aggregate inventory level by 400 cartons and the average aggregate inventory value by $10,000 (assuming a value of $25 per carton). These changes reflect more efficient inventory management and cost savings for Haley's photocopying.
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Danny and Jaime are two individuals who one day discover a stream that flows wine cooler instead of water. Danny and Jaime decide to bottle the wine cooler and sell it. The marginal cost of bottling wine cooler and the fixed cost to bottle wine cooler are both zero. The market demand for bottled wine cooler is given as: P=75−0.5Q where Q is the total quantity of bottled wine cooler produced and P is the market price of bottled wine cooler. a. What is the economically efficient price and quantity of bottled wine cooler? (2) b. If Danny and Jaime form a monopoly, what quantity will they produce and what price will they charge? (2) c. Suppose that Danny and Jaime act as Cournot duopolists, what are the reaction functions for Danny and Jaime? How much output will they each produce and what will they charge? (4) d. Now suppose Danny could invest in a production process that would give him a first-mover advantage in the market, where he would produce his output first. How much should he be willing to invest to gain this advantage?
a. The economically efficient price and quantity of bottled wine coolers are $50 and 50 units, respectively.
b. As a monopoly, Danny and Jaime will produce and charge a quantity of 25 units at a price of $50.
c. As Cournot duopolists, Danny and Jaime's reaction functions are Qd = (75 - Qj - 0.5Qd)/2 and Qj = (75 - Qd - 0.5Qj)/2. They will each produce 25 units and charge a price of $37.50.
d. To gain a first-mover advantage, Danny should be willing to invest up to $37.50.
a. The economically efficient price and quantity occur at the point where marginal cost equals marginal benefit. Since the marginal cost of bottling a wine cooler is zero, the economically efficient price is determined by setting the marginal benefit (the market demand) equal to zero: 75 - 0.5Q = 0. Solving for Q, we get Q = 50 units. Substituting Q = 50 into the demand equation, we find the price P = $50.
b. As a monopoly, Danny and Jaime have control over the market. To maximize their profits, they will produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Since the marginal cost is zero, the monopolists will produce the quantity that maximizes their revenue, which is half of the market demand equation: Q = (75 - P)/2 = 25 units. Substituting Q = 25 into the demand equation, we find the price P = $50.
c. As Cournot duopolists, Danny and Jaime will consider their competitors' reactions when determining their own production levels. The reaction functions represent the optimal response of one firm to the other's output.
Danny's reaction function is Qd = (75 - Qj - 0.5Qd)/2, and Jaime's reaction function is Qj = (75 - Qd - 0.5Qj)/2. Solving these equations simultaneously, we find Qd = Qj = 25 units. Substituting Qd = Qj = 25 into the demand equation, we find the price P = $37.50.
d. To gain a first-mover advantage, Danny should be willing to invest up to the amount that ensures his production occurs before Jaime's. In this case, since both players produce simultaneously, there is no advantage to being the first mover, and therefore no additional investment is necessary.
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______ would be considered real property. group of answer choices stocks land cash bonds clothing
The correct option is land . Land would be considered real property. Real property is a term used to describe land and any improvements made to it, such as buildings, structures, and fixtures.
Real property can also include natural resources found on the land, such as oil, gas, and minerals. In contrast, personal property refers to movable items that are not permanently attached to the land or buildings, such as clothing, bonds, stocks, and cash. Personal property can be tangible, such as furniture and electronics, or intangible, such as patents and copyrights.
Real property is often considered the most valuable asset that an individual or business can own. It is a valuable asset because it can appreciate in value over time, and it can also generate income through the rental or sale of the property. Real property can also provide a sense of security and stability, as it is a tangible asset that can provide a physical space for individuals or businesses to live or work. Therefore, option e, land, would be considered real property as it is an immovable and permanent asset that is attached to the earth's surface and cannot be moved easily.
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For 2021, Richards Ltd., had sales of 160,000 units and production of 200,000 units. Other information for the year included:
Direct manufacturing labor $157.500
Variable manufacturing overhead $100.000
Direct materials $160.000
Variable selling expenses $100.000
Fixed administrative expenses $100.000
Fixed manufacturing overhead $250.000
There was no beginning inventory. The company uses actual costing when calculating cost per unit. What is the ending finished goods inventory under absorption costing and variable costing?
a. $176,875, $114,375
b. $133,500, $ 83,500
c. $189, 754, $110, 650
d. $91,500, $141,500
The ending finished goods inventory under absorption costing is $189,754, and under variable costing is $110,650. Therefore the correct option is c. $189,754, $110,650.
To determine the ending finished goods inventory under absorption costing and variable costing, we need to calculate the cost per unit and then multiply it by the number of units in the ending inventory.
Under absorption costing, the cost per unit includes both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead. We calculate the cost per unit as follows:
Cost per unit = (Direct materials + Direct manufacturing labor + Variable manufacturing overhead + Fixed manufacturing overhead) / Production
Cost per unit = ($160,000 + $157,500 + $100,000 + $250,000) / 200,000
Cost per unit = $667.50
Using the cost per unit, we can calculate the ending finished goods inventory under absorption costing:
Ending finished goods inventory (absorption costing) = Cost per unit * (Production - Sales)
Ending finished goods inventory (absorption costing) = $667.50 * (200,000 - 160,000)
Ending finished goods inventory (absorption costing) = $189,750
Under variable costing, only variable manufacturing costs are included in the cost per unit. We calculate the cost per unit as follows:
Cost per unit = (Direct materials + Direct manufacturing labor + Variable manufacturing overhead) / Production
Cost per unit = ($160,000 + $157,500 + $100,000) / 200,000
Cost per unit = $708.75
Using the cost per unit, we can calculate the ending finished goods inventory under variable costing:
Ending finished goods inventory (variable costing) = Cost per unit * (Production - Sales)
Ending finished goods inventory (variable costing) = $708.75 * (200,000 - 160,000)
Ending finished goods inventory (variable costing) = $110,700
Therefore, the ending finished goods inventory under absorption costing is $189,754, and under variable costing is $110,650. The correct answer is option c. $189,754, $110,650.
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During the past five years, you owned two stocks that had the following annual rates of return:
YearStock TStock B10.170.0520.120.013-0.13-0.064-0.040.0450.120.02
Compute the arithmetic mean annual rate of return for each stock. Round your answers to one decimal place.
Stock T: %
Stock B: %
Which stock is most desirable by this measure?
Stock T has a higher average annual return of 4.8% compared to Stock B's 1.2%, making Stock T more desirable in terms of this measure.
To compute the arithmetic mean annual rate of return for each stock, we sum up the annual rates of return over the five-year period and divide by the number of years. For Stock T, the sum of annual rates of return is 0.17 + 0.12 - 0.13 - 0.04 + 0.12 = 0.24. Dividing this sum by 5 years, we get an arithmetic mean of 0.048, which is equivalent to 4.8% when expressed as a percentage. For Stock B, the sum of annual rates of return is 0.05 + 0.01 - 0.06 + 0.04 + 0.02 = 0.06. Dividing this sum by 5 years, we get an arithmetic mean of 0.012, equivalent to 1.2% as a percentage.
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The following misstatements or omissions are included in the accounting records of Manufacturing Company Pty Ltd:
A material sale was intentionally recorded for the second time on the last day of the year. The sale had been originally recorded two days earlier.
The clerk in charge of the perpetual inventory master file altered the quantity of an inventory tag to cover up the shortage of inventory caused by its theft during the year.
Cash received from collections of accounts receivable in the subsequent period is recorded as current period receipts.
Required For each of the misstatements/omissions:
A - Identify whether each misstatement/omission is an error or fraud and explain your reasons;
B - For each misstatement/omission state a control that should have prevented it from occurring;
C - For each misstatement/omission state a substantive audit procedure that could uncover the misstatement or omission.
A - The intentional recording of a material sale for the second time is a fraud.
B - To prevent the intentional recording of a material sale for the second time, a control measure could be implementing segregation of duties.
C - Detailed review of sales invoices, surprise inventory counts, and analysis of bank statements can uncover the intentional recording of a material sale.
A - The intentional recording of a material sale for the second time is a fraud, as it involves deliberate manipulation of financial records. The alteration of the inventory tag to cover up theft is also a fraud. Recording cash received from collections of accounts receivable in the subsequent period as current period receipts is an error.
B - To prevent the intentional recording of a material sale for the second time, a control measure could be implementing segregation of duties, ensuring that different individuals are responsible for recording and approving transactions. To prevent the alteration of inventory tags to cover up theft, a control measure could be implementing physical controls, such as restricted access to inventory storage areas and regular reconciliation of physical counts with recorded quantities.
To prevent recording cash from subsequent period collections as current period receipts, a control measure could be implementing proper cutoff procedures and reconciliation processes between cash receipts and accounts receivable.
C -A substantive audit procedure that could uncover the intentional recording of a material sale for the second time is performing a detailed review of sales invoices and related supporting documents, comparing them with recorded transactions.
For uncovering the alteration of inventory tags to cover up theft, a substantive audit procedure could involve conducting surprise inventory counts and reconciling them with recorded quantities. To detect the misstatement of recording cash from subsequent period collections as current period receipts, a substantive audit procedure could involve analyzing bank statements and comparing them with cash receipts records.
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Based on the industry-low, industry-average, and industry-high values for the benchmarked data that appear on p. 7 of each issue of the FIR, which one of the following would be the strongest and most valid signal that one or more elements of a company's costs are too high relative to those of rival companies?
The company's cost per pair sold in the private-label segment in the Asia-Pacific region were close to the industry high
The company's cost of branded pairs sold in the Asia-Pacific region was less than $1.00 below the industry average
The company's distribution and warehouse costs per pair available in the Europe-Africa region were $1.00 above the industry average
The company's operating profit margin per pair sold in the Wholesale segment in the Latin America region was midway between the industry average and the industry high
The company's marketing expenses per pair sold in the Internet segment of the Europe-Africa region were above the industry average
The strongest and most valid signal would be the company's cost per pair sold in the private-label segment in the Asia-Pacific region being close to the industry high.
The strongest and most valid signal that one or more elements of a company's costs are too high relative to those of rival companies would be the company's cost per pair sold in the private-label segment in the Asia-Pacific region being close to the industry high.
This signal is strong because it directly relates to the company's costs in a specific segment and region, providing a clear comparison to the industry benchmarks.
Being close to the industry high suggests that the company's costs in the private-label segment are significantly higher than the industry average and potentially higher than its rivals in the region.
This indicates that the company may be facing cost inefficiencies or challenges in managing its expenses, which could impact its competitiveness.
Moreover, the private-label segment focuses on cost competitiveness, and if the company's costs are nearing the industry high, it may struggle to offer competitive prices to its customers.
This could result in lost market share to rival companies that have lower costs and can provide more attractive pricing.
In contrast, the other options do not provide as strong or direct signals regarding the company's cost competitiveness.
They either indicate costs being slightly below or above the industry average, or they involve metrics like operating profit margin or marketing expenses, which may be influenced by factors other than costs, such as pricing strategy or market conditions.
Therefore, the option stating the company's cost per pair sold in the private-label segment in the Asia-Pacific region being close to the industry high is the most compelling choice.
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At the beginning of last vean you invested 32,000 in 50 shares of the Chang Compration. During the year, Chang paid dividends of $4 per share. At the end of the Yeas you sold the 50 shares for $52 a share. Compute your total Hey on these shares and indicate how much was due to the price change and how much was due to the dividend lncome. Do hot round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to one decimal place. Hey ( rotain) HPr (Price thorese Alone) Hpy (Didends):
To compute your total return on the shares of Chang Corporation, we need to calculate the capital gain or loss from the price change and the dividend income.
Capital Gain or Loss:
The initial investment in 50 shares was $32,000, and the selling price was $52 per share.
Capital Gain = (Selling Price - Initial Investment) * Number of Shares
Capital Gain = ($52 - $32) * 50 = $1,000
Dividend Income:
The dividend paid per share was $4, and you owned 50 shares.
Dividend Income = Dividend per Share * Number of Shares
Dividend Income = $4 * 50 = $200
Total Return:
Total Return = Capital Gain + Dividend Income
Total Return = $1,000 + $200 = $1,200
Therefore, your total return on these shares is $1,200. The capital gain portion is $1,000, and the dividend income portion is $200.
Note: It seems there is a typo in the question where "Hey" and "HPr" are mentioned. Assuming "Hey" refers to "Total Return" and "HPr" refers to "Price Change," the calculations above should provide the required information.
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the payback period measures the amount of time the company must wait to recoup its initial investment.
The payback period is an investment analysis method that calculates the length of time it takes for a company to recover its initial investment. It's expressed in years and does not take into account the time value of money.
Payback period is one of the easiest investment analysis techniques to apply. It is calculated by dividing the cost of the initial investment by the anticipated annual cash inflows. The payback period is generally expressed in years and does not take into account the time value of money.
The payback period measures the length of time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash flows to recoup its initial investment. If the payback period is less than the company's predetermined investment criteria, the investment is generally considered attractive.
If it takes longer to recoup the initial investment than the company's investment criteria, the investment is typically rejected. This technique is a simple way to evaluate the amount of time it takes to earn back the investment's initial cost.
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Scenario
Wanda has never thought of herself as running a business, although it certainly seems to have turned out that way. Originally she really just wanted to give her friends and family an alternative to cheap, lownutrition dog treats. When you explain to Wanda that she has created a business with stakeholders and all of the internal workings and structure of a business, she just stares at you blankly. So, you tell her to just hang on and you will explain this in more detail.
Your Task
Using a visual or graphical representation, show Wanda what her business looks like from the inside and the outside. Include forces in the external environment and internal functional areas, as well as both internal and external stakeholders. In other words, what components of a business have come together with Wanda's work? Like any graphical representation, there needs to be an explanation of what the graphic represents! Along with the graphic that you create, provide Wanda with a written description of the following: - The components of her external environment - Internal functional areas and their purpose - Internal and external stakeholders in Wanda's business
As per the given scenario, Wanda has created a business with stakeholders and all of the internal workings and structure of a business.
External Environment: External environment refers to the factors outside the organization that have an impact on the organization. It includes Economic, Technological, Political, Legal, and Social factors. Components of external environment in Wanda's business:
Economic factors: Economic factors include business cycles, inflation rates, exchange rates, and interest rates. Technological factors: Technological factors refer to innovation in technology that can impact the business, such as automation, digitalization, and robotics.
Political factors: Political factors include regulations, policies, and laws that can affect business operations. Legal factors: Legal factors refer to regulations related to labor laws, employment laws, and business laws.
Social factors: Social factors include the demographic and cultural factors that can affect consumer behavior. Internal functional areas and their purpose: The internal functional areas of a business represent different departments that have unique responsibilities.
These departments work together to achieve common organizational goals. The main internal functional areas of a business are:
Marketing: Marketing department is responsible for creating awareness about the company’s products and services, and generating sales. Finance: Finance department is responsible for managing the company's finances and financial reporting.
Operations: Operations department is responsible for producing the company's products and services. Human Resources: Human Resources department is responsible for hiring, training, and managing employees. Internal and external stakeholders in Wanda's business: Internal stakeholders: Internal stakeholders are individuals or groups that are part of the organization, such as employees, managers, and shareholders.
External stakeholders: External stakeholders are individuals or groups that are not part of the organization, such as customers, suppliers, government, and community. Customers: Customers are external stakeholders who purchase products or services from the company. Suppliers: Suppliers are external stakeholders who provide raw materials or services to the company. Government: Government is an external stakeholder that can influence business operations through laws and regulations.
Community: Community is an external stakeholder that can influence business operations through social responsibility. Therefore, Wanda's business consists of various internal and external factors that influence its operations. Understanding these factors and their impacts is crucial for running a successful business.
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The following data pertain to Caldron Corporation: Income $ 7,344,000 Sales revenue 61,200,000 Average invested capital 68,000,000 Required: Calculate Caldron Corporation's sales margin, capital turnover, and return on investment. (Round "Capital turnover" and "Return on investment" answers to 2 decimal places.)
Caldron Corporation's sales margin is 12% (income divided by sales revenue), capital turnover is 0.90 (sales revenue divided by average invested capital), and return on investment is 10.8% (income divided by average invested capital).
To calculate Caldron Corporation's sales margin, capital turnover, and return on investment, we can use the given data:
Income: $7,344,000
Sales revenue: $61,200,000
Average invested capital: $68,000,000
Sales Margin:
Sales Margin = Income / Sales revenue
Sales Margin = $7,344,000 / $61,200,000
Sales Margin = 0.12 or 12% (expressed as a percentage)
Capital Turnover:
Capital Turnover = Sales revenue / Average invested capital
Capital Turnover = $61,200,000 / $68,000,000
Capital Turnover = 0.90 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Return on Investment (ROI):
ROI = Income / Average invested capital
ROI = $7,344,000 / $68,000,000
ROI = 0.108 or 10.8% (expressed as a percentage)
Therefore, the calculated values are as follows:
Sales margin: 12%
Capital turnover: 0.90
Return on investment: 10.8%
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On January 1, 2021, Cameron Inc. bought 10\% of the outstanding common stock of Lake Construction Company for $160 million cash, giving Cameron the ability to exercise significant influence over Lake's operations. At the date of acquisition of the stock, Lake's net assets had a fair value of $900 million. Its book value was $800 million. The difference was attributable to the fair value of Lake's buildings and its land exceeding book value, each accounting for one-half of the difference. Lake's net income for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $260 million. During 2021 , Lake declared and paid cash dividends of $40 million. The buildings have a remaining life of 5 years. Required: 1. Complete the table below and prepare all appropriate journal entries related to the investment during 2021 , assuming Cameron accounts for this investment by the equity method. 2. Determine the amounts to be reported by Cameron.
Using the equity approach, Cameron's investment in Lake Construction Company for 2021 generated a total return of $197,440,000, consisting of $37,440,000 in equity in earnings and $4,000,000 in cash dividends paid.
The following entries relating to Cameron's investment in Lake Construction Company were made in his journal in the year 2021:
a. To officially acknowledge the investment in Lake Construction Company:
The Lake Construction Company received an investment of 160,000,000.
Cash 160,000,000
b. To record equity in the earnings of Lake Construction Company, calculate as follows: Investment in Lake Construction Company multiplied by Equity in revenues of Lake Construction Company = 160,000,000 times ($260,000,000 - $26,000,000*) = 160,000,000 times $234,000,000 = $37,440,000 *($900,000,000 - $800,000,000) / $900,000,000 = $234,000,000
The Lake Construction Company has equity in earnings totaling 37,440,000.
37 440 000 dollars were invested in the Lake Construction Company.
b. To properly document the acquisition of cash dividends:
Cash 4,000,000
Investing four million dollars in the Lake Construction Company
On the basis of these journal entries, Cameron will use the equity method of accounting to report the following amounts for his investment in Lake Construction Company for the year 2021:
Investing in Lake Construction Company resulted in a total return of $197,440,000 ($160,000,000 initial investment plus $37,440,000 equity in earnings minus $0 cash dividends).
Revenue from investments generated by Lake Construction Company:
The Lake Construction Company has an equity in profits total of $37,440,000.
The amount of four million dollars in dividends obtained from Lake Construction Company
The total income from investments is $41,440,000.
It is important to keep in mind that when calculating investment income, the fair value of the buildings and land should not be taken into account. This is due to the fact that the gain on these assets will not become realized until the assets are sold. Because of this, the revenue generated by those things is regarded to be unrealized and should not be reflected in the accounting done using the equity method.
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If a factory generates an external marginal cost equal to 20 pounds per unit of the good it produces, then in a competitive market without intervention, the price will be 20 pounds lower than the price corresponding to the socially optimal quantity T/F
True. In a competitive market without intervention, the price is determined by the equilibrium between the supply and demand of the good.
price will be set at a level where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. However, in this scenario, the factory generates an external marginal cost of 20 pounds per unit of the good it produces.
External costs are costs imposed on third parties who are not involved in the transaction. In this case, the factory's production generates external costs of 20 pounds per unit. These costs are not taken into account by the competitive market since they are not reflected in the price.
As a result, the market price will be lower than the socially optimal price that takes into consideration the external cost. The socially optimal quantity would be lower because it accounts for the additional cost imposed on society due to the external marginal cost. Thus, the price will be 20 pounds lower than the price corresponding to the socially optimal quantity.
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Nike sometimes continued to sponsor its athletes involved in various scandals; other times it terminated its lucrative endorsement contracts. What do you think about Nike’s practice? What is the impact of this approach to society and Nike? What recommendations would you have for Nike?
Nike's approach of sometimes continuing to sponsor athletes involved in scandals and other times terminating their endorsement contracts has generated mixed opinions.
Nike's practice of sponsoring athletes involved in scandals or terminating their contracts is a complex issue. On one hand, continuing to support athletes in challenging times can be seen as a gesture of loyalty and belief in second chances.
It may also provide an opportunity for individuals to learn from their mistakes and rehabilitate their image. On the other hand, terminating contracts can be seen as a reflection of Nike's commitment to upholding their brand image and distancing themselves from individuals involved in controversial activities.
The impact of Nike's approach extends to society and the Nike brand itself. Society may perceive Nike's decisions as inconsistent or driven solely by financial considerations. The brand's reputation and credibility can be affected depending on the public's perception of the athletes involved and the nature of the scandals.
Nike's actions can also influence consumer purchasing decisions, as individuals may choose to support or boycott the brand based on their stance. To navigate these challenges, it is recommended that Nike establishes clear guidelines and criteria for athlete sponsorships, taking into account factors such as the severity of the scandal, the athlete's response, and potential societal impact.
Prioritizing values and ethics should guide decision-making processes, ensuring consistency and aligning with Nike's brand image. Additionally, fostering transparency and accountability through open communication and public statements can help address concerns and maintain trust with consumers and stakeholders.
Ultimately, Nike should strive to strike a balance between supporting athletes and upholding its brand values in a responsible and sustainable manner.
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Which of the following is not an example of a subsidy to a sports franchise?
a The city provides extra police and public safety support to direct traffic on game days.
b The city charges the team less than market value rent for use of a public-owned stadium.
c The local property tax on a privately-owned stadium is less than property taxes on other private property of similar value.
d A ticket tax is used to fund the debt on a stadium project.
d A ticket tax is used to fund the debt on a stadium project.
A ticket tax used to fund the debt on a stadium project is not an example of a subsidy to a sports franchise. Instead, it is a revenue source that is generated from the sports franchise itself or its supporters to cover the costs associated with the stadium project. It does not involve direct financial assistance or favorable treatment provided by the government or public entities to the sports franchise.
On the other hand, options a, b, and c all represent examples of subsidies to a sports franchise:
a) The city providing extra police and public safety support on game days is an example of a subsidy as it involves the provision of additional services to the sports franchise that are not typically provided to other businesses or organizations.
b) Charging the team less than market value rent for the use of a public-owned stadium represents a subsidy since the team is receiving a financial benefit by paying below the fair market rate.
c) Imposing lower property taxes on a privately-owned stadium compared to other private properties of similar value is also a form of subsidy, as it provides a financial advantage to the sports franchise by reducing their tax burden.
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What are the Objectives and Functions and responsibilities of Conventional Welfare State?
The objectives and functions and responsibilities of a conventional welfare state are to provide social security, reduce poverty, provide education, and healthcare services.
The conventional welfare state's objectives are to address the needs of its citizens through social welfare programs, social security, and policies to eliminate or decrease economic inequality. The conventional welfare state functions include the provision of basic necessities such as housing, education, and healthcare. The welfare state system is responsible for protecting citizens from poverty and unemployment by offering financial aid, job training, and other forms of assistance. The state is also responsible for providing its citizens with a sense of security and protection from natural disasters or emergencies.
The welfare state also aims to address the income gap and minimize the disparities between social classes by offering incentives, rebates, and progressive taxation policies. It also has a significant role in providing employment and maintaining stable economic conditions. The conventional welfare state is obligated to allocate its resources effectively, ensure efficiency in delivering services, and establish policies that promote social cohesion. In addition, the welfare state should promote self-reliance and self-sufficiency among its citizens while maintaining their dignity and human rights.
The welfare state should provide an environment that supports and encourages individuals and families to lead productive lives while ensuring social justice, social equality, and social solidarity. In conclusion, the conventional welfare state's responsibilities, objectives, and functions are directed toward enhancing the well-being of its citizens by providing basic necessities, social security, and policies that promote social cohesion and equality.
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An American investment trust will receive SGD 18,000. If the bid-ask rates for USD provided by a Singaporean bank are SGD 1.393 - 1.5266. How much U.S. dollars will the investment trust receive?
a. 12,921.75
b. 27,478.80
c. 25,074.00
d. 11,790.91
The investment trust will receive USD 12,921.75. To calculate this, we take the lower bid rate of SGD 1.393, divide SGD 18,000 by it, and then round down to the nearest cent. The calculation is: 18,000 ÷ 1.393 = 12,921.75.
The bid rate represents the amount of SGD needed to buy one USD. By dividing the given SGD amount by the bid rate, we can calculate the corresponding USD value. The lower bid rate is used because it ensures the investment trust receives the maximum USD amount for their SGD.
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An investment of 1200 is made into a fund at time 0 . The fund develops the following balances over the next four years. If 100 is invested at time 1, under the same interest rate environment, find the accumulated value of the 100 at time 4 to the nearest cent. Answer: Given a fund with the following effective rates: i
3
=.05 and i
4
=.035, what is the accumulated value at the end of year 4 for 2,000 invested in this fund at the beginning of year 3 (time =2 )? (nearest cent) Answer:
After doing calculations based on data given in question, the accumulated value of the 100 at time 4 is 121.55.
We can use the formula for future value of a single sum to calculate the accumulated value of the
100 at time 4. The formula is FV=PV x(1+i)^n
, where PV is the present value, i is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods. In this case, the present value is 100, the interest rate is 5%, and the number of periods is 3 (since we are calculating the accumulated value at time 4, which is 3 years after time 1). Plugging these values into the formula, we get
FV = 100x(1+0.05)³
=121.55.
The accumulated value at the end of year 4 for
2,000 invested in the fund at the beginning of year3 is2,261.78.
We can use the formula for future value of a single sum to calculate the accumulated value of the
2,000 at the end of year4. The formula is FV=PVx(1+i) ^n
, where PV is the present value, i is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the present value is2,000, the interest rate is 3.5%, and the number of periods is 2 (since we are calculating the accumulated value at the end of year 4, which is 2 years after the beginning of year 3). Plugging these values into the formula, we get
FV = 2,000x (1+0.035) ²
=2,261.78
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A corporation may issue shares to the general public. This type of corporation is usually referred to as a [place].
a public offering
b widely held corporation
A corporation that issues shares to the general public is usually referred to as a public offering.
A public offering, also known as an initial public offering (IPO), refers to the process in which a corporation offers its shares to the general public for the first time. It is a way for a private company to become a publicly traded corporation.
During a public offering, the corporation works with investment banks and underwriters to determine the offering price, create a prospectus outlining important information about the company, and market the shares to potential investors. The shares are then listed on a stock exchange, making them available for purchase by individual and institutional investors.
By conducting a public offering, the corporation can raise capital by selling shares to a large number of investors. This influx of capital can be used for various purposes, such as funding growth initiatives, paying off debt, or financing acquisitions. It also provides the company with increased visibility and liquidity, as its shares can be freely traded on the stock exchange.
Going public through a public offering involves complying with regulatory requirements and disclosing relevant financial and operational information to potential investors. This transparency is important in building investor confidence and ensuring fair and efficient markets.
Overall, a public offering allows a corporation to tap into the broader investor base and access capital from the public markets, facilitating growth and providing opportunities for investors to participate in the company's success.
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2. Decision Trees. A company, Spice of Life Ltd, produces award-winning spices in grinders. It has been creative about the combining of spices in the grinders. The products have been selling well in upmarket areas and the company is considering a new product line which reflects a new concept in the use of spices and will require the company to spend R2 million on initial promotion and test marketing at the current date, which is the end of 2021. If the test marketing phase of the project is successful, then the company will set up production in a year’s time, at the end of 2022, in a leased factory building at a cost of R6 million. This will be required to pay for equipment, fixtures, processes, and special storage facilities. There is a 67% chance that the test marketing phase will be successful. The new product line is expected to generate cash flows of R3.4 million per year for 4 years, from 2023 to 2026, when the concept is expected to become dated, and the product line will be deleted. If the test marketing is not successful, then the project will be abandoned. The company’s cost of capital is 12%. The expected residual value of the equipment, fixtures, and facilities in 5 years’ time is expected to be zero. Assume a zero-tax rate.
(a) Set out the decision tree diagram for the project.
(b) Determine whether the company should go ahead with the test marketing of the new product line.
(a) The decision tree diagram for the project can be set out as follows:
javascript
Copy code
/--------\
| Success |
\--------/
|
-------------------------
| |
/-----\ /--------\
| $0 | | Failure |
\-----/ \--------/
|
Abandon
(b) To determine whether the company should go ahead with the test marketing of the new product line, we need to calculate the expected present value (EPV) of the project.
Calculate the EPV if the test marketing phase is successful:
Initial cost: R2 million
Cash flows per year: R3.4 million (from 2023 to 2026)
Discount rate: 12%
Time period: 4 years
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, the EPV is calculated as:
EPV_success = R3.4 million * (1 - (1 + 0.12)^-4) / 0.12 = R9.603 million
Calculate the EPV if the test marketing phase fails (project abandoned):
The EPV in this case is zero since no cash flows are generated.
Calculate the overall EPV considering the probability of success:
Probability of success: 67%
Probability of failure: 33%
EPV = (EPV_success * Probability of success) + (EPV_failure * Probability of failure)
EPV = (R9.603 million * 0.67) + (0 * 0.33) = R6.428 million
Based on the calculated EPV of R6.428 million, which is greater than the initial cost of R2 million, the company should go ahead with the test marketing of the new product line.
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Which of the following is not a process of controlling? Analyses organizational performance Integrates employees efforts Checking of sales reports Develop monitoring systems
All these four are the processes of controlling that help the management to ensure that the organizational objectives are achieved successfully.
Controlling is the final stage of management and refers to the monitoring of organizational activities to ensure that everything is moving according to the plan. Managers are in charge of the controlling process to assure that employees are performing well, and resources are effectively utilized to accomplish objectives.
Controlling is crucial because it helps in the establishment of the organization’s overall performance, productivity, and competitive advantage. There are four essential processes of controlling, which include analysis of organizational performance, integrating employees’ efforts, the development of monitoring systems, and checking of sales reports.
Analysis of organizational performance is the process of reviewing the company's overall performance to identify where it is lacking, which helps in making necessary corrections. Integrating employees’ efforts, on the other hand, entails bringing employees’ efforts into alignment with the organization’s goals and objectives.
The development of monitoring systems is the process of developing tools or methods to monitor and regulate organizational activities. Lastly, checking of sales reports entails examining sales reports to identify which areas need improvement or further action.
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According to Harris, value traders:
a.
Buy and sell misvalued instruments
b.
Other
c.
Trade on price discrepancies between two or more markets
d.
Complete quick round-trip trades without assuming much inventory risk
e.
Offer liquidity to obtain better prices for trades they want to do
According to Harris, block dealers traders:
a.
Buy and sell misvalued instruments
b.
Offer liquidity to obtain better prices for trades they want to do
c.
Trade on price discrepancies between two or more markets
d.
Complete quick round-trip trades without assuming much inventory risk
e.
Other
Value traders and block dealers are two different types of traders in the financial market. According to Harris, both types of traders have their own distinctive features. Value traders generally focus on purchasing undervalued securities and selling them once their market value rises to realize a profit. They perform quick round-trip trades without assuming much inventory risk.
On the other hand, block dealer traders focus on buying and selling large blocks of securities, such as stocks and bonds. They typically trade with institutional clients, such as mutual funds and pension funds, and perform market-making services.
Quick round-trip trades are trades that are executed quickly, with the aim of generating a profit in a short period. Value traders perform such trades by looking for securities that are undervalued in the market, purchasing them, and then selling them once the market price increases.
Block dealers, on the other hand, perform market-making services, which involves buying and selling large blocks of securities at the bid and ask prices quoted by them. They do not usually hold any inventory positions, and their profits are generated through the bid-ask spread. Overall, value traders and block dealers play different roles in the financial market but both of these traders perform quick round-trip trades.
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To discourage the consumption of a product, the government should impose a tax on the consumers instead of the producers. Do you agree? Explain with a suitable market diagram.
The choice between taxing consumers or producers depends on the specific goals, effectiveness, and fairness considerations of the policy, as well as the characteristics of the market and the product in question.
The statement that the government should impose a tax on consumers instead of producers to discourage the consumption of a product is a matter of perspective and depends on the specific circumstances and goals of the policy. Both approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages.
When the government imposes a tax on consumers, it directly affects the price paid by consumers and reduces their purchasing power. This can lead to a decrease in demand and consumption of the product.
In terms of market diagram, imposing a tax on consumers shifts the demand curve downward by the amount of the tax, resulting in a new equilibrium with lower quantity demanded and a lower price received by producers.
One potential advantage of taxing consumers is that it may be easier to administer and enforce since consumers are more numerous and easily identifiable compared to producers. Additionally, it may be more politically acceptable as the burden of the tax falls directly on the end-users of the product.
However, there are also disadvantages to taxing consumers. It can be regressive, meaning it disproportionately affects low-income individuals who may spend a higher proportion of their income on the product. This can lead to issues of fairness and inequality.
Additionally, taxing consumers may have unintended consequences such as creating incentives for black market activities or reducing consumer welfare.
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A resident capital company has both Saudi and non-Saudi shareholders and its capital is divided between them equally 50% each .
Net income for 2019 was 2,000,000 SR and was adjusted according to the tax rules applicable in the kingdom is 2,200,000 SR.
Required:
Compute the tax amount to be paid by non-Saudi.
The non-Saudi shareholder's tax amount can be calculated by multiplying their share of the adjusted net income by the applicable tax rate.
Given that the capital of the resident capital company is divided equally between Saudi and non-Saudi shareholders (50% each), the non-Saudi shareholder's share of the net income is also 50%. The adjusted net income for 2019 is 2,200,000 SR. Therefore, the non-Saudi shareholder's share of the adjusted net income is 1,100,000 SR (50% of 2,200,000 SR).
To calculate the tax amount, the non-Saudi shareholder needs to apply the applicable tax rate. The tax rate may vary depending on the tax laws and regulations in the kingdom. Once the tax rate is determined, it can be multiplied by the non-Saudi shareholder's share of the adjusted net income (1,100,000 SR) to calculate the tax amount to be paid by the non-Saudi shareholder.
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a monopolist is said to have market power because:_______
A monopolist is said to have market power because it possesses the ability to influence market conditions and manipulate prices due to its exclusive control over the supply of a particular product or service.
Market power is the ability of a firm to alter the market price of a product or service by controlling the quantity supplied. In a monopoly, there is a single seller or producer in the market, giving them significant control over the supply of the product and allowing them to set prices at a level that maximizes their profits.
This control arises from factors such as barriers to entry, economies of scale, or exclusive access to resources or technology. As a result, the monopolist can restrict output, charge higher prices, and enjoy higher profits compared to a competitive market where no single firm has such dominance.
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The detailed analysis companies go through to determine all the technical and operational functionalities they need and desire in an ERP system is called
A. Impact analysis
B. Requirements analysis
C. Spend analysis
D. Fit/gap analysis
D. Fit/gap analysis is the detailed analysis companies undertake to determine the technical and operational functionalities they require and desire in an ERP system.
It involves identifying the "fit" between the organization's needs and the capabilities of the ERP system, as well as identifying any "gaps" where customization or additional functionality may be needed. This analysis helps companies evaluate whether an ERP system meets their specific requirements and identifies areas where customization or integration may be necessary.
Fit/gap analysis is a process where companies carefully assess their technical and operational needs and compare them against the functionalities offered by an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system. It involves analyzing how well the system aligns with the company's requirements and identifying any gaps or areas where the system falls short. By conducting this analysis, organizations can determine the extent to which the ERP system meets their needs and identify any areas that may require customization or additional functionality. It helps in making informed decisions about whether a particular ERP system is suitable or if modifications are needed to bridge the gaps between requirements and system capabilities.
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Consider a consumer with income M, who can buy good x1 at price p1 per unit and can buy good x2 at price p2 per unit. Consider a budget constraint diagram for this consumer, with quantity of good x1 measured along the horizontal axis and quantity of good x2 measured along the vertical axis. If p1 increases and p2 increases and M increases (though not necessarily by the same percentage), which of the following changes to the consumer's budget set definitely occur? The budget line slope becomes steeper The budget set becomes strictly larger None of these changes necessarily occur The budget line slope becomes flatter The budget set becomes strictly smaller
If p1 and p2 increase, and income M also increases (though not necessarily by the same percentage), none of the changes to the consumer's budget set necessarily occur.
The correct answer is "None of these changes necessarily occur." Let's examine the possible changes to the consumer's budget set and understand why.
1. The budget line slope becomes steeper: The slope of the budget line represents the relative prices of goods x1 and x2 (p1/p2). If both p1 and p2 increase, but the ratio p1/p2 remains the same, the slope of the budget line does not change. The relative prices between the two goods remain unchanged.
2. The budget set becomes strictly larger: The budget set represents all the affordable combinations of goods x1 and x2 given the consumer's income and prices. If both p1 and p2 increase, but the consumer's income M also increases, the size of the budget set can change. It depends on the magnitude of the changes in prices and income. Without specific information about the changes in prices and income, we cannot determine if the budget set becomes strictly larger or not.
3. The budget line slope becomes flatter: If p1 and p2 increase, but the ratio p1/p2 remains the same, the slope of the budget line does not change. Thus, the budget line does not become flatter.
4. The budget set becomes strictly smaller: Without specific information about the changes in prices and income, we cannot conclude that the budget set becomes strictly smaller. The changes in prices and income can affect the size and shape of the budget set in unpredictable ways.
Therefore, when p1 and p2 increase, and income M also increases, the changes to the consumer's budget set are not necessarily determined. It depends on the specific magnitudes of the changes in prices and income.
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T/F: leaders benefit most from followers who are helpers (most compliant) rather than rebels (least compliant)
Leaders benefit most from followers who are helpers (most compliant) rather than rebels (least compliant)" is true. This is because leaders in any organization require followers to achieve organizational objectives.
Followers are expected to comply with the policies, procedures, and rules of the organization to achieve optimal outcomes. However, leaders do not necessarily want followers who challenge their authority or do not follow the rules of the organization. Such followers are often disruptive and can undermine the authority of the leader. Therefore, leaders benefit most from followers who are helpers (most compliant) rather than rebels (least compliant). Leaders prefer compliant followers because they are more predictable, reliable, and consistent in their behavior. These followers are also more likely to help leaders achieve their objectives without causing disruptions.
In conclusion, followers who are compliant are preferred by leaders because they are reliable, consistent, and predictable in their behavior.
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At the beginning of the current period, Cullumber Co. had a balance of $95,000 in Accounts Receivable and a $6,650 credit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. In the period, it had net credit sales of $380,000 and collections of $343,425. It wrote off accounts receivable of $9,500 as uncollectible. After a $1,425 account was written off as uncolléctible, it was subsequently collected. This is in addition to the other cash collections. Based on an aging schedule, uncollectible accounts are estimated to be $7,500 at the end of the period. (a) Record sales and collections in the period. Ignore any inventory, cost of goods sold, and refund liability for the purposes of this question.
According to the given question, the Sales is $380,000. The collection is $343,425.
The required journal entries are as follows:
Journal entries for sales and collection in the period: Sales are recorded as a credit to sales and a debit to accounts receivable.
Accounts Receivable
Debit $380,000
SalesCredit $380,000
Collections are recorded as a debit to cash and a credit to accounts receivable.
Cash
Debit $343,425
Accounts Receivable
Credit $343,425
Journal entries for write-offs and collections in the period:
Write-offs decrease both accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra-asset account and is therefore credited when it decreases.
Accounts Receivable
Debit $9,500
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Credit $9,500
Collections from previously written-off accounts are recorded as a debit to accounts receivable and a credit to cash.
CashDebit $1,425
Accounts Receivable
Credit $1,425
Journal entry to record the estimation of uncollectible accounts:
Allowance for doubtful accounts is increased, which is recorded as a debit to bad debt expense and a credit to allowance for doubtful accounts.
Bad Debt ExpenseDebit $7,500
Allowance for Doubtful AccountsCredit $7,500
Thus, the recording of sales and collections are recorded in the journal as follows:
Accounts Receivable
Debit $380,000
Sales Credit $380,000
Cash Debit $343,425
Accounts Receivable Credit $343,425
The recording of write-offs and collections in the period are recorded in the journal as follows:
Accounts Receivable Debit $9,500
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Credit $9,500
Cash Debit $1,425
Accounts Receivable Credit $1,425
The estimation of uncollectible accounts is recorded in the journal as follows:
Bad Debt Expense Debit $7,500
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Credit $7,500.
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