A Monopolistically competitive firm does have excess capacity because its demand curve is downward sloping.
Economists have recognized four types of markets. Monopolistic competition, perfect competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Each has special qualities.
The benefits of monopolistic competition include a large number of businesses producing a distinctive good with no restrictions on entry into the market.
Because in the long term, D., the ATC of a monopolistically competitive firm is more than its minimum ATC, it has excess capacity.
A firm's capacity is maximized at the lowest Average Total Cost (ATC). If it has extra capacity, it can further reduce its cost. The Monopolistic Competition Market (MC) Equilibrium is located above the ATC minima in the graph below.
As a result, at equilibrium, the business in MC has excess capacity.
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A menu item costs a manager $2. 20 to produce. the manager wants to achieve a 40ood cost on the item. what should be this item's selling price?
If the manager wants to achieve a 40% food cost on the item the selling price should be $5.50.
Menu pricing approach that makes use of operation-wide facts to decide a dollar quantity that should be introduced to every main menu object's meals fee. There are steps to the system: 1. (overall nonfood price + target profit) ÷ variety of clients = Contribution margin, and 2. Contribution margin + meals cost = Menu price.
Cost price is the quantity paid to purchase an editorial or the price at which a piece of writing is made is known as its price rate. The cost charge is abbreviated as C.P. selling price: The rate at which an editorial is bought is known as its selling rate. The selling price is abbreviated as S.P.
The manufacturing cost is the full value incurred by means of a business to both produce a product and provide its services. Manufacturing costs normally encompass materials and raw materials that are fed on in the course of production, at the side of labor expenses.
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What is x-cel company's net income or net loss if it had revenue of $1,800, salary expense of $500, utility expense of $250, and withdrawals of $1,000 during october?
Answer: Net income of $50
Explanation:
net income is the sum of a business's cost of goods sold, expenses, interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization subtracted from total revenuenet loss occurs when the sum of total expenses is greater than the total revenue generated by the company or businessCan be calculated by adding expenses and subtracting them from total revenue:
[tex]500+250+1000 =[/tex] Total Expenses ($)
$1750 = Total expenses
$1800 > $1750
As a result of the revenue being greater than expenses the company will experience a net incomeSubtract total expenses from total revenue:
[tex]1800-1750[/tex] = Net income
$50 = Net income
In reviewing the purchase request package, you should ensure finding is available and?
In reviewing the purchase request package, you should ensure funding is available and required approvals and certifications have been obtained.
What is funding?The act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or initiative is known as funding. While this is normally in the form of money, it can also be in the form of an organization's or company's work or time.
Asset financing is the borrowing or lending of money using a company's balance sheet assets, such as short-term investments, inventory, and accounts receivable. The corporation borrowing the funds is required to give the lender a security interest in the assets.
Retained earnings, borrowed capital, and equity capital are the primary sources of finance. Retained earnings from business operations are used by companies to expand or deliver dividends to shareholders. Businesses generate capital by either borrowing from a bank privately or going public.
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Rather than relying on inspections to ensure quality, problems should be_____ out of a product or process
Rather than relying on inspections to ensure quality, problems should be designed out of a product or process.
Identification of a market opportunity, precise problem definition, creation of a suitable solution, and user validation of that solution are all steps in the process of product design.
A strategy for problem-solving in practice is design thinking. Design thinking has gained popularity as a method of producing goods since it was first popularized by IDEO's David Kelley and Tim Brown.This strategy combines the principles and practices of human-centered design into one overarching philosophy.
Because design thinking is concerned with the entire product development process and not just the "design phase," good designers have always applied it to the creation of products, whether they are physical or digital.
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What does glenny mean when he says "hackers are only one element in a cybercriminal enterprise, and often they’re the most vulnerable element of all?"
Glenny is saying that these hackers' motivations for doing what they do are a result of their upbringing and other experiences that have shaped who they are. Refresh your knowledge of both new and ancient hacker kinds. In the field of information security, there are three well-known categories of hackers: black hats, white hats, and grey hats.
In an effort to set themselves apart from one another and distinguish the good hackers from the evil, hackers created these colored hat descriptors. The majority of cyberattacks target small and medium-sized businesses. Unlike huge corporations, which are financially and materially capable of funding cyber security.
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The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions is referred to as.
The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions is referred to as Human capital.
What is Human capital?Human capital is a term used by social scientists to describe personal characteristics that are seen to be valuable in the manufacturing process. It includes employee knowledge, abilities, and know-how, as well as good health and education.
The various types of human capital
Human capital is classified into three types: knowledge capital, social capital, and emotional capital.
Human capital is a measure of the economic value provided by an employee's knowledge, skills, and abilities. Total human capital costs account for over 70% of a company's operational expenses on average.
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What makes the demand for u. s. dollars change? in world demand for u. s. exports ______ the demand for u. s. dollars. a in the u. s. interest rate differential ______ the demand for u. s. dollars
Increasing world demand for U.S. exports increases the demand for U.S. dollars. A rise in the U.S. interest rate differential increases the demand for U.S. dollars.
The official money of the United States of America is the USD (United States dollar). One hundred cents make up one dollar, often known as the U.S. dollar. It is distinguished from other currencies based on the dollar by the symbol $ or US$.
A country's currency will be in great demand if its exports exceed its imports since more people will want to buy its products. According to supply and demand economics, prices increase and the value of the currency increases when demand is high. Generally speaking, a country's currency will appreciate at higher interest rates. Higher interest rates frequently draw foreign investment, which raises both demand for and the value of the currency of the host nation.
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If long run average total cost decreases as output increases, the firm is experiencing:_______.
If long-run average total cost decreases as output increases, the firm is experiencing economies of scale.
In summary, economies of scale refer to situations in which the long-run average cost decreases as a firm's production increases. A striking example of economies of scale can be found in the chemical industry.
Economies of scale refer to the phenomenon in which the average cost per unit of production decreases as the size or scale of the product produced by a firm increases.
This is an example of a natural monopoly. The most efficient number of companies is one. Further economies of scale arise when manufacturing complex products such as automobiles. The manufacturing process involves various complex steps.
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If you add two more people to a project team of five, how many more communication channels will you add?
If you add two more people to a project team of five, 18 more communication channels will you add.
A communication channel is a medium between two people communicating. As people increases in communication, the number of channels increases. The increased channel creates more complexity in communications as people get more paths to communicate with each other. Hence, to calculate the number of communication channels, there is a formula derived:
Communication channels can be divided into three main channels: (1) verbal, (2) written, and (3) non-verbal. Each of these communication channels has different strengths and weaknesses, and often more than one channel can be used at once.
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Pesto Company possesses 80 percent of Salerno Company's outstanding voting stock. Pesto uses the initial value method to account for this investment. On January 1, 2017, Pesto sold 9 percent bonds payable with a $10 million face value (maturing in 20 years) on the open market at a premium of $600,000. On January 1, 2020, Salerno acquired 40 percent of these same bonds from an outside party at 96.6 percent of face value. Both companies use the straight-line method of amortization. For a 2021 consolidation, what adjustment should be made to Pesto's beginning Retained Earnings as a result of this bond acquisition?
a. $474,800 increase b. $460,800 increase c. $489,600 increase d. $467,800 increase
The adjustment that should be made to Pesto's beginning Retained Earnings as a result of this bond acquisition team is B. $460,800 increase
How to calculate the amount?From the information, it was stated that Pesto Company possesses 80 percent of Salerno Company's outstanding voting stock. Pesto uses the initial value method to account for this investment. On January 1, 2017, Pesto sold 9 percent bonds payable with a $10 million face value (maturing in 20 years) on the open market at a premium of $600,000.
The book value will be:
= 18500000 + 700000
= 19200000
The Amortization will be $105000 and cash received is $7148400.
The adjustment will be:
= $489600 + $652000 + $666000 + $14800
= $460800
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demand"" is a series of _______ and the related quantities that consumers are willing and able to buy at a particular point in time.
Demand" is a sequence of prices and the associated quantities that purchasers are willing and capable to buy at a particular point in time.
Call for concept describes the way that modifications in the amount of an amazing or carrier demanded via clients affect its rate in the market, The theory states that the better the charge of a product is, all else identical, the much less of it'll be demanded, inferring a downward sloping demand curve.
Call for is the number of purchasers who are willing and capable to shop for merchandise at diverse prices throughout a given time frame. call for any commodity implies the customers' desire to accumulate the coolest, the willingness and ability to pay for it.
The law of supply and demand is a theory that explains the interplay between the sellers of a resource and the buyers of that useful resource. The idea defines the relationship between the charge of a given appropriate product and the willingness of humans to either purchase or sell it.
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It is common and preferred practice for suppliers to arrange shipment to a purchaser and simply include?
It is common and preferred practice for suppliers to arrange shipment to a purchaser and simply include the transportation cost as part of the purchase cost.
Suppliers while arranging shipment to a purchaser usually include transportation costs as part of the purchase cost because transportation costs are all the expenses related to the transportation of raw materials, finished products, and employees.
These costs usually include the money behind making sure all moving parts get where they need to be so the customers get their product or service on the estimated time.
Hence, transportation costs affect directly the price of goods and services and the profits of producers.
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Among the hurdles small businesses must overcome in starting to operate gloablly are:______.
Among the hurdles small businesses must overcome in starting to operate globally are understanding cultural differences, bureaucratic paperwork and difficulty finding financing.
Generally speaking, a small business is a privately held corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship with fewer employees and lower yearly income than a corporation or regular-sized business. According to the Small Business Association, a micro firm is a subset of a small business that has fewer than 10 employees, whereas small enterprises can have up to 500 workers.
Small companies are the second largest employer in the Indian economy after agriculture. Small firms create the most jobs per dollar of investment in capital when compared to large organizations. They are the second-largest employers in the human resources sector as a result.
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Please reflect on how the money multiplier concept can be an important tool of both expansionary as well as contractionary monetary policy for any central bank such as the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank?
The money multiplier concept is an important tool for both expansionary and contractionary monetary policies for any central bank such as the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank.
What is the money multiplier concept?The money multiplier concept describes the quantity of money created by banks through the interaction of bank deposits and reserve ratios.
When the U.S. Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply, it reduces the reserve ratio and vice versa.
Thus, the money multiplier concept is an important tool for both expansionary and contractionary monetary policies for any central bank such as the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank.
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By about 2050, the ___________ populations in _____________ are expected to boom
By about 2050, the elderly populations in low income countries are expected to boom.
Increases in life expectancy are seen across all regions of the globe. It is now common for people to live into their sixties and beyond. The global population as a whole is growing older, and the fraction of the population that is elderly is increasing in every country.
By the year 2030, one in every six persons on Earth will be 60 or older. The proportion of people aged 60 and up will grow from 1 billion in 2020 to 1.4 billion in 2050. A doubling of the world's population aged 60 and up by 2050 is projected (2.1 billion). By 2050, the global population of people aged 80 and more is projected to increase to 426 million, having tripled between 2020 and then.
Although the phenomenon of population ageing was first observed in high-income nations (for instance, in Japan 30% of the population is already over 60 years old), it is now mostly affecting low- and middle-income countries. Nearly two-thirds of the world's elderly will reside in low- and middle-income nations by 2050.
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When someone travels for business often, but calls his or her spouse every day they are apart, this is an example of a(n) ______.
When someone travels for business often, but calls his or her spouse every day they are apart, this is an example of a(n) Introspective unit
What do you understand by Introspective?
Direct evidence of a relationship's existence while a partner isn't present physically, such as texting
Why is communication so hard in relationships?
Most of the time, we don't even completely understand how we feel or what we want from relationships. It is so much easier to focus on our partner's behavior and place the blame there rather than taking a careful look inside and paying close attention to our own wants and feelings.
Why communication breaks down in a relationship?
The breakdown of communication between the partners in a relationship can occasionally be brought on by recurring disagreements or stresses over a number of topics. Such a breakdown in communication frequently results in "toxic," unhealthy patterns of behavior in which the couples interact with one another in a cruel and counterproductive way.
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A purchase order form pertains to the payroll department.
a. false
b. true
A purchase order form pertains to the payroll department.
Ans. False.
Payroll in a business is the total of all financial records for an employee's salary, wages, bonuses, and deductions. Payroll in accounting refers to the sums paid to employees for services rendered during a specific time period.
For many reasons, payroll is important to a business. Payroll is important from an accounting standpoint since it significantly affects most businesses; net profits and is subject to laws and regulations, along with payroll taxes.
Payment is a crucial department from the perspective of business ethics because employees react negatively to inconsistencies and errors in payroll; for there to be excellent employee morale, payroll must be paid on time and correctly. The payroll department's main responsibility is to make sure that all employees receive accurate and timely payments with the proper withholdings and deductions, and that the withholdings and deductions are submitted on time. This covers salary payments, tax deductions, and paycheck withholdings.
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At what interest rate does the demand curve for reserves become perfectly elastic?
At the interest rate the Fed pays on banks' reserve balances, interest rate does the demand curve for reserves become perfectly elastic.
The central banking system of the United States of America is the Federal Reserve System, usually referred to as the Federal Reserve or just the Fed.
With the passage of the Federal Reserve Act on December 23, 1913, it was established in response to the need for centralized control of the monetary system to prevent financial crises following a string of financial panics, including the Panic of 1907.
The Federal Reserve System's functions and responsibilities have grown over time as a result of occasions like the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession in the 2000s.
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Among all high-income countries, which consistently has the lowest long-run unemployment rate in the past 30 years?
Among all high-income countries, Japan consistently has the lowest long-run unemployment rate in the past 30 years
This is further explained below.
What is unemployment?Generally, Japan has continuously maintained the world's lowest long-run unemployment rate during the last 30 years, outperforming all other high-income nations.
In conclusion, A person is considered to be unemployed if they are making an effort to obtain job but have been unsuccessful in their efforts. The rate of unemployment is often regarded as an important indicator of the state of the economy.
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What are the tax advantages of substituting fringe benefits for salary paid to a shareholder-employee?
The shareholder-employee can exclude these sums from personal taxation and the corporation can claim a deduction for the cost.
What is Fringe Benefit?Unless the law expressly excludes it, any fringe benefit you give the recipient is taxable and must be factored into their salary. The exclusions that pertain to particular fringe benefits are discussed in Section 2. Taxable benefits are those that are not exempt from the regulations outlined in section 2.
Are Fringe Benefits Taxable?Basic things are frequently a part of hiring packages and constitute common fringe benefits. Health care, life insurance, financial aid for school, daycare, cafeteria expenses, cafeteria subsidies, below-market loans, employee discounts, employee stock options, and the use of a corporate vehicle for personal use are a few of these.
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What must be true for a local law enforcement officer or abc agent to inspect an establishment that serves alcohol?.
Laws governing their production, importation, sale, possession, and usage are enforced by law enforcement agencies. State and municipal law enforcement authorities are responsible for enforcing alcohol-related legislation.
What is Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority (ABC)?An Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority (ABC) is responsible for enforcing ABC legislation, with a focus on promoting public safety by establishing a well-organized, controlled system for easy sales and responsible alcohol consumption.
Officers from the alcohol enforcement division are on hand to respond to inquiries and provide knowledge. These agents/officers are entitled to inspect establishments with ABC permits in the following ways:
they may inspect all areas of the licensed premises; they may take such a enforcement action for unlawful activities mostly on licensed premises, for example but not largely confined to issuing law breaker citations and administrative violations; and they may inspect the permittee's books and records.Any sworn law enforcement personnel (peace officers) with the authority to make arrests include cops, deputy sheriffs, and ABC Agents.
Therefore, laws governing their production, importation, sale, possession, and usage are enforced by law enforcement agencies. State and municipal law enforcement authorities are responsible for enforcing alcohol-related legislation.
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You have a company with 3x senior leverage and 5x junior leverage, what happens when you sell a business for 9x ebitda?
It's a de-leveraging transaction because pro-forma the company will have a lower total debt to EBITDA ratio.
On a firm basis, it has a neutral impact, but it is de-leveraging on a senior debt basis.
What is EBITDA leverage?
The debt to EBITDA ratio is a leverage metric that measures the amount of income that is available to pay down debt before covering interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization expenses.
Is a higher or lower EBITDA better?
The total EBITDA margin will be around 10%. The EBITDA margin shows how much operating expenses are eating into a company's gross profit. In the end, the higher the EBITDA margin, the less risky a company is considered financially.
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An investor buys a call at a price of $4. 50 with an exercise price of $40. at what stock price will the investor break even on the purchase of the call? (round your answer to 2 decimal places. )
Break-even price of call option = Exercise price + Premium Paid
So,
Break-even Stock Price = 40 + 4.50 = $44.50
A stock market, stock market, or stock market, is a collection of buyers and sellers of shares (also called stocks) that represent ownership of a company. This includes securities listed on public stock exchanges and stocks that trade only privately. B. Private company shares are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investments are typically made with an investment strategy in mind.
shares can be classified according to the country in which the company is located. For example, Nestlé and Novartis are based in Switzerland and traded on the SIX Swiss Exchange, so they can be considered part of the Swiss stock market. ) on the U.S. Stock Exchange.
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The discounted cash flow valuation shows that higher cash flows earlier in a project's life are?
The discounted cash flow valuation shows that higher cash flows earlier in a project's life are more valuable than higher cash flows later on.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF): What Is It?
The value of an investment is calculated using the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach based on the projected future cash flows. Using predictions of how much money investment will make in the future, DCF analysis aims to determine the value of the investment today.
This holds true for business owners and managers trying to decide on capital budgeting or operating expenses, as well as for investors in firms or securities, such as those intending to acquire a company or a stock.
The formula for Discounted Cash Flows (DCF)
The DCF formula is:
[tex]DCF = \frac{CF_{1} }{(1+r)^{1} } + \frac{CF_{2} }{(1+r)^{2} } + \frac{CF_{n} }{(1+r)^{n} }[/tex]
where CF 1 is the cash flow for the first year.
CF2 stands for the year two cash flow.
CFn = The cash flow forecast for subsequent years
Discount rate = r.
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A monopoly is likely to _______ and _______ than otherwise equivalent competitive firms.
A monopoly is likely to Produce Less and Charge More than otherwise equivalent competitive firms.
The monopoly charges high because it does not have any competitors
The monopoly produces less because businesses do not have any other suppliers that offer the same product.
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The moving to opportunity study found that the neighborhood one grew up in had a measurable impact on later income.
a. true
b. false
It is true that the moving to opportunity study found that the neighborhood one grew up in had a measurable impact on later income.
Random assignment to the two the moving to opportunity study groups offered the chance to move with housing vouchers succeeded in helping families live in lower-poverty, safer neighborhoods, with some modest declines in neighborhood racial segregation as well.
Some of the key findings in the 10-15 year the moving to opportunity study data are as follows:
• MTO improved physical health: adults offered housing vouchers have a lower prevalence of severe obesity and diabetes.
• MTO improved mental health in areas such as depression and psychological distress.
• MTO had little to no effect on economic self-sufficiency
• MTO had little to no measured effect on physical health.
• MTO improved mental health for females but not for males. Females in the low-poverty voucher group had lower prevalence of psychological distress, mood disorders, panic attacks, and defiant disorder and fewer serious emotional or behavioral difficulties.
• MTO had no detectable effects on math and reading achievement.
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What are typical maturities, denominations, and interest payments of a corporate bond? what mechanisms protect bondholders?
Maturity of the bonds : Generally the maturity period of the corporate bonds is differentiating between 10 to 30 years of time period.
Denomination : The denomination in which the corporate bonds are issued is the value of $1000.
Interest payments: The interest payments are the payments of some fixed percentage of the value of the bond. Interest is either paid annually or it can be paid semi-annually by the corporates.
The mechanism which is used to protect the bondholders includes indenture of the bond. It contains the following points to protect the bondholders:
Collateral which was provided to the bondholders
Sinking fund policy of the bonds.
The restrictive promise of exchange for the bondholders.
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Dark pools are operated by:_____.
a. nyse and nasdaq
b. institutional investors
c. institutional broker-dealers
d. the federal reserve
Investors from the institutional sector run dark pools. A dark pool also referred to as a black pool, would be a hidden exchange where securities, derivatives, as well as other financial items, can be traded. The liquidity on these exchanges is known as "dark pool liquidity."
The majority of dark pools trade are substantial transactions by financial institutions that are made outside of open markets to maintain their confidentiality and escape scrutiny of the broader investing public.
Dark pools were made possible by fragmentation of computerized trading platforms, and they are accessed by investors through crossover networks or directly by market participants.
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When you schedule ________ exclusively, you avoid the additional costs of coordination and communication when new people are added.
When you schedule overtime exclusively, you avoid the additional costs of coordination and communication when new people are added.
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person, or group to another. Every communication involves (at least) one sender, a message, and a recipient. Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means, including speech.
Good communication skills are essential to allow others and yourself to understand information more accurately and quickly.
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Hr-to-employee ratio is classified as a(n) __________ metric of human resources.
HR-to-employee ratio is classified as a(n) HR Staff and Expenses metric of human resources.
The department of a company tasked with discovering, vetting, hiring, and training job applicants is known as human resources (HR). Additionally, it manages benefit plans for employees. In the twenty-first century, HR is critical to helping businesses adapt to a business climate that is changing quickly and to the increased demand for qualified workers.
The phrase "human resource" was originally used by American institutional economist John R. Commons in his 1893 book The Distribution of Wealth. However, HR divisions were not legally established until the 20th century and given the responsibility of resolving conflicts between workers and their employers.
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