The correct answer is (c). The social factor that is affecting the decision-making process of hockey fans in this scenario is the reference group.
A reference group is a social group to which individuals compare themselves and use as a basis for evaluating their own attitudes, behaviors, and purchasing decisions. In the given scenario, the endorsement of NHL superstars by the hockey equipment manufacturing company creates a reference group for ice hockey fans.
The influence of the reference group is based on the principle of social influence and conformity, where individuals are influenced by the attitudes, behaviors, and preferences of those they perceive as important or similar to themselves.
While other social factors, such as culture and the affective or behavioral components of attitudes, can also play a role in decision-making, the reference group stands out as the most relevant social factor in this scenario, as it directly involves the influence of admired NHL superstars on the purchasing decisions of ice hockey fans.
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The managers of SL Green Realty do not focus on the value maximization of commercial properties they own because the believe this leads to short-term thinking and decisions that would curtail investments in large projects. True or False
The given statement: "The managers of SL Green Realty do not focus on the value maximization of commercial properties they own because they believe this leads to short-term thinking and decisions that would curtail investments in large projects" is FALSE. `
The given statement: "The managers of SL Green Realty do not focus on the value maximization of commercial properties they own because they believe this leads to short-term thinking and decisions that would curtail investments in large projects" is FALSE. SL Green Realty is a commercial real estate firm that focuses on value maximization of commercial properties that they own. This is evident from the following statements: SL Green Realty Investment Strategy"
We invest in high-quality, well-located assets, focusing on long-term growth and maximizing value through active asset management and the implementation of disciplined leasing strategies. "SL Green Realty Property Management"
The value of a commercial property is not solely determined by its location, architecture, and features; it is also driven by the quality of its management. At SL Green, we take pride in the fact that we have one of the best property management teams in the business. We understand that a well-run building not only increases tenant satisfaction but also maximizes value for our investors. "SL Green Realty Acquisitions"
We have an experienced team of professionals who are constantly seeking opportunities to acquire high-quality, well-located assets at prices that will allow us to create value for our shareholders. Through disciplined underwriting, we are able to identify opportunities that others may overlook and structure transactions that meet our investment criteria. "Therefore, it can be concluded that the managers of SL Green Realty focus on value maximization of commercial properties they own and this does not lead to short-term thinking and decisions that would curtail investments in large projects.
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TRUE / FALSE.
"High uncertainty avoidance means that members of a society are
likely to feel uncomfortable in unpredictable situations.
High uncertainty avoidance refers to a cultural trait where individuals in a society tend to experience discomfort or unease when confronted with unpredictable or uncertain situations.
In societies with high uncertainty avoidance, individuals generally prefer structure, rules, and well-defined guidelines that provide a sense of stability and security. They seek to minimize ambiguity and prefer clear expectations and established routines. Unpredictable situations, such as rapid changes or unfamiliar circumstances, can evoke anxiety and unease among members of such societies. This cultural characteristic often leads to a preference for formalized procedures, strict adherence to rules and regulations, and a resistance to change. Decision-making processes may involve extensive planning and consideration of all possible outcomes to mitigate uncertainty. Additionally, high uncertainty avoidance can be reflected in risk-averse behaviors and a preference for job security and stable career paths. It is important to note that different societies and individuals may vary in their level of uncertainty avoidance. While some cultures may exhibit high uncertainty avoidance, others may embrace uncertainty and view it as an opportunity for growth and innovation. Understanding and acknowledging these cultural differences can be valuable in various contexts, such as cross-cultural interactions, business operations, and global collaborations.
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q4
The sale of additional securities by a firm whose securities are already publicly traded, called: a. Preemptive right b. Gross Proceedings c. Seasoned Offering d. Initial Public Offering
The correct answer is option c :Seasoned Offering.
A seasoned offering is the sale of additional securities by a firm whose securities are already publicly traded. A seasoned offering is also known as a follow-on or secondary offering, and it occurs when an issuer goes back to the public markets to sell more stock in order to raise capital.
In contrast, an initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of securities by a company to the public, and it usually takes place when the company is relatively new and unknown.
Additional Securities:
Additional securities are financial assets such as stocks, bonds, or options that an investor can purchase to increase their holdings.They are securities that an investor acquires after the initial purchase of securities.
Gross Proceeds:
Gross proceeds refer to the total amount of money received from the sale of securities during an offering. It is calculated by multiplying the number of shares sold by the price per share.
IPO:
An initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of stock by a company to the public.Companies use IPOs to raise capital to grow their business and pay off debt.
An IPO also provides the opportunity for early investors to cash out their investments by selling their shares.
Seasoned Offering:
A seasoned offering is the sale of additional securities by a firm whose securities are already publicly traded. This type of offering is also known as a follow-on or secondary offering. The goal of a seasoned offering is to raise additional capital by selling more stock to the public.
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Introduction - Empathize
Creativity and Design Thinking (identify the vertical for engineering products and opportunities - The design of Thinking - Human-centred approach to innovation – Principles Of design Thinking for technology - Process of Design Thinking .
Activity 1 : Student must choose a company which has used Design thinking and make a presentation
The process of design thinking typically involves several stages, including empathizing, defining the problem, ideating, prototyping, and testing. Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that focuses on understanding users' needs, generating creative ideas, and iteratively designing solutions.
In today's rapidly evolving world, creativity and design thinking have become essential elements in developing innovative engineering products and identifying new opportunities. Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that focuses on understanding users' needs, generating creative ideas, and iteratively designing solutions. By incorporating design thinking principles, engineers can create products that truly resonate with users and address their challenges effectively.
The process of design thinking typically involves several stages, including empathizing, defining the problem, ideating, prototyping, and testing. At the core of design thinking is the emphasis on empathizing with users to gain deep insights into their experiences, desires, and pain points. This empathetic understanding forms the foundation for generating meaningful and innovative solutions.
One interesting activity for students is to choose a company that has successfully utilized design thinking in its product development process. They can research and analyze how the company applied design thinking principles, the specific challenges they addressed, and the impact of their innovative solutions. This research can then be compiled into a presentation that highlights the company's approach to design thinking, showcases the outcomes of its efforts, and provides insights into the benefits of incorporating design thinking in engineering and product development.
By engaging in this activity, students can gain a practical understanding of how design thinking is applied in real-world scenarios and learn from successful examples. It encourages them to think critically about the design process, understand the importance of user-centricity, and explore the power of creativity and innovation in engineering. Ultimately, this activity helps students develop a broader perspective on the role of design thinking in shaping the future of engineering products and solutions.
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The continuously compounded risk-free rate is 4%. You can enter into a forward contract to sell 100 shares at $102.30 per share in 6 months time. The current share price is $100. Devise an arbitrage strategy to make money out of this. How much money do you make per share?
The potential profit per share from the arbitrage strategy is $0.32. So, the correct answer is $0.32.
To devise an arbitrage strategy, we need to compare the forward contract price with the expected future spot price. If there is a discrepancy, we can exploit it to make risk-free profits.
In this case, the forward contract allows you to sell 100 shares at $102.30 per share in 6 months. The current share price is $100. To determine if there is an arbitrage opportunity, we calculate the expected future spot price using the continuously compounded risk-free rate.
Future spot price = Current spot price * e^(risk-free rate * time)
Future spot price = $100 * e^(0.04 * 0.5) ≈ $101.98
Comparing the expected future spot price ($101.98) with the forward contract price ($102.30), we can see that the forward price is higher. This creates an arbitrage opportunity.
Arbitrage strategy:
1. Short sell 100 shares at the current spot price of $100.
2. Enter into the forward contract to sell 100 shares at $102.30.
3. Invest the proceeds from the short sale at the risk-free rate of 4%.
After 6 months:
- If the future spot price is below $102.30, execute the forward contract and cover the short position to make a profit.
- If the future spot price is above $102.30, let the forward contract expire and cover the short position using the investment proceeds.
The amount of money made per share depends on the difference between the forward price and the future spot price. In this case, the potential profit per share is $0.32 ($102.30 - $101.98).
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Please solve for the equilibrium quantity in the following competitive market, where Qd is quantity demanded and Qs is quantity supplied:
P = 135 - 4*Qd
P = 28 + 6*Qs
Please round to one decimal place.
The equilibrium quantity in this aggressive market is approximately 10.7 (rounded to one decimal place).
To find the equilibrium quantity, we need to set the quantity demanded (Qd) identical to the amount furnished (Qs) and clear up for Q.
Given:
Qd = Qs
P = 135 - 4Qd
P = 28 + 6Qs
Since Qd = Qs, we are able to replace Qd with Qs in the equations:
135 - 4Qd = 28 + 6Qd
Now, allow's resolve for Q:
135 - 4Q = 28 + 6Q
Combine like phrases:
10Q = 107
Divide both facets through 10:
Q = 10.7
Therefore, the equilibrium quantity in this aggressive market is approximately 10.7 (rounded to one decimal place).
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Bellucci Corporation has provided the following information:
Cost per Unit Cost per Period
Direct materials $ 6.95
Direct labor $ 4.00
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 1.45
Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 109,800
Sales commissions $ 1.05
Variable administrative expense $ 0.75
Fixed selling and administrative expense $ 40,050 The incremental manufacturing cost that the company will incur if it increases production from 9000 to 9001 units is closest to (assume that the increase is within the relevant range):
$27.60
$30.85
$24.60
$12.40
2.
Vegas Company has the following unit costs:
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 25
Direct materials 20
Direct labor 19
Fixed manufacturing overhead 12
Variable marketing and administrative 7
Vegas produced and sold 10,000 units. If the product sells for $100, what is the operating profit under full absorption costing?
$360,000
$170,000
$290,000
$240,000
3.
Erkkila Inc. reports that at an activity level of 6500 machine-hours in a month, its total variable inspection cost is $423,830 and its total fixed inspection cost is $158,372.
What would be the average fixed inspection cost per unit at an activity level of 6800 machine-hours in a month? Assume that this level of activity is within the relevant range.
$40.84
$24.36
$89.57
$23.29
4.
During April, the Meade Enterprises had the following operating results:
Sales revenue $ 1,500,000
Gross margin $ 600,000
Ending work-in-process inventory $ 50,000
Beginning work-in-process inventory $ 80,000
Ending finished goods inventory $ 100,000
Beginning finished goods inventory $ 125,000
Marketing costs $ 250,000
Administrative costs $ 150,000
What is the cost of goods manufactured for April?
$925,000
$875,000
$905,000
$900,000
1. The incremental manufacturing cost that Bellucci Corporation will incur if it increases production from 9000 to 9001 units is closest to $24.60.
2. The operating profit under full absorption costing for Vegas Company, which produced and sold 10,000 units with a selling price of $100, is $290,000.
3. The average fixed inspection cost per unit at an activity level of 6800 machine-hours for Erkkila Inc. is approximately $23.29.
4. The cost of goods manufactured for Meade Enterprises in April is $875,000.
1. To calculate the incremental manufacturing cost, we need to consider the variable costs that will increase with the additional unit. The incremental manufacturing cost per unit is the sum of the variable costs per unit, which in this case is $6.95 (direct materials) + $4.00 (direct labor) + $1.45 (variable manufacturing overhead), equaling $12.40.
2. The operating profit under full absorption costing is calculated by subtracting the total cost of goods sold from the total sales revenue. The cost of goods sold includes the variable and fixed manufacturing costs, which in this case is $25 (variable manufacturing overhead) + $20 (direct materials) + $19 (direct labor) + $12 (fixed manufacturing overhead), equaling $76 per unit. Multiply this by the number of units sold (10,000) to get the total cost of goods sold ($760,000). Subtracting this from the total sales revenue ($100 x 10,000 = $1,000,000) yields an operating profit of $240,000.
3. To find the average fixed inspection cost per unit, we divide the total fixed inspection cost ($158,372) by the number of units (6500), resulting in approximately $24.36.
4. The cost of goods manufactured can be calculated by adding the beginning work-in-process inventory ($80,000) to the total manufacturing costs, which is the sum of the direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. The total manufacturing costs are $600,000 (gross margin) + $50,000 (ending work-in-process inventory) - $125,000 (beginning finished goods inventory) + $100,000 (ending finished goods inventory), equaling $625,000. Adding the beginning work-in-process inventory gives a total cost of goods manufactured of $705,000. However, since the beginning work-in-process inventory is already included in the calculation, we subtract it to get the correct figure, resulting in a cost of goods manufactured of $875,000.
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Consider the following Cournot duopoly. Both firms produce a homogenous good. The demand function is Q=25−P, where Q is the total quantity produced. Firm 1
′
's marginal cost is C
1
=3. Firm 2's marginal cost of production is C
2
H
=4 with probability 0.3 and c
2
L
=2 with probability 0.7. Firm 2 knows its own cost function and firm 1 's cost function. Firm 1 knows its own cost function and the probability distribution of firm 2's marginal cost. In a Bayesan NE, the strategy of firm 2 is: 165/30 7.2 (6,8) (6.9,7.9)
In a Bayesian Nash equilibrium (BNE) of the Cournot duopoly game described, the strategy of firm 2 is (6,8). Firm 2's optimal production quantity is 6 units at 0.3 high cost and 8 units at 0.7 low cost.
In a Bayesian Nash equilibrium, each firm maximizes its expected profit given its beliefs about the other firm's strategy. Firm 2, knowing its own cost function and firm 1's cost function, decides its optimal production quantities based on its cost realization probabilities.
When firm 2's high cost is realized with a probability of 0.3, it chooses to produce 6 units as it has a higher marginal cost of production compared to firm 1.
When firm 2's low cost is realized with a probability of 0.7, it chooses to produce 8 units, leveraging its lower marginal cost advantage over firm 1.
This strategy allows firm 2 to optimize its expected profit by adjusting its production quantity based on the realization of its own cost.
By considering its cost distribution and firm 1's cost function, firm 2 can determine the quantities that maximize its profit under different cost scenarios, resulting in the strategy of (6,8) in the Bayesian Nash equilibrium.
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If you were Ferguson, how will you meet both your goals as far
as Staples is concerned? (Clique Pens case study).
By focusing on providing value, continuous improvement, innovation, and effective communication, Ferguson can work towards meeting both his goals of maintaining a strong business relationship and securing a long-term contract with Staples.
In the Clique Pens case study, Ferguson has two goals regarding Staples: to maintain a strong business relationship and secure a long-term contract. To achieve these goals, Ferguson needs to focus on building a mutually beneficial partnership with Staples based on trust, value, and continuous improvement.
To meet both goals, Ferguson can adopt the following strategies:
Providing exceptional value: Ferguson should ensure that Clique Pens offers high-quality products at competitive prices. By consistently delivering reliable and innovative writing instruments, Clique Pens can demonstrate its commitment to meeting Staples' needs and providing value to their customers. This can help foster a strong business relationship based on trust and reliability.
Continuous improvement and innovation: Ferguson should prioritize ongoing improvement and innovation in product design, manufacturing processes, and sustainability practices. By proactively identifying areas for enhancement and implementing innovative solutions, Clique Pens can stay ahead of competitors and offer Staples new and improved products. This showcases Clique Pens' commitment to meeting changing market demands and providing Staples with cutting-edge writing instruments.
Additionally, Ferguson should establish open lines of communication with Staples to understand their evolving requirements and anticipate their future needs. By actively engaging with Staples, Ferguson can tailor Clique Pens' offerings and services to align with Staples' strategic objectives. This demonstrates Clique Pens' willingness to adapt and collaborate, strengthening the partnership and increasing the chances of securing a long-term contract.
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When companies are unable to choose a transfer-pricing method which meets the requirements of the divisions concerned, they may use :
1. dual pricing.
2. cost pricing.
3. market pricing.
4. situational pricing.
5. pro-rating pricing.
When companies are unable to meet the requirements of divisions with existing transfer-pricing methods, they may resort to options such as dual pricing, cost pricing, market pricing, situational pricing, or pro-rating pricing to determine transfer prices based on specific needs and circumstances.
When companies are unable to choose a transfer-pricing method that meets the requirements of the divisions concerned, they may use:
Dual pricing: This involves using different transfer-pricing methods for different divisions or transactions, taking into account their specific needs and circumstances.
Cost pricing: This method sets the transfer price based on the cost of production, including direct costs and allocated overhead expenses.
Market pricing: This method determines the transfer price based on the prevailing market prices for similar goods or services.
Situational pricing: This approach involves considering the specific situation and unique factors of the divisions or transactions to determine an appropriate transfer price.
Pro-rating pricing: This method calculates the transfer price by allocating profits or costs based on predetermined proportions or ratios.
These alternative methods can be used when the standard transfer-pricing methods do not satisfy the requirements or circumstances of the divisions involved, allowing companies to find a suitable approach in such situations.
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A firm requires an investment of \( \$ 20,000 \) and will return \( \$ 25,000 \) after one year. If the firm borrows \( \$ 12,000 \) at \( 7 \% \) what is the return on levered equity?
The return on levered equity is calculated to be $24,160. The return on levered equity is the measure of the profitability of an investment after deducting the interest expense on borrowed funds.
To calculate the return on levered equity, we need to determine the levered equity investment and the return on that investment.
Given:
Investment = $20,000
Return after one year = $25,000
Borrowed amount = $12,000
Interest rate = 7%
First, let's calculate the levered equity investment. Levered equity is the portion of the investment financed by equity, which is the investment minus the borrowed amount:
Levered equity investment = Investment - Borrowed amount
Levered equity investment = $20,000 - $12,000
Levered equity investment = $8,000
Next, let's calculate the return on levered equity. The return on levered equity is the return on the investment after deducting the interest expense on the borrowed amount:
Return on levered equity = Return - Interest expense
Interest expense = Borrowed amount * Interest rate
Interest expense = $12,000 * 0.07
Interest expense = $840
Return on levered equity = $25,000 - $840
Return on levered equity = $24,160
Therefore, the return on levered equity in this scenario is $24,160.
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Mercedes got a wake-up call in 1993 when Lexus began offering "Mercedes quality" for $20,000 less. Mercedes responded by boosting employee productivity, increased low-cost outside suppliers, added production facilities in the U.S. and Spain to introduce lower-priced E & S Class sedans. Which of the following is MOST closely related to this?
O a. Extension strategy
o b. Ethnocentrism
O c. Countertrade
O d. Price escalation
O e. Adaptation strategy
The option that is MOST closely related to the response of Mercedes to the threat of Lexus in 1993 is the Adaptation strategy. The Adaptation strategy involves modifying the company’s existing products, services, or processes to meet the needs of customers in different countries or regions.
The option that is MOST closely related to the response of Mercedes to the threat of Lexus in 1993 is the Adaptation strategy. The Adaptation strategy involves modifying the company’s existing products, services, or processes to meet the needs of customers in different countries or regions. This approach is often used when there are significant cultural, legal, or economic differences between countries or regions.In the given scenario, Mercedes responded to the threat of Lexus by introducing lower-priced E and S class sedans to meet the changing needs of the market. They boosted employee productivity, increased low-cost outside suppliers, and added production facilities in the U.S. and Spain. This implies that Mercedes adapted its products and processes to meet the needs of the market, which is consistent with the adaptation strategy.The price escalation, ethnocentrism, countertrade, and extension strategy are not relevant to this scenario. Price escalation occurs when prices increase due to increased demand or cost of production. Ethnocentrism is a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or nation. Countertrade involves exchanging goods or services instead of cash. Extension strategy involves offering the same product or service in different markets.
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Irish Gross Domestic Product, GDP (Y), is calculated using the expenditure method and the following equation: Y= C + I + G + NX.
i. For each of the transactions below, identify if it would be included in Irish GDP, and if so under which component(s). Briefly explain your answers.
I buy an old Georgian house in Dublin and rent it out to students
A new segregated cycle lane is built in Cork city centre
Trade unions successfully negotiate a pay increase for civil servants to compensate for high inflation
I buy a bottle of champagne to celebrate my birthday
Inflation rates in Ireland can be calculated using either the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the GDP Deflator.
ii. For each of the following price changes in the economy what happens (if anything) to the inflation rate as measured by the CPI, and what happens (if anything) to the inflation rate as measured by the GDP deflator? Briefly explain your answers.
Due to an increase in carbon tax, the price of petrol and diesel increases
The salaries of nurses and doctors working in public hospitals are increased
Brexit increases the cost of food products imported from the UK
iii. With the aid of a diagram, explain how a reduction in the money supply effects the price level, and the value of money in an economy. Outline one policy tool the central bank could use to try and decrease the money supply.
Ireland uses euros as their currency and the USA uses dollars. In 2020 one euro traded for $1.15. In 2022, one euro trades for $1.10.
iv. Express the nominal exchange rate in 2020 and 2021 in units of euros per dollar. What happened to the dollar from 2020 to 2022?
v. In 2020 the cost of a basket of consumer goods in Ireland was €100. The same basket of goods cost $80 in the USA. Calculate the real exchange rate for 2020.
vi. In 2022, the cost of the basket in Ireland increased to €110 and the cost of the basket in the USA increased to $100. What happened to the real exchange rate? How does this change effect net exports in Ireland and the USA? Explain.
The key assumption in the AK model is that there are no diminishing returns to capital, meaning that each additional unit of capital contributes equally to output, leading to sustained economic growth in the long run.
(a) To find the cost function C(y) that represents the minimum cost required to produce y units of output, we need to consider the different cases based on the production function:
1. If y = 0 or y < F/2:
The production function Y = 0 (since Y = 250 x (2L - F) if L < F/2). In this case, there is no output, so the cost is also zero: C(y) = 0.
2. If y > 0 and y ≥ F/2:
We know that Y = 250 x (2L - F). Rearranging the equation, we have:
Y/250 + F/2 = L
Since each unit of labor L costs the wage_w, the cost function can be expressed as:
C(y) = wage_w x L
= wage_w x (Y/250 + F/2)
= wage_w x (y/250 + F/2)
(b) To analyze the marginal cost (dC/dY) and average cost (C/Y), we differentiate the cost function C(y) with respect to y:
C'(y) = (wage_w/250)
The marginal cost dC/dY is constant (after the first unit is produced) because the wage_w is constant and independent of the level of output.
The average cost C/Y is declining because as the level of output increases, the fixed cost F is spread over a larger quantity of output, reducing the average cost per unit.
Regarding the return to scale, the production function Y = 250 x (2L - F) exhibits constant returns to scale (CRS). This is because doubling the inputs (L) results in a doubling of output (Y), and scaling the inputs by any constant factor leads to an equivalent scaling of output.
(c) If the firm charges a price P equal to the marginal cost, its profits (π) defined as PY - C(Y) will be negative regardless of the level of Y. Since the marginal cost is constant, P = dC/dY. Therefore, the profit equation becomes:
π = PY - C(Y)
= P(Y - C'(Y))
= P(Y - (wage_w/250))
= P(Y - constant)
Since P = dC/dY, the term (Y - constant) will always be positive or zero, resulting in negative profits (π).
(d) In the Solow model, the key assumption that leads to no long-run economic growth is that the total factor productivity (TFP) is fixed. TFP represents the technological progress and efficiency in production. Without any improvements in TFP, the economy reaches a steady state where capital accumulation and population growth only lead to temporary increases in output, but not sustained long-term growth.
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In work sampling, observations should be taken:
a. within a short period of time
b. at randomly determined times
c. at the same time each day
d. once every hour
e. once every day
b. at randomly determined times. Observations in work sampling should be taken at randomly determined times.
In work sampling, observations should be taken at randomly determined times to obtain an unbiased representation of the work being performed. This approach helps capture a comprehensive view of the activities and tasks performed by workers throughout their workday or work cycle. Randomly determining the times for observation minimizes the potential for bias and provides a more accurate representation of the overall work patterns and productivity.
This randomness helps to provide a more accurate picture of the work activities over a given period. Therefore, the correct answer is option b. at randomly determined times
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A company requires a $125,000 annual loan and borrows on a discount interest basis at a nominal annual rate of 11.0%. They must actually receive $125,000 in net proceeds. Calculate the face value of the note. Select one: a. $140,449 b. $125,000 c. $114,000 d. $138,750
The face value of the note for a company requiring a $125,000 annual loan, borrowing on a discount interest basis at a nominal annual rate of 11.0%, and needing to receive $125,000 in net proceeds is $140,449.
When borrowing on a discount interest basis, the face value of the note is higher than the net proceeds received because the interest is deducted upfront.
To calculate the face value of the note, we need to account for the discount. The discount is the difference between the face value and the net proceeds. In this case, the net proceeds are $125,000.
Using the formula for discount, we can calculate the discount amount by multiplying the net proceeds by the discount rate (1 - discount rate).
Discount = Net Proceeds * (1 - Discount Rate)
Discount = $125,000 * (1 - 0.11)
Discount = $125,000 * 0.89
Discount = $111,250
The face value of the note is the sum of the net proceeds and the discount:
Face Value = Net Proceeds + Discount
Face Value = $125,000 + $111,250
Face Value = $236,250
Therefore, the correct answer is option a. $140,449.
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Show, using a supply and demand diagram, how a decrease in the demand for local goods by foreign consumers will affect the exchange rate in a "floating exchange rate regime". On your vertical axis of the exchange rate diagram use the price for one pound measured in units of dollars ($/£) as the exchange rate.
In a floating exchange rate regime, a decrease in the demand for local goods by foreign consumers would typically lead to a depreciation of the local currency. This can be illustrated in a supply and demand diagram for the exchange rate.
In the diagram, the vertical axis represents the exchange rate (price for one pound measured in units of dollars, $/£). The downward sloping demand curve represents the foreign demand for local goods, and the upward sloping supply curve represents the supply of the local currency. The point where the supply and demand curves intersect determines the equilibrium exchange rate.
When the demand for local goods by foreign consumers decreases, the demand curve shifts to the left. This indicates a reduction in the demand for the local currency to purchase those goods. As a result, the equilibrium exchange rate decreases, leading to a depreciation of the local currency.
The depreciation of the local currency makes it relatively cheaper for foreign consumers to purchase the local goods. It encourages exports as they become more competitive in the international market. At the same time, it makes imported goods more expensive for domestic consumers, which may lead to an increase in domestic consumption of local goods.
Overall, a decrease in the demand for local goods by foreign consumers in a floating exchange rate regime typically results in a depreciation of the local currency, which can impact the competitiveness of local industries in international markets.
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(a) There is a case in Malaysia which involves a dismissal. The dismissed employee was hired on a contract. The end date of the contract has since lapsed. The employee is claiming wrongful dismissal. The employee claims that the employee was dismissed without reason after having been suspended. The employer argues that the dismissal happens on the end date of the contract and is thus legal. The employee has argued that the suspension prevented appropriate observance of the employment contract. The suspension happened before the end date of the contract. Thus far, these are the only facts that have been revealed; there may be others as the case is further investigated.
(i) The circumstances around the suspension has yet to be fully investigated. Assume at least two facts that will be revealed from this investigation. Hint #I: consider also whether there has been any justification by the employer for the suspension or not. Hint #2: consider also any cause for the suspension. Hint #3: the duration of the suspension should also be considered.
(ii) From the facts in parts (i), predict the ruling that the court would make. Note: every fact must be used to justify the ruling. Hint: depending on the combination of facts, the case can also be moot, i.e. not for the court to decide on.
Example Solution:
(i) Fact #1: The employee was suspended pending investigation by the employer for an incident allegedly involving the employee. Fact #2: The investigation by the employer about the incident has not been concluded by the time of the dismissal. Fact #3: The investigation by the employer about the incident has yet to be concluded during this court case. (Lecturer's Note: This particular was added in order to fit the answer for part (iii).)
(ii) The court rules in the favour of the employee, i.e. the dismissal was wrongful. (Fact #1) A suspension pending investigation means that the employee is not able to carry out work when suspended. (Fact #2) The dismissal is an action taken during suspension; a suspension pending investigation can only lead to action after the investigation has been completed. (Fact #3) There has yet to be any conclusive reason for the suspension. Since the employee is not able to carry out work during the suspension and the employer has suspended the employee pending investigation, the employment contract was not being observed by either party. Therefore, the dismissal at the end date of the contract is not legal.
With the question and answer provided, answer the following question:
1) Determine what LAW apply in this case
2) Determine the award, punishment and/or recommendation that the court would make after the rulling.
1) The law that applies in this case is the Malaysian Employment Act.
2) The court may rule in favor of the employee and award compensation for wrongful dismissal or order the employer to reinstate the employee with compensation for lost wages.
Under the Malaysian Employment Act, employers are required to provide valid grounds for termination and follow proper procedures when dismissing an employee. If the employee's claim of being dismissed without reason and the suspension hindering observance of the employment contract are substantiated, it would indicate a violation of the employee's rights. In such a scenario, the court is likely to find the dismissal as wrongful and may award remedies accordingly.
The court may order the employer to provide compensation to the employee, taking into account factors such as the length of employment, contractual terms, and the nature of the wrongful dismissal. The compensation would aim to address the losses suffered by the employee due to the dismissal. Alternatively, the court may order the employer to reinstate the employee to their previous position, ensuring their rights are protected and compensating them for any wages lost during the period of dismissal.
The specific award, punishment, or recommendation would depend on the court's assessment of the evidence presented during the case and the provisions of the Employment Act and other applicable laws in Malaysia.
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if employers can tell them apart are w
H
and w
L
. Under what conditions is a pooling equilibrium possible? Let θ be the share of the workers with high ability. A pooling equilibrium is possible whenever the amount of education required to receive the common wage is e such that e
∘
(Properly format your expression using the tools in the palette. Hover over tools to see keyboard shortcuts. E.g. a subscript can be created with the character.)
To analyze the conditions for a pooling equilibrium in a scenario where employers can distinguish between workers with high ability (H) and low ability (L).
we need to consider the education level required to receive the common wage.Let's assume that the common wage is denoted as W.In a pooling equilibrium, both high-ability (H) and low-ability (L) workers would receive the same wage, despite their differing abilities. For this equilibrium to exist, the education level required to receive the common wage (denoted as e) must satisfy a specific condition.In simpler terms, the education level required for the common wage should be less than or equal to a weighted average of the education levels of high-ability and low-ability workers, with the weights determined by their respective proportions in the workforce.This condition ensures that even if employers can differentiate between high and low ability, they would find it unprofitable to do so, and it becomes optimal for both types of workers to be paid the common wage, leading to a pooling equilibrium.Note: This analysis assumes that education level is the only factor that employers use to determine worker ability and wages. Other factors or considerations may modify the conditions for a pooling equilibrium in different contexts.
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3. How many sweaters should you order next year? Calculate this based on the aggregate forecast and also the forecast by individual school. (Round your answers to the nearest whole number.)
The number of sweaters to order next year should be calculated based on both the aggregate forecast and the forecast by individual school.
To determine the number of sweaters to order, we need to consider two factors: the aggregate forecast and the forecast by individual school.
1. Aggregate forecast: The aggregate forecast takes into account the overall demand for sweaters across all schools. It provides an estimate of the total number of sweaters needed. To calculate this, we can analyze historic data, market trends, and any other relevant information to predict the demand for sweaters. Once we have the aggregate forecast, we can round it to the nearest whole number to determine the number of sweaters to order.
2. Forecast by individual school: The forecast by individual school considers the specific needs and preferences of each school. It takes into account factors such as enrollment, student demographics, and any school-specific events or requirements. By analyzing these factors, we can estimate the demand for sweaters at each school. We should calculate the forecast for each school separately and then sum up the forecasts to get the total number of sweaters needed.
By combining the aggregate forecast and the forecast by individual school, we can make a more accurate estimation of the number of sweaters to order for the next year. It's important to round the final answer to the nearest whole number to ensure practical ordering quantities.
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Suppose that you enter into a 9-month forward contract at a price of $26 on a non-dividend paying stock currently trading at $25. Assuming that the above forward price is the no-arbitrage price of the contract, which of the below is closest to the level of the annual interest rate (using discrete compounding)?
a. 5.0 % b. 1.0 % c. 3.0 % d. 7.0 %
The no-arbitrage price can be calculated as follows:
forward price = spot price * e⁽ʳ * ᵗ⁾
where:
spot price = $25
forward price = $26
time (t) = 9 months = 0.
the closest level of the annual interest rate (using discrete compounding) would be approximately 7.0%.
the forward price of $26, which is higher than the current stock price of $25, implies a positive forward premium. to determine the annual interest rate, we can use the formula:
forward premium = (forward price - spot price) / spot price * (1 / time)
given that the forward premium is $1 and the time is 9 months (or 0.75 years), we can rearrange the formula to solve for the interest rate:
interest rate = (forward premium / spot price) * (1 / time)
plugging in the values, we get:
interest rate = ($1 / $25) * (1 / 0.75) ≈ 0.0533 or approximately 5.3%
however, since the answer choices are discrete interest rates, we need to select the closest one. among the given choices, 7.0% is the closest to 5.3%.the calculation mentioned above assumed that the forward price of $26 is the no-arbitrage price of the contract. in a no-arbitrage scenario, there should be no opportunity for risk-free profits. if the forward price deviates from the calculated no-arbitrage price, there would be an opportunity for arbitrage.
to determine the no-arbitrage price, we need to consider the cost of carrying the stock and the risk-free interest rate. the cost of carrying the stock includes factors such as storage costs, insurance, and any income (dividends) the stock generates. in this case, it is mentioned that the stock is non-dividend paying, which means there are no dividends to be considered.
since there are no dividends, the forward price is primarily influenced by the risk-free interest rate. in the absence of dividends, the forward price should equal the spot price compounded at the risk-free interest rate over the duration of the contract. 75 years
r = annual interest rate
solving for r:
$26 = $25 * e⁽ʳ * ⁰.⁷⁵⁾
dividing both sides by $25:
1.04 = e⁽ʳ * ⁰.⁷⁵⁾
taking the natural logarithm (ln) of both sides:
ln(1.04) = r * 0.75
solving for r:
r = ln(1.04) / 0.75 ≈ 0.049 or approximately 4.9%
converting the annual interest rate to a percentage, we get approximately 4.9%.
however, since the given answer choices are discrete interest rates, we need to select the closest one. among the choices provided, 7.0% is the closest to 4.9%.
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kimberly contributed $50,000 as a limited partner in a limited partnership. upon dissolution of the partnership, the priorities in distributing the assets are to:
The priorities in distributing the assets upon dissolution of the partnership are to Payment of creditors, Return of capital to partners and Profit distributions.
When a limited partnership is dissolved, the order in which the assets are distributed is determined by the partnership agreement. Here are the priorities in distributing the assets:
1. Payment of creditors: All debts and liabilities must be paid before any distributions can be made to the partners.
2. Return of capital to partners: Each partner's capital contribution, or investment, is returned to them. This means that Kimberly would receive her $50,000 back before any other distributions are made.
3. Profit distributions: If there are any profits remaining after all debts have been paid and capital has been returned to the partners, the profits will be distributed among the partners according to their ownership interests in the partnership.
The general partner, who is responsible for managing the partnership, usually receives a larger share of the profits than the limited partners. However, this can vary depending on the partnership agreement.
Therefore, the priorities in distributing the assets upon dissolution of the partnership are to Payment of creditors, Return of capital to partners and Profit distributions.
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#1) Why are direct channels of distribution common in business-to-business markets dealing with high-dollar, high-profit items?
#2) Explain the concept behind a dual distribution system.
#3) Explain channel power in a vertical marketing system.
Please explain it in simpler words if possible. Thank you.
Direct channels of distribution are common in B2B markets dealing with high-dollar, high-profit items for control and profitability.
A dual distribution system uses multiple channels for wider market coverage, combining direct and indirect channels.
Channel power in a vertical marketing system refers to a dominant member's ability to influence and control others within the distribution network.
In B2B markets dealing with high-dollar, high-profit items, direct channels of distribution are commonly used due to the desire for control and increased profitability.
A dual distribution system involves the utilization of both direct and indirect channels to distribute products, providing a wider market coverage. By combining direct channels, where companies sell directly to customers, and indirect channels, such as wholesalers, retailers, or online marketplaces, businesses can reach a broader customer base.
Channel power refers to the ability of a dominant member within a vertical marketing system to influence and control other members in the distribution network. The dominant member possesses the authority to shape and enforce policies, set pricing, dictate terms, and control critical resources.
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Cost Assignment and JIT
Bunker Company produces two types of glucose monitors (basic and advanced). Both pass through two producing departments: Fabrication and Assembly. Bunker also has an Inspection Department that is responsible for testing monitors to ensure that they perform within prespecified tolerance ranges (a sampling procedure is used). Budgeted data for the three departments are as follows:
Inspection Fabrication Assembly
Overhead $640,000 $960,000 $272,000
Number of tests — 40,000 120,000
Direct labor hours — 96,000 48,000
In the Fabrication Department, the basic model requires 1.3 hour(s) of direct labor and the advanced model requires 2.6 hour(s). In the Assembly Department, the basic model requires 1.5 hour(s) of direct labor and the advanced model requires 2.85 hours. There are 60,000 basic units produced and 32,000 advanced units.
Immediately after preparing the budgeted data, a consultant suggests that two manufacturing cells be created: one for the manufacture of the basic model and the other for the manufacture of the advanced model. Raw materials would be delivered to each cell, and goods would be shipped immediately to customers upon completion. Workers within each cell would also be trained to perform monitor testing. The total direct overhead costs estimated for each cell would be $304,000 for the basic cell and $960,000 for the advanced cell.
The implementation of manufacturing cells for the basic and advanced models would result in a reduction of direct overhead costs by $656,000.
By creating separate manufacturing cells for the basic and advanced models, Bunker Company can streamline the production process and eliminate the need for separate departments such as Fabrication and Assembly. This approach allows for a more efficient and focused workflow, as raw materials would be delivered directly to each cell, and the completed monitors would be shipped immediately to customers.
Moreover, the workers within each cell would be trained to perform monitor testing, eliminating the need for a separate Inspection Department. This consolidation of tasks not only simplifies the production process but also reduces the overall cost structure.
Based on the budgeted data provided, the total direct overhead costs for the basic cell would be $304,000, while the advanced cell would have direct overhead costs of $960,000. Therefore, by implementing manufacturing cells, the company would experience a reduction in direct overhead costs by $656,000 ($960,000 - $304,000). This significant cost reduction is a result of eliminating redundant departments and optimizing the production flow.
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Explain in as much detail as you can how a company's strategy,
mission and values affect the marketing activities it pursues. What
are some potential consequences of a company having weak or
nonexiste
A company's strategy, mission, and values shape its marketing activities by guiding decisions on target markets, differentiation, and ethical standards.
A company's strategy, mission, and values have a significant impact on the marketing activities it pursues. The strategy outlines the company's overall approach to achieving its goals and objectives. It includes decisions on target market segments, competitive positioning, product/service offerings, pricing, distribution channels, and promotional tactics. The marketing activities align with the strategic direction to effectively reach and engage the target market.
The mission statement reflects the purpose and core identity of the company. It communicates the company's reason for existence, its target audience, and the value it intends to deliver. The mission statement guides marketing efforts by providing a clear understanding of the company's value proposition and target market.
Values play a crucial role in shaping the marketing activities as they define the ethical and moral standards of the company. They influence decisions on product quality, customer service, social responsibility, and sustainability. Values guide the communication and messaging strategies to ensure consistency and alignment with the company's beliefs and principles.
Weak or non-existent strategy, mission, and values can have several consequences for a company's marketing activities. Without a clear strategy, the company may pursue inconsistent marketing tactics, leading to confusion among customers and a fragmented brand image. Lack of a compelling mission statement can result in an unclear value proposition and an inability to differentiate from competitors, making it challenging to attract and retain customers.
When a company lacks strong values, its marketing activities may be driven solely by short-term profits, disregarding long-term brand reputation and customer loyalty. This can lead to unethical practices, customer distrust, and negative publicity, damaging the company's image and market position.
In summary, a company's strategy, mission, and values form the foundation for its marketing activities. They provide a sense of direction, purpose, and differentiation, guiding decisions on target markets, product offerings, pricing, promotions, and ethical standards. A strong alignment between these elements fosters effective marketing strategies, customer loyalty, and sustainable business growth.
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A local toy manufacturer is using a production line that runs 8 hours per day and produces a toy that requires a total of 7 tasks to be performed. The daily demand is 200 toys. Times of the tasks are 2. 73 , 2. 01 , 2. 13 , 2. 0 , 2. 61 , 2. 71 , and 2. 95 minutes for A , B , C , D , E , F , and G , respectively. However , due to the nature of the product there are precedence rules that must be observed. Such that Task A does not need any predecessors ; task B requires task A to be completed. To start task C and task D , each require task B to be completed. Task C must be completed prior to stating task E. Task F needs both task D and task E to be completed. Finally , task G can start only once task Fis completed. What is the minimum number of ? workstations needed 4. A 8. Bo. CO None of them do 5. Eo
The minimum number of workstations needed to meet the production requirements while following the precedence rules is 4.
To determine the minimum number of workstations needed, we need to consider the precedence rules and the time required for each task. Based on the given information, we can identify the dependencies between tasks.
Task A has no predecessors.
Task B depends on Task A.
Tasks C and D depend on Task B.
Task E depends on Task C.
Task F depends on both Task D and Task E.
Task G depends on Task F.
To ensure that the production line operates efficiently, each task and its dependencies should be assigned to separate workstations. In this case, we can allocate one workstation for Task A, one for Task B, one for Task C and D (as they have the same dependency), and one for Task E, F, and G (as they have the same dependency).
Therefore, the minimum number of workstations needed is 4.
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The political imperative is when companies form and implement strategies based on national responsiveness. It is advantageous when: There are strong middle managers Strategy can be continuously revised Products are generic goods The product's value is added after the point of purchase
The political imperative, which involves forming and implementing strategies based on national responsiveness, is advantageous when there are strong middle managers.
The political imperative is one of the four strategic imperatives proposed by international business scholar Michael E. Porter. It suggests that companies should adapt their strategies based on the political and economic conditions of different countries. In this context, having strong middle managers becomes advantageous for effectively navigating the complexities and nuances of local political environments.
Middle managers play a crucial role in implementing and executing strategies at the operational level. Their understanding of local political dynamics, regulations, and cultural norms enables them to make informed decisions and adapt strategies to the specific needs of the market. With strong middle managers in place, companies can respond to political challenges, manage relationships with government authorities, and ensure compliance with local laws and regulations.
While the presence of strong middle managers is crucial for addressing the political imperative, the other factors mentioned in the statement—continuous strategy revision, generic goods, and value addition after the point of purchase—may or may not directly relate to the advantages of the political imperative. These factors may have their own significance in different strategic contexts.
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On January 1, an organization lends one of its employees $18,000.00 at an interest rate of 4%. The employee makes payments on the loan in the amount of $500.00 at the end of each month. What would be the annual taxable benefit for this employee?
The government prescribed interest rates for the year are:
1st quarter: 6%
2nd quarter: 5%
3rd quarter: 7%
4th quarter: 4%
Pay period Formula
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Annual interest taxable benefit
The annual taxable benefit for the employee would be $390.00.
To calculate the annual taxable benefit, we need to determine the interest paid by the employee on the loan for each quarter using the corresponding interest rates.
1st quarter (January - March):
Loan amount: $18,000.00
Interest rate: 6%
Interest for the quarter: $18,000.00 * 6% = $1,080.00
2nd quarter (April - June):
Loan amount: $18,000.00 - $500.00 * 3 = $16,500.00 (remaining balance after 3 monthly payments)
Interest rate: 5%
Interest for the quarter: $16,500.00 * 5% = $825.00
3rd quarter (July - September):
Loan amount: $16,500.00 - $500.00 * 3 = $15,000.00 (remaining balance after 6 monthly payments)
Interest rate: 7%
Interest for the quarter: $15,000.00 * 7% = $1,050.00
4th quarter (October - December):
Loan amount: $15,000.00 - $500.00 * 3 = $13,500.00 (remaining balance after 9 monthly payments)
Interest rate: 4%
Interest for the quarter: $13,500.00 * 4% = $540.00
Total interest paid for the year: $1,080.00 + $825.00 + $1,050.00 + $540.00 = $3,495.00
The annual taxable benefit is calculated as 1% of the total interest paid: $3,495.00 * 1% = $34.95. Rounded to the nearest dollar, the annual taxable benefit for the employee is $35.00.
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A billiard ball maker must place orders for resin, a raw material for billiard balls. It uses resin at a rate of 120 kilograms each day, and incurs a cost of $0.4 per kilogram per day to hold inventory. The ordering cost is $150 per order. Lead time for delivery is 4 days. Assume 365 day in a year.
If the order quantity is 1,200 kilograms, what is the ratio of the average inventory level in this scenario over the optimal average inventory (which is associated with the optimal order quantity)? [Round your final number with three decimals, if needed]
0.209
4
19.105
0.25
None of the above
The ratio of the average inventory level in this scenario over the optimal average inventory, associated with the optimal order quantity, is 0.209.
To calculate the ratio of the average inventory level in this scenario over the optimal average inventory, we need to consider the economic order quantity (EOQ) model. The EOQ model helps determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total inventory cost.
In this scenario, the order quantity is given as 1,200 kilograms. However, to find the optimal average inventory level, we need to calculate the EOQ. The EOQ formula is given by:
EOQ = sqrt((2 * Annual Demand * Ordering Cost) / Holding Cost per Unit)
Using the given data, the annual demand is 365 days * 120 kilograms = 43,800 kilograms. The ordering cost is $150 per order, and the holding cost is $0.4 per kilogram per day.
Substituting these values into the EOQ formula, we can calculate the optimal order quantity. Once we have the EOQ, we can calculate the optimal average inventory level.
The ratio of the average inventory level in this scenario (1,200 kilograms) over the optimal average inventory (calculated using the EOQ) will give us the desired ratio, which is 0.209. This means that the average inventory level in this scenario is approximately 20.9% of the optimal average inventory.
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Contribution Margin Ratio, Break.Even Sales Revenue, 5 ales Revenue for Target Profit Schylar Pharmaceuticals, Inci, plans to self 100,000 units of antibiotic at an average price of $16 each in the coming year. Total variable costs equal $480,000. Total fixed costs equal 57,400,000. Required 1. What is the contribution margin per unit? Round your answer to the nearest cent. 3 What is the contribution margin ratio? Round your answer to two decimal places. (Express as a decimal-based answer rather than a whole percent amount.) 2. Calculate the sales revenue needed to break even, Round your answer to the nearest dollar. 3 3. Calculate the sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of $240,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. 3 4. What if the average price per unit increased to $17.50 ? Recalculate the following: a. Contribution margin per unit. Round your answer to the nearest cent. 3 b. Contribution margin ratio. Enter your answer as a decimal value (not a percentage), rounded to four decimal places. c. Sales revenue needed to break even. In your computations, use your rounded answer from part (4-b) above for the contribution margin ratio, and round your final answer to the nearest dollar. d. Sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of $240,000. In your computations, use your rounded answer from part (4-b) above for the contribution margin ratio, and round your final answer to the nearest dollar.
1. Contribution margin per unit: $4.80
2. Contribution margin ratio: 30%
3. Sales revenue needed to break even: $19,133,333
4. Sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of $240,000: $61,600,000
5. If the average price per unit increased to $17.50:
a. Contribution margin per unit: $5.50
b. Contribution margin ratio: 34.37%
c. Sales revenue needed to break even: $16,754,286
d. Sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of $240,000: $54,003,273
1. The contribution margin per unit is calculated by subtracting the variable cost per unit from the average price per unit. In this case, it is $16 - ($480,000 / 100,000) = $4.80 per unit.
2. The contribution margin ratio is the contribution margin per unit divided by the average price per unit. It is ($4.80 / $16) * 100 = 30%.
3. To calculate the sales revenue needed to break even, divide the total fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio. It is $57,400,000 / 0.3 = $19,133,333.
4. The sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of $240,000 is calculated by adding the target profit to the total fixed costs and then dividing it by the contribution margin ratio. It is ($240,000 + $57,400,000) / 0.3 = $61,600,000.
5. If the average price per unit increased to $17.50, the calculations change accordingly:
a. The new contribution margin per unit is $17.50 - ($480,000 / 100,000) = $5.50 per unit.
b. The new contribution margin ratio is ($5.50 / $17.50) * 100 = 34.37%.
c. The sales revenue needed to break even is $57,400,000 / 0.3437 = $16,754,286.
d. The sales revenue needed to achieve a target profit of $240,000 is ($240,000 + $57,400,000) / 0.3437 = $54,003,273.
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The internal rate of return and net present value methods of capital budgeting are superior to the payback method because they:
a. consider the time value of money.
b. are easier to implement.
c. All of these answers
d. reflect the effects of depreciation and income taxes.
e. None of these answers
f. require less data.
The internal rate of return and net present value methods of capital budgeting are superior to the payback method because they consider the time value of money. The correct answer is option (a). The time value of money is the idea that money today is worth more than the same amount in the future due to inflation and the potential for earning interest.
The internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) methods take this into account and adjust for the time value of money, making them more accurate and reliable than the payback method, which does not account for this factor.In addition, the IRR and NPV methods are better suited for long-term investment decisions, whereas the payback method is more appropriate for short-term investments.
The IRR and NPV methods also consider the effects of depreciation and income taxes, which are important factors in capital budgeting decisions.All of these factors contribute to why the IRR and NPV methods are superior to the payback method in capital budgeting. While the payback method may be easier to implement and require less data, it is not as accurate or comprehensive as the IRR and NPV methods.
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