A combustion reaction will always be associated with a change in entropy that will be:_________

Answers

Answer 1

A combustion reaction will always be associated with a change in entropy that will be positive.

What is entropy ?

The entropy of a system is the measurement of the disorder of the system which happens in the thermodynamic reaction.

During association the value of entropy  will be positive and during dissociation the value will be negative.

During association the number of molecule increases due to which the entropy of the combustion increases and the value will be positive .

Therefore , combustion reaction will always be associated with a change in entropy that will be positive.

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Related Questions

Part 1. determine the molar mass of a 0.314-gram sample of gas having a volume of 1.6 l at 287 k and 0.92 atm. show your work.

part 2. describe the temperature and pressure conditions at which the gas behaves like an ideal gas.

Answers

The molar mass of a 0.314-gram sample of gas having a volume of 1.6L at 287K and 0.92 atm is 0.503g/mol. The temperature and pressure of a gas that behaves like an ideal gas is directly proportional to one another.

How to calculate molar mass?

The molar mass of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by its number of moles.

However, the number of moles can be calculated using the following formula:

PV = nRT

Where;

P = pressureV = volumeR = gas law constantT = temperaturen = no of moles

0.92 × 1.6 = n × 0.0821 × 287

1.47 = 23.56n

n = 1.47/23.56

n = 0.624moles

Molar mass = 0.314g ÷ 0.624mol

Molar mass = 0.503g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of a 0.314-gram sample of gas having a volume of 1.6L at 287K and 0.92 atm is 0.503g/mol.

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According to the iupac convention, alkyl substituents on a hydrocarbon chain should be listed in which order?

Answers

According to the iupac convention, alkyl substituents on a hydrocarbon chain should be listed in alphabetical without taking prefixes into name.

A hydrocarbon would be an organic molecule in organic chemistry that is made completely of hydrogen as well as carbon. A good example of group 14 hydrides includes hydrocarbons. In general, hydrocarbons lack color and are hydrophobic. Typically, their faint smells are compared to that of gasoline and lighter fluid.

The longest unbroken carbon chain should be found and named.Name the groups that make up this chain but instead identify them.Beginning at the end of the chain closest to a substituent group, fraction the chain sequentially.Give each substituent group a corresponding number but also name to indicate its placement.

Therefore, according to the iupac convention, alkyl substituents on a hydrocarbon chain should be listed in alphabetical without taking prefixes into name.

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A bumblebee carries pollen from the male portion of a plant to the female portion of the similar plant. Fertilization occurs. Which statement is true about this type of reproduction?

Answers

Answer:

It’s sexual, and the offspring are genetically different from the parents

Explanation:

Since it is the same flower the bee is pollinating, the progeny will be genetically distinct if the bee were to transfer the pollen to the female part of the flower from the male part.

A student weighs out 0. 0422 g of magnesium metal. The magnesium metal is reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. A sample of hydrogen gas is collected over water in a eudiometer at 32. 0°c. The volume of collected gas is 43. 9 ml and the atmospheric pressure is 832 mmhg. Using the experimentally collected data, calculate r and the percent error.

Answers

The student weighs out 0.0422 grams of the metal magnesium, thus we can figure that the more's, the magnesium he used, is the mass of the magnesium over the more mass, which is 0.024422.That is approximately 0.001758. Furthermore, it claims that too much hydrochloric acid causes the metal magnesium to react, producing hydrogen gas. The volume of collected gas is 43.9 cc, the mastic pressure is 22 cc, and a sample of hydrogen gas is collected over water in a meter. Is it true that calculations made utilizing experimental and gathered data result in a percent error? Consequently, we are aware that magnesium and chloride react.We create 1 as the reaction ratio is 1:2. The hydrogen and 1 are more. Magnesium chloride is more. Therefore, based on this equation, we can infer that the amount of hydrogen that would be created in this scenario is greater than the amount of magnesium present here, or 0.001758 more. Among hydrogen, there is. \Once we convert the temperature from 32 Celsius to kelvin, we can tell you that the temperature is actually about 5.15 kelvin. The gas has a volume of 43 in m, which is equal to 0.0439 liter and indicates that the pressure is approximately 832 millimeter. Mercury, which is 2 times 13332 plus ca, or roughly 110922.24 par, is a mathematical constant.So, in this instance, we are aware that p v = n r t. The r in this case equals p v over n t, thus we want to determine the r. So p is 110922.24. The temperature is 305.15 and the V is 0.04  over the n is 0.001758. Let's proceed with the calculations right now. In this instance, you will discover that the solution is 9.077 times 10; that is all there is to it.

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Why is the vapor pressure of a warm pale higher than the vapor pressure of a cold lake

Answers

The vapor pressure of a warm pale higher than the vapor pressure of a cold lake because Warm water evaporates more quickly.

Hence, Option B is correct answer.

What is Evaporation ?

The process in which a liquid or solid is converted into vapour is called Evaporation. When water gains the heat energy then it changes in to gas. When the temperature increases it speeds up the rate of evaporation.

The temperature of warm water increases, the kinetic energy of the warm water molecule also increases.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The vapour pressure of a warm lake is higher than the vapor pressure of a cold lake because Warm water evaporates more quickly.

Hence, Option B is correct answer.

Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete questions.

Question: Why is the vapor pressure of a warm lake higher than the vapor pressure of a cold lake?

A. Warm water has a greater heat of vaporization.

B. Warm water evaporates more quickly.

C. Cool water evaporates more quickly.

D. Cool water has a greater heat of vaporization.

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Why is the 6 m naoh solution diluted before titrating the vinegar sample? How might your results be affected if you used the 6 m solution rather than the 0. 3 m naoh?

Answers

The 6 M solution NaOH solution diluted before titrating the vinegar sample because pH at the equivalence point changes very rapidly . It is very useful to have dilution solution , so that number of moles that are transferred per drop of the solution is low . So, pH change smaller amount per drop. Having more dilute solution also allows the titration to use volume that is easier to work with.

If you used the 6 M solution was used then the volume required for titration would go down by a factor of 6/0.3 = 20

This means that if a titration took 20ml of the 0.3 M solution then it would take 1ml of the NaOH solution.

Titration consists of adding a controlled and known amount of standard solution with an unknown until the reaction to be complete.

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Compared to a solution with a ph value of 7, a solution with a thousand times greater hydronium ion concentration has a ph value of.

Answers

Answer:

pH = 4

Explanation:

pH is a base 10 logarithmic scale

  1000 = 10^3

        7 -3  = pH = 4  

This liquid carries red blood cells and white blood cells around the body. It also transports several different substances in solution, including -------- and------- .​

Answers

Answer:

Water and Salts

Explanation:

Hope it helps u....

What is the mass of 4. 00 moles of helium, the gas commonly used to fill party balloons and lighter-than-air ships?

Answers

16g.

mol=gram/molar mass
4.00mol=g/4.0 molar mass of Helium
4mol*4g/mol= 16grams

A coin collector has a bag of 50 pennies. What is weighted average of a penny in the sample according to the data?

Answers

The weighted average of a penny is = 67.9g

Calculation of average weight

The sample of penny for pre 1982 is a total of = 18 pennies.

The mass of each penny for pre 1982 = 3.1

Therefore the total weight for penny for pre 1982

= 18×3.1

= 55.8

The sample of penny for post 1982 is a total of = 32 pennies.

The mass of each penny for post 1982 = 2.5

Therefore the total weight for penny for post 1982

=32×2.5

= 80

The weighted average

= 55.8+80/2

= 135.8/2

= 67.9g

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How much sludge in cubic feet per person per year accumulates in lagoon systems?

Answers

1 to 2 feet (cubed) per person per year can be accumulated in lagoon systems.

What is meant by lagoon systems?

Lagoons are basin-like to collect, retain, and treat wastewater for a predefined amount of time. They are pond-like bodies of water.

Components of lagoon systems:A septic tank plus a small earthen pond with a constant 3-foot depth make up a lagoon system. A septic tank is a sizable, underground, watertight, corrosion-resistant container that collects untreated sewage from a home's plumbing drains.

Dumping by septage hauling trucks is a common cause of slug loading into lagoons.Depth of sludge on the bottom of a lagoon that indicates that the lagoon should be cleaned is 1 foot.carbon dioxide gas is used and produced by algae, causing variations in a lagoon's pH.Biological growth provides enough oxygen to sufficiently aerate most lagoons for treatment processes to work.pH above 8.5 keeps lagoons from generating odors.

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Mehtyl alcohol is called wood spirit. Its molecular formula is CH3OH. Calculate the number of moles that would contain 2.5*10^21 molecules of this compound.

Answers

The 2.5 x 10²¹ molecules of CH₃OH have 0.00415 moles.

What is the mole concept?The Mole concept is used to express the amount of substance conveniently. A mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains exactly 6.022 x 10²³ elementary particles of the given substance. Here, elementary particles refer to atoms, molecules, or ions.This fixed number  6.022 x 10²³ is known as Avogadro Number and is denoted by [tex]N_A[/tex]How to calculate the number of moles?

The number of moles is given by

[tex]n=\frac{m}{M}[/tex]

When given mass = molar mass of a substance, then no of moles is equal to 1 which is equivalent to 6.022 x 10²³.

We also know,

1 mole has 6.022 x 10²³ molecules of CH₃OH

According to the mole concept,

6.022 x 10²³ molecules of CH₃OH is equal to 1 mole

2.5 x 10²¹molecules of CH₃OH is equal to [tex]\frac{2.5\times10^2^1}{6.022 \times 10^2^3}[/tex] moles

Thus, 2.5 x 10²¹molecules of CH₃OH are equal to 4.15 x 10⁻³ moles or 0.00415 moles

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Write the henderson-hasselbalch equation for a propanoic acid solution (ch3ch2co2h, pa=4. 874)

Answers

The Henderson-hasselbalch equation for a propanoic acid solution is expressed as [A-]/[HA] = 2.7.

What is Henderson Hasselbalch Equation ?

It is expressed as:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA].

where,

[A-] is molar concentration of conjugate base and

[HA] is molar concentration of weak acid.

Given,

pH = 5.30

Substitute the value in the Henderson Hasselbalch equation

5.30 = 4.874 + log[A-]/ [HA]

log[A-]/[HA] = 5.30 - 4.874

[A-]/[HA] = 10^ 0.426

[A-]/[HA] = 2.7

Thus from the conclusion we can say that The henderson-hasselbalch equation for a propanoic acid solution is expressed as [A-]/[HA] = 2.7.

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Enough of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in water to produce a 1. 50 m solution. the ph of the resulting solution is 2. 83. calculate the ka for the acid

Answers

1.4406 × 10⁻⁶ is the Ka(dissociation constant) for the acid.

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with water is the acid dissociation constant, where the acid, HA separates into H⁺ and A⁻ ions.

The acid dissociation constant is represented by (Ka).

So let's first imagine that the given monoprotic acid is HA.

HA will dissociate into H⁺ and A⁻ ions.

HA ⇒ H⁺ and A⁻

The formula used for Ka is

Ka = [H⁺] [A⁻] / [HA]

Given

pH = 2.83

[HA] = 1.50 M

From the given pH, we can calculate [H⁺] and [A⁻]

[H⁺] = [A⁻] = 1 × [tex]10^{-2.83}[/tex] =  1.47 × 10⁻³ M

Ka = 1.47 × 10⁻³ × 1.47 × 10⁻³ / 1.50

Ka = 1.4406 × 10⁻⁶

Hence, 1.4406 × 10⁻⁶ is the Ka for the acid.

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Why is the vapor pressure of a warm lake higher than the vapor pressure of a cold lake?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Warm lake vapor pressure is higher than cold lake vapor pressure because it evaporates more quickly. In other words, as the temperature of warm water increases, the kinetic energy of the warm water molecule also increases. As the kinetic energy of the warm water molecule increases, the number of molecules conversion into a vapor also increases, thereby increasing the vapor pressure of warm water.

Answer:

B.

Warm water evaporates more quickly.

Explanation:

i got it right on edmentum!!

Methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), and oxygen (O2) can react to form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and water according to this equation:
CH4 + NH3 + O2 à HCN + H2O
You have 8 g of methane and 10 g of ammonia in excess oxygen. Answer the following questions:
· What is the balanced equation for this reaction?
· Which reagent is limiting? Explain why.
· How many grams of hydrogen cyanide will be formed? Show your work.

Answers

Answer:

-----> 2 CH₄ + 2 NH₃ + 3 O₂ -----> 2 HCN + 6 H₂O

-----> CH₄ = Whichever reactant produces the smaller amount of product is the limiting reagent. This is because the limiting reagent runs out before all of the other reactant is completely used. Because CH₄ produces the smaller amount of product, it is the limiting reagent.

-----> 13.5 grams HCN

Explanation:

Part 1:

An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each reactant on both sides of the reaction. These amounts can be modified by adding coefficients in front of the molecules.

The unbalanced equation:

CH₄ + NH₃ + O₂ -----> HCN + H₂O

Reactants: 1 carbon, 7 hydrogen, 1 nitrogen, 2 oxygen

Products: 1 carbon, 3 hydrogen, 1 nitrogen, 1 oxygen

The balanced equation:

2 CH₄ + 2 NH₃ + 3 O₂ -----> 2 HCN + 6 H₂O

Reactants: 2 carbon, 14 hydrogen, 2 nitrogen, 6 oxygen

Products: 2 carbon, 14 hydrogen, 2 nitrogen, 6 oxygen

Part 2:

You can determine the limiting reactant by converting each reactant mass (besides O₂) to a product mass. Whichever reactant produces the smaller amount of product is the limiting reagent. This is because the limiting reagent runs out before all of the other reactant is completely used.

Let's convert to HCN because Part 3 also wants to know how much HCN is produced. To find this amount, you need to (1) convert grams reactant to moles reactant (via their molar masses), then (2) convert moles reactant to moles HCN (via the mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles HCN to grams HCN (via its molar mass).

Molar Mass (CH₄): 12.011 g/mol + 4(1.008 g/mol)

Molar Mass (CH₄): 16.043 g/mol

Molar Mass (NH₃): 14.009 g/mol + 3(1.008 g/mol)

Molar Mass (NH₃): 17.033 g/mol

Molar Mass (HCN): 1.008 g/mol + 12.011 g/mol + 14.009 g/mol

Molar Mass (HCN): 27.028 g/mol

8 g CH₄           1 mole            2 moles HCN         27.028 g
--------------  x  ----------------  x  ----------------------  x  ----------------  =  13.5 g HCN
                       16.034 g          2 moles CH₄            1 mole

10 g NH₃           1 mole            2 moles HCN          27.028 g
---------------  x  ----------------  x  -----------------------  x  ----------------  =  15.9 g HCN
                         17.033 g          2 moles NH₃            1 mole

Because CH₄ produces the smaller amount of product, it is the limiting reagent. Therefore, the actual amount of HCN produced is 13.5 g.

Explain the problem surrounding the ammonia-making process in terms of chemical equilibrium.

Answers

The main problem is the release of heat and thereby reducing yield of Ammonia.

What is chemical equilibrium?

Chemical equilibrium is defined as the state of a reversible chemical reaction where there is no change in net amount of products and reactants involved in it.

What is an exothermic reaction?

Exothermic reaction is one of the chemical reactions that will produces heat during the formation of products.

At the chemical equilibrium, the chemical reaction will be as follows:

[tex]N_{2}[/tex] + 3[tex]H_{2}[/tex] → 2[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] + energy

The above chemical equilibrium equation indicates that energy will be released due to the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen. The energy release increases the surrounding temperature and thereby it will reduce the yield of the ammonia. Thus it can be indicated as the major problem.

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What can happen if the level of the developing liquid is higher than the applied spots in the tlc analysis?

Answers

If the solvent level in the developing jar is deeper than the origin (spotting line) of the TLC plate, the solvent will dissolve the compounds into the solvent reservoir instead of allowing them to move up the plate by capillary action. Thus, you will not see spots after the plate is developed.

What is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)?

TLC is a simple, quick, and inexpensive procedure that gives the chemist a quick answer as to how many components are in a mixture. TLC is also used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound.A TLC plate is a sheet of glass, metal, or plastic which is coated with a thin layer of a solid adsorbent (usually silica or alumina). A small amount of the mixture to be analysed is spotted near the bottom of this plate. The TLC plate is then placed in a shallow pool of a solvent in a developing chamber so that only the very bottom of the plate is in the liquid. This liquid, or the eluent, is the mobile phase, and it slowly rises up the TLC plate by capillary action.As the solvent moves past the spot that was applied, an equilibrium is established for each component of the mixture between the molecules of that component which are adsorbed on the solid and the molecules which are in solution. In principle, the components will differ in solubility and in the strength of their adsorption to the adsorbent and some components will be carried farther up the plate than others. When the solvent has reached the top of the plate, the plate is removed from the developing chamber, dried, and the separated components of the mixture are visualized. If the compounds are coloured, visualization is straightforward. Usually the compounds are not coloured, so a UV lamp is used to visualize the plates. The plate itself contains a fluorescent dye which glows everywhere except where an organic compound is on the plate.

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Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to compete the pairs. identify the types of chemical reactions occurring in the chemical equations. respiration photosynthesis combustion reaction of fossil fuels methane oxygen → water carbon dioxide heat arrowright glucose oxygen → carbon dioxide water energy arrowright water carbon dioxide sunlight → oxygen glucose arrowright

Answers

Photosynthesis: water + carbon dioxide + sunlight → oxygen + glucose

Respiration: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Combustion: methane + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + heat

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis.

water + carbon dioxide + sunlight → oxygen + glucose

What is respiration?

The sugars created during photosynthesis are combined with oxygen during the process of respiration in plants to create energy for plant development.

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

What is a combustion reaction?

Combustion is a chemical process between substances that often involves oxygen and produces heat and light in the form of flame.

methane + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + heat

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Photosynthesis: water + carbon dioxide + sunlight → oxygen + glucose

Respiration: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Combustion: methane + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide + heat

What is photosynthesis?Green plants and certain other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. Light energy is gathered and utilized during photosynthesis in green plants to change water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules.What is respiration?The sugars created during photosynthesis are combined with oxygen during the process of respiration in plants to create energy for plant development. Respiration contrasts photosynthesis in several ways. Plants make their own sustenance to survive in the natural world.What is combustion?Combustion is a chemical reaction that takes place between two or more substances and releases heat and light in the form of a flame.

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Anil accidentally swallows a substance that activates the complement cascade in the absence of bound antibodies. this substance would:_______

Answers

Answer:

This substance would cause cause an extensive cellular damage to Anil.

How many significant figures are in this mass ? 25 , 803 , 000 , 000 mg

Answers

We have five significant figures in the value 25 , 803 , 000 , 000 mg.

What is significant figures?

The term significant figures refers to the numbers of figures to which we can assign a mathematical values. The numbers that we refer to here must be non zero numbers.

The implies that we must look out for the values that are nonzero in the digits shown which is 25 , 803 , 000 , 000 mg. A close look at this values shows us that we have five figures that can be assigned values.

Thus we have five significant figures in the value 25 , 803 , 000 , 000 mg.

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How much ice in grams would have to melt to lower the temperature of 356 mL of water from 35 ∘C to 0 ∘C ? (Assume that the density of water is 1.0 g/mL .)

Answers

Answer:

156.16 gm of ice

Explanation:

I will assume the ice starts at  0 C

As the ice melts, it produces water at  0 C  so we do not need to calculate THAT water being cooled....only the 356 ml being cooled to 0 C

356  gm *  4.186 j/gm-c  * (35 c)   = 52157.56 j

  this is the heat absorbed by the melting ice

x gm * 334 j / gm   = 52157.56 j           (334 j/gm is heat of fusion of water)

x = 156.16 gm of ice required

Calculate the mass of 3.4 moles of nitric acid (hno3). explain the process or show your work by including all values used to determine the answer.

Answers

Answer:

6.34917360^25g

Explanation:

It's been a while since I've done this type of problem so I'm not making any promises that its right hahaha, but I hope it helps anyway. Please let me know whether I'm right or not!

Compared with the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water. How much energy is released when they recombine?.

Answers

The same amount of energy is released when they recombine.

How to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water?Electrolysis is a promising choice for without carbon hydrogen creation from inexhaustible and atomic assets. Electrolysis is the method involved with utilizing power to part water into hydrogen and oxygen. This response happens in a unit called an electrolyzer. Electrolyzers can go in size from little, apparatus size hardware that is appropriate for limited scope dispersed hydrogen creation to huge scope, focal creation offices that could be tied straightforwardly to sustainable or other non-ozone depleting substance radiating types of power creation.How Does it Work?

Like energy components, electrolyzers comprise of an anode and a cathode isolated by an electrolyte. Different electrolyzers capability in various ways, fundamentally because of the different kind of electrolyte material included and the ionic species it conducts.

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Unless otherwise instructed, you may use the periodic table in the Chemistry: Problems and Solutions
book for this test.
Which series of atomic numbers represents the ordering of consecutive elements within the periodic table?
O 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
O 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
O 10, 20, 30, 40, ...
O 2, 4, 8, 16, ...

Answers

The sequence of atomic numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 denotes the periodic table's ordering of following elements.

What purpose do series serve?

Series are significant because they offer a possible point of entry. It's possible for a user to merely be aware of the fact that a publication is part of a specific series or to be searching for all publications in that series without being aware of any of the individual titles. The series could potentially be used as a storage and control system.

A series element is what?

There are two ways to recognize elements in a series: The elements are in series if there are two and only two connections between them and a single node. When two elements' currents are determined to be similar by KCL at a node, the elements are in series.

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Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called?

Answers

Answer:

Alkanes

Explanation:

Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the parent chain carbons.

Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond between the parent chain carbons.

Alkynes are hydrocarbons containing at least one triple bond between the parent chain carbons.

One metal object is a cube with edges 3.00 cm and a mass of 140.4 g. a second is a sphere with a radius of 1.42 cm and a mass of 61.6 g. are these objects made of the same metal?

Answers

Yes, the objects made of the same metal.

The volume of the first object, which is a cube, is equal to the edge length cubed.

This volume is converted to mL as follows:

V1 = [tex](3 cm)^{3}[/tex] = 27 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex] = 27 mL

Based on its given mass, the density will be:

d1 = m1/V1

   = 140.4g/ 27.0 mL

   = 5.20g/mL

The following thing is a sphere. We calculate the volume of a sphere using the following formula, with the result expressed in  mL:

V1 = 4/3 *[tex]\pi[/tex]* [tex](1.42)^{2}[/tex]

= 12 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

= 12 mL

The density based on the following mass will be 

d2= m2/V2

= 61.6 g/12.0 mL

= 5.14 g/mL

These two computed densities are separated by about 1%. We can determine that these objects are made of the same metal based on the precision of +/- 1% provided.

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A coin collector has a bag of 50 pennies. What is the percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies? ASAP ANSWER PLS.

Answers

The percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies is 56%.

What is percent abundance?

Percent abundance is the percentage amount of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

Percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies

The percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies is calculated as follows;

percent abundance = number of  post-1982 pennies / total number of pennies x 100%

percent abundance =  (28) / (50) x 100%

percent abundance =  56%

Thus, the percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies is 56%.

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Answer:

FOR PRE 44

Explanation:

22/50X100=44

The instructions for the experiment direct you to prepare 30 mL of 1.5 M HCl solution. In the chemical closet, you locate an 18M stock solution of HCl. What volume of the 18M HCl is needed to make the solution?

Answers

The volume of the 18M HCl needed to make the solution will be 2.5 mL.

Dilution

According to the dilution principle, the number of moles of solutes in a solution before and after dilution must remain the same.

Since, mole = molarity x volume

Thus, molarity x volume before dilution = molarity x volume after dilution.

Mathematically, the equation is written as: m1v1 = m2v2

In this case, m1 = 18 M, m2 = 1.5 M, and v2 = 30 mL.

What we are looking for is v1, the amount of the stock HCl needed for dilution.

v1 = m2v2/m1 = 1.5 x 30/18 = 2.5 mL.

Thus, 2.5 mL of the stock HCl would be needed.

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List 4 major types of inhibition modes and clearly indicate the effect on vmax and km for each mode?

Answers

The 4 major types of inhibition are  Competitive Inhibition, Non-competitive Reversible Inhibition,  Non-competitive Irreversible Inhibition, and  Uncompetitive Inhibition.

Types of inhibition modes:

1. Competitive Inhibition: Competing inhibitors are substances that resemble an enzyme's natural substrate so closely that they vie for the active site. In order to stop additional reactions, the inhibitor binds to the active site and stays there.

The inhibitor and substrate fight for the enzyme's active site because the enzyme may react with the inhibitor and release the products as it normally would with its substrate

2. Non-competitive Inhibition:

Reversible: There is no competition in this instance because the inhibitor and substrate are not related. The substrate and the inhibitor may mix at various places of the complexes of the enzymes [E-I], [E-S], and [E-I-S].

And in the Michaelis equation, this kind of inhibition lowers V max but has no impact on Km.The rate at which the enzyme is fully saturated is given by V = V max [S] / Km + [S] (V max).

(Km): The substrate is the Michaelis constant, at which the reaction rate is halved, or at V maximum.

Irreversible: These kinds of inhibitors impact the chemical alteration of an amino acid residue in the enzyme that plays a function in catalysis when they join with the enzyme nearby or at the active site.

       Additionally, this kind of inhibition lowers Vmax but has no impact on Km.

3. Uncompetitive Inhibition: is the last type, where the inhibitor attaches to the [E-S] complex to create [E-S-I] even if it has no affinity for the enzyme.

However, this kind of inhibition lowers both Vmax and Km.

Learn more about inhibition here:

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