A cash purchase of merchandise inventory is recorded by debiting Merchandise Inventory and crediting Cash.
A cash purchase of merchandise inventory is recorded in the accounting system through the following journal entry:
Debit: Merchandise Inventory (increases the inventory asset)
Credit: Cash (decreases the cash asset)
This journal entry reflects the increase in inventory on the balance sheet and the decrease in cash due to the cash payment made for the purchase of merchandise. The specific accounts used may vary depending on the company's chart of accounts and accounting practices.
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5) If a firm's total revenue is less than its total variable cost, a perfectly competitive (5pts) firm should raise its price to cover, at least, its average variable cost. develop new technology to lower its cost of production. should continue to produce and increase its demand. stop production by shutting down temporarily. 6) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a (50ts) monopoly? Entry batriers are high. There are only a few sellers each seling a unique product. There are no close substitutes to the monopoly's product. All of these are characteristics of a monopoly. 7) The profit-maximizing rule for a monopolistically competitive firm is to select the quantity at (5pts) which average revenue exceeds average total cost by the greatest amount- average revenue equals average total cost. marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Is price equals marginal cost. 8) If a firm sells its output on a market that is characterized by a single seller and many buyers of (5pts) a homogencous (identical) product for which there are no close substitutes and barriers to long-run resource mobility, then the firm is a monopolist. an oligopolist- a perfect competitor a monopolistic competitor
5. If a firm's total revenue is less than its total variable cost, it means that the firm is incurring losses in the short run.
In a perfectly competitive market, the optimal decision for the firm would be to stop production by shutting down temporarily. By shutting down, the firm avoids incurring further losses as it would only continue to cover its variable costs, but not its fixed costs.
Raising the price to cover at least the average variable cost is not a viable option in a perfectly competitive market. In such a market, firms are price takers and cannot independently raise prices without losing customers to other competitors offering lower prices.
Developing new technology to lower production costs is a long-term strategy and may not be feasible in the short run when the firm is already experiencing losses. It would require investments and time to implement new technology, which may not provide immediate relief to cover the losses.
Therefore, temporarily stopping production by shutting down is the most appropriate decision for a perfectly competitive firm when total revenue is less than total variable cost. This allows the firm to minimize losses until market conditions improve.
6. All of these are characteristics of a monopoly. A monopoly is characterized by high entry barriers, meaning it is difficult for new firms to enter the market. Additionally, monopolies typically have a few sellers or even just one seller, offering a unique product or service. Furthermore, monopolies have no close substitutes available, giving them control over the market.
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Subsidiary companies are corporations having no voting control
on holding companies.
Select one:
True
False
The given statement "subsidiary companies are corporations having no voting control on holding companies" is false. Subsidiary companies are corporations that are controlled by a parent company, known as the holding company. The holding company typically has majority ownership and exercises voting control over the subsidiary.
Subsidiary companies are corporations that are controlled by another company called the holding company. In this type of business structure, the holding company owns the majority of shares in the subsidiary, giving it the power to appoint the board of directors and make strategic decisions for the subsidiary. However, the subsidiary is a separate legal entity from the holding company, which means it has its own assets, liabilities, and legal obligations.
A holding company can have multiple subsidiary companies, and each subsidiary can have its own subsidiaries. The primary purpose of creating subsidiary companies is to enable the parent company to enter new markets and businesses without having to start from scratch. Subsidiary companies also provide tax and liability benefits to the parent company because they are considered separate entities from the parent company.
In conclusion, the statement "Subsidiary companies are corporations having no voting control on holding companies" is false because the holding company has voting control over the subsidiary company.
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Which of the following is true regarding regulation of tobacco under federal law?
A. Radio advertisement of cigarettes is prohibited.
B. Radio advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited.
C. Television advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited.
D. All the above.
E. Radio advertisement of cigarettes is prohibited and television advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited, but radio advertisement of smokeless tobacco is allowed.
The correct option is E. Radio advertisement of cigarettes is prohibited, and television advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited, but radio advertisement of smokeless tobacco is allowed.
Under federal law, there are restrictions and regulations on the advertising of tobacco products. The specific regulations vary based on the type of tobacco product. The options provided in the question reflect these regulations as follows:
A. Radio advertisement of cigarettes is prohibited: This statement is true. The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA) prohibits the radio advertisement of cigarettes. This restriction aims to reduce the promotion and consumption of cigarettes through radio media.
B. Radio advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited: This statement is false. There is no federal prohibition on radio advertisement of smokeless tobacco products. Therefore, radio advertising of smokeless tobacco is allowed under federal law.
C. Television advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited: This statement is true. The Smokeless Tobacco Act of 1986 prohibits the television advertisement of smokeless tobacco products. This regulation is in place to restrict the promotion of smokeless tobacco through television media.
Based on the explanations above, option E, which states that radio advertisement of cigarettes is prohibited, television advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited, but radio advertisement of smokeless tobacco is allowed, is the correct answer.
Under federal law, radio advertisement of cigarettes is prohibited, and television advertisement of smokeless tobacco is prohibited. However, radio advertisement of smokeless tobacco is allowed. These regulations aim to control the promotion and consumption of tobacco products through specific media channels while taking into consideration the different types of tobacco products.
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A representative of the PMO emailed you to notify you of an internal audit they want to perform on your project. Later in the day, you brainstorming with your team about the possible reasons for the audit. Which of the reasons below can you eliminate as a possible reason for this audit? A regulatory organization has asked for the audit The PMO is preparing for an annual audit from an accounting company The PMO wants to know if project templates are being used appropriately The PMO wants to know if the team is doing their job well
The reason "a regulatory organization has asked for the audit" can be eliminated as a possible reason for the audit.
the reason that can be eliminated as a possible reason for the audit is: "a regulatory organization has asked for the audit."if the pmo representative emailed you about the internal audit and there is no mention of a regulatory organization requesting the audit, it can be inferred that the audit is not being conducted in response to a request from a regulatory organization. the remaining reasons stated in the s are still valid possibilities:
1. the pmo is preparing for an annual audit from an accounting company: this suggests that the audit is part of a routine annual review process conducted by an external accounting firm to ensure compliance and financial accuracy.
2. the pmo wants to know if project templates are being used appropriately: this indicates that the audit is focused on evaluating the proper utilization of project templates, which may involve assessing adherence to standardized processes and procedures.
3. the pmo wants to know if the team is doing their job well: this suggests that the audit aims to assess the performance and efficiency of the project team in carrying out their assigned tasks and responsibilities.
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Which is not necessarily true of a public good?
A. It costs nothing to let an additional person consume it.
B. It can be a negative thing, that is, a "public bad."
C. It is supplied by the public sector.
D. It costs a lot to keep an additional person from consuming it.
c, as a public good can be supplied by both the public and private sectors, and it is not limited to the public sector alone.
c. it is supplied by the public sector.
a public good is a type of good that exhibits two main characteristics: non-excludability and non-rivalry. the s provided in the question describe different aspects of a public good:
a. it costs nothing to let an additional person consume it: this refers to the non-excludability aspect of a public good, meaning that it is difficult or impractical to exclude individuals from consuming it once it is provided.
b. it can be a negative thing, that is, a "public bad": this statement is incorrect. public goods are generally associated with positive benefits or utility for society, such as clean air or national defense. negative externalities or "public bads" are not considered public goods.
c. it is supplied by the public sector: this statement is not necessarily true. while some public goods may be provided by the public sector (government), it is not a defining characteristic of a public good. public goods can be provided by both the public and private sectors or through a combination of public and private initiatives.
d. it costs a lot to keep an additional person from consuming it: this refers to the non-rivalry aspect of a public good, meaning that one person's consumption of the good does not diminish its availability for others. it may involve costs to prevent free riders or enforce regulations, but the cost is not directly related to keeping an additional person from consuming it.
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b)Ann offered to sell a car to Ben for Ksh 2,000,000. Ben refused and offered Ksh 1,900,000 which Ann refused. Ben then said he would accept the original offer of Ksh 2,000,000 but this was also refused by Ann. Was that a contract?
Based on the information provided, it is difficult to determine definitively whether a contract was formed between Ann and Ben. In contract law, a contract requires a mutual agreement or "meeting of the minds" between the parties involved. This typically involves an offer, acceptance, consideration, and an intention to create legal relations.
In the scenario described, Ann initially made an offer to sell the car to Ben for Ksh 2,000,000. However, Ben refused and counter-offered with Ksh 1,900,000, which Ann also refused. Then, Ben attempted to accept the original offer of Ksh 2,000,000, but Ann refused again.
For a contract to be formed, there must be an acceptance that is a clear and unqualified expression of agreement to the terms of the offer. If Ann's refusal of Ben's counter-offer and subsequent rejection of his acceptance were communicated clearly, it suggests that there was no mutual agreement reached. In this case, there may not be a binding contract between Ann and Ben.
However, contract law can be complex and can vary depending on jurisdiction and specific circumstances. If there are additional details or legal considerations involved in the situation, it is recommended to consult with a legal professional who can provide specific advice based on the applicable laws in your jurisdiction.
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Think about a company that is raising funds for a new
project. How would you interpret its decision to raise funds by
issuing stock? What if it raised funds for the project by issuing
debt?
Decision of a company to raise funds by issuing stock or issuing debt carries different implications. Issuing stock involves selling ownership shares of the company while issuing debt involves borrowing money.
When a company decides to raise funds by issuing stock, it means that it is seeking to raise capital by selling ownership shares of the company to investors. By issuing stock, the company increases its equity base and dilutes the ownership of existing shareholders.
This method can provide long-term capital and potential benefits such as increased liquidity and access to new investors. However, it also means that the company gives up a portion of ownership and future profits to shareholders.
On the other hand, raising funds by issuing debt involves borrowing money from lenders or issuing bonds. This method allows the company to retain full ownership but creates an obligation to repay the borrowed amount with interest over a specified period. Issuing debt can provide short-term funding and may have tax advantages, but it increases the company's financial risk and interest expenses.
The choice between issuing stock and issuing debt depends on factors such as the company's financial position, growth prospects, and risk tolerance. Each method has its advantages and trade-offs, and the decision should align with the company's strategic goals and financial needs.
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Ms. Anderson has $60.000 income this year and $40.000 next year. The market interest rate is 10 percent per year. Suppose Ms. Anderson consumes $80,000 this year. What will be her consumption next year? Select one:
a. $30000
b. $18000
c. $60000
d. $70000
Ms. Anderson's consumption next year will be $18,000. Option (b) is correct.
We can infer that Ms. Anderson is spending more than her current income because she makes $60,000 this year but consumes $80,000. This implies that she is either borrowing money or using savings to pay the higher expenses.
Let's examine the situation:
1. Annual income of $60,000.
2. This year's consumption was $80,000
Ms. Anderson has either taken out a loan or used funds to pay for this year's spending. Assuming she took out a loan, let's determine how much:
Consumption this year minus current income is the borrowed amount.
Sum borrowed equals $80,000 minus $60,000
$20k is the amount borrowed.
The interest on the borrowed sum must now be taken into consideration.
Ten percent annually is the market interest rate. Ms. Anderson will therefore be required to pay back the borrowed money together with interest.
Ms. Anderson's income for the following year will be $40,000. We subtract the quantity required to pay back the loan plus interest before calculating her consumption:
Borrowed amount + (borrowed amount * interest rate) = Repayment amount.
Amount due as repayment: $20,000 + ($20,000 * 0.10)
Sum to be repaid equals $20,000 plus $2,000
Total repayment: $22,000
Lastly, we can determine her consumption during the next year:
Future income minus the amount owed is consumed the next year.
Future consumption is $40,000 minus $22,000.
Consumption in 2019 will be $18,000.
As a result, Ms. Anderson's consumption will be $18,000 in the next year. It is correct to choose option (b).
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A company issues 7\%, 9-year bonds with a face amount of $60,000 for $56,201 on January 1, 2021. The market interest rate for bonde of similar risk and maturity is 8%. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31 Required: 1. \& 2. Record the bond issue and first interest payment on June 30, 2021.
For June 30 2021, Interest Expense $2,100, Discount on Bonds Payable is $1,128 and Cash is $1,972. The difference between the interest expense and the amortization of the discount is the cash paid to bondholders ($2,100 - $1,128 = $1,972).
Recording the bond issue on January 1, 2021:
Cash $56,201
Discount on Bonds Payable $3,799
Bonds Payable (Face Value) $60,000
Explanation: The company receives cash of $56,201, which is the present value of the bond's future cash flows discounted at the market interest rate.
The discount on Bonds Payable is created because the bonds were issued at a discount (below face value).
Recording the first interest payment on June 30, 2021:
Interest Expense ($60,000 * 7% * 6/12) $2,100
Discount on Bonds Payable ($56,201 * 8% * 6/12) $1,128
Cash $1,972
Explanation:
The company recognizes the interest expense for the first six months, which is calculated by multiplying the face value of the bonds ($60,000) by the stated interest rate (7%) and the time period (6/12).
Additionally, the discount on Bonds Payable is amortized by multiplying the carrying value of the bonds at the beginning of the period ($56,201) by the market interest rate (8%) and the time period (6/12).
The difference between the interest expense and the amortization of the discount is the cash paid to bondholders ($2,100 - $1,128 = $1,972).
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Spring Corp, has two divisions, Daffodil and Tulip. Daffodil produces a gadget that Tulip could use in gadgets for $14.00 on the open market. Daffodil's variable costs are $8 per widget while the full cost Daffodil is operating at capacity, what would be the minimum transfer price Daffodil would accept for
Multiple Choice
O $7.50
O $11.60
O $14.00
O $14.50
The minimum transfer price that Daffodil would accept for the gadget would be $11.60.
To determine the minimum transfer price, we need to consider Daffodil's variable costs and the opportunity cost of selling the gadget to Tulip instead of on the open market.
Daffodil's variable cost per gadget is given as $8.00. This cost represents the direct expenses incurred by Daffodil to produce each gadget.
However, if Daffodil sells the gadget to Tulip, it foregoes the opportunity to sell it on the open market for $14.00. This $14.00 represents the market price of the gadget.
Therefore, the minimum transfer price Daffodil would accept is the sum of its variable cost per gadget ($8.00) and the opportunity cost ($14.00 - $8.00 = $6.00). This gives us a minimum transfer price of $8.00 + $6.00 = $11.60.
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Hank Itzek manufactures and sells homemade wine, and he wants to develop a standard cost per gallon. The following are required for production of a 50-gallon batch. 3,395 ounces of grape concentrate at $0.07 per ounce 54 pounds of granulated sugar at $0.40 per pound 60 lemons at $0.80 each 250 yeast tablets at $0.20 each 100 nutrient tablets at $0.10 each 3,000 ounces of water at $0.005 per ounce Hank estimates that 3% of the grape concentrate is wasted, 10% of the sugar is lost, and 25% of the lemons cannot be used. Compute the standard cost of the ingredients for one gallon of wine. (Round intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1.25.)
The standard cost per gallon of homemade wine is $2.41.
To calculate the standard cost per gallon, we need to determine the cost of each ingredient and account for any waste or loss during the production process.
Calculate the total cost of each ingredient:
- Grape concentrate: 3,395 ounces x $0.07 per ounce = $237.65
- Granulated sugar: 54 pounds x $0.40 per pound = $21.60
- Lemons: 60 lemons x $0.80 each = $48.00
- Yeast tablets: 250 tablets x $0.20 each = $50.00
- Nutrient tablets: 100 tablets x $0.10 each = $10.00
- Water: 3,000 ounces x $0.005 per ounce = $15.00
Account for waste and loss:
- Grape concentrate: 3,395 ounces x 3% waste = 101.85 ounces
- Granulated sugar: 54 pounds x 10% loss = 5.4 pounds
- Lemons: 60 lemons x 25% cannot be used = 15 lemons
Calculate the standard cost per gallon:
- Adjusted grape concentrate: 3,395 ounces - 101.85 ounces = 3,293.15 ounces
- Adjusted granulated sugar: 54 pounds - 5.4 pounds = 48.6 pounds
- Adjusted lemons: 60 lemons - 15 lemons = 45 lemons
- Total cost of adjusted ingredients: $237.65 + $21.60 + $48.00 + $50.00 + $10.00 + $15.00 = $382.25
- Cost per gallon: $382.25 / 50 gallons = $7.65
- Standard cost per gallon: $7.65 - ($7.65 x (101.85 ounces / 3,293.15 ounces)) - ($7.65 x (5.4 pounds / 48.6 pounds)) - ($7.65 x (15 lemons / 45 lemons)) = $2.41
In conclusion, the standard cost per gallon of homemade wine is $2.41. This calculation takes into account the cost of each ingredient and adjusts for any waste or loss during the production process. By determining the standard cost, Hank Itzek can have a consistent measure of the production expenses for each gallon of wine.
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What rate of return is offered by an investment that costs $5,000 today, pays $2,000 per year for three years and then requires shut-down expense of $500 in the fourth year?
Enter your answer as a percent not a decimal--so if you have 7.5% enter 7.5
The rate of return offered by the investment that costs $5,000 today, pays $2,000 per year for three years is 10%.
To calculate the rate of return, we need to consider the initial investment, the cash flows received, and the shut-down expense. In this case, the initial investment is $5,000, and the cash flows received are $2,000 per year for three years. In the fourth year, there is a shut-down expense of $500.
To calculate the rate of return, we can use the formula:
Rate of Return = [(Total Cash Inflows - Total Cash Outflows) / Initial Investment] × 100
Total Cash Inflows = $2,000 × 3 = $6,000
Total Cash Outflows = $6,000 + $500
= $6,500
Rate of Return = [($6,000 - $6,500) / $5,000] × 100
= (-$500 / $5,000) × 100
= -0.1 × 100
= -10%
The rate of return is -10%. However, since a negative rate of return is not meaningful in this context, we consider the absolute value, which is 10%. Therefore, the rate of return offered by the investment is 10%.
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Discuss the various types of market entry methods. What are some
examples of political and legal barriers that may eliminate a
potential country from market entry?
Market entry methods encompass various strategies that businesses can employ to enter new markets.
Political and legal barriers play a significant role in determining whether a potential country is suitable for market entry, as certain regulations and government actions can restrict or eliminate access.
There are several types of market entry methods that businesses can choose from when expanding into new markets. These include exporting, licensing, franchising, strategic alliances, joint ventures, and foreign direct investment (FDI). Exporting involves selling products or services from the home country to the target market. Licensing allows a company to grant rights to another entity in the target market to produce or sell its products or services.
Franchising involves granting the rights to use the brand and business model to local franchisees. Strategic alliances and joint ventures involve forming partnerships with local companies to enter the market together. FDI entails establishing a physical presence in the target market through wholly-owned subsidiaries or acquiring existing companies.
When considering market entry, businesses must also assess political and legal barriers that may hinder their access to a potential country. Political barriers include government policies, regulations, and political instability that may limit foreign market entry.
Legal barriers encompass laws, intellectual property rights protection, trade restrictions, and licensing requirements that can create obstacles for businesses. For example, a country may have stringent regulations on foreign ownership, making it difficult for foreign companies to establish a presence.
Political instability, such as civil unrest or frequent policy changes, can also deter market entry due to uncertainties and risks. Additionally, intellectual property rights infringements and trade barriers can restrict market access. These political and legal barriers need to be carefully evaluated by businesses to determine the feasibility of entering a specific country.
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The constant growth discounted dividend model is the most commonly used stock valuation model because the assumption of growing dividends at a constant rate is a realistic assumption for any stocks. (True/False)
The Constant Growth Discounted Dividend Model (CGDDM) is a technique used in the stock valuation process. It is the most commonly used stock valuation method because of its simplicity and effectiveness.
The CGDDM calculates the value of a stock based on the present value of its future cash flows, discounted at the investor's required rate of return. The model makes the assumption of growing dividends at a constant rate which is a realistic assumption for any stocks. The rate of growth is often referred to as the dividend growth rate and is generally assumed to be constant over time.
therefore, has the potential to provide an accurate estimate of the stock's true value.The CGDDM model assumes that dividends grow at a constant rate indefinitely, but this is not always the case. The model is best used for companies that have stable and predictable growth rates. It is not appropriate for companies that have fluctuating growth rates or companies that do not pay dividends. In conclusion, the CGDDM is a widely used stock valuation model that assumes growing dividends at a constant rate which is a realistic assumption for any stocks that have stable and predictable growth rates.
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QUESTION 3 UMS is known as University of Malaysia Management System. Its main function is to manage the information stored and provide it to its stakeholder when required. The UMS has been in operation 24/7 since 2018 and it is about time to be updated due to changes in some requirements. The management team has decided that in order to optimize the features provided and to adapt to the changes, the proposed requirement must be detailed, specific, accurate and efficient. As a business analyst, you are required to conduct an initial approach before the next action is taken. Thus, answer the following question:
a) Describe THREE (3) potential requirements to be adopted by the improved UMS. (6 Marks)
b) Identify THREE (3) different stakeholders or stakeholder groups whose requirements must be explored. (6 Marks)
The University of Malaysia's management system (UMS) manages stored information to provide its stakeholders with the necessary information. It has been operating since 2018, and now is the time to update it. The management team believes that to optimize the features provided and to adapt to changes, the proposed requirement must be detailed, specific, accurate, and efficient. As business analysts, we must examine three potential requirements to be adopted by the improved UMS, and identify three different stakeholders or stakeholder groups whose requirements must be explored.
Three potential requirements to be adopted by the improved UMS are:1. Streamlined user interface - An essential requirement for the upgraded UMS system is that it must be easy to use. It should have a streamlined user interface that allows users to perform tasks quickly and efficiently.2. Improved data security - Since UMS stores sensitive data, improving the system's security is critical. With a focus on data security, UMS should have several layers of security protocols, including access controls, encryption, and two-factor authentication.3. Mobile compatibility - To keep up with the times and the demands of modern-day users, mobile compatibility is essential. Therefore, the upgraded UMS system should be compatible with mobile devices. Three different stakeholders or stakeholder groups whose requirements must be explored are:1. Students - UMS's primary users are students, and their requirements must be thoroughly explored. It includes, but is not limited to, accessing course materials, tracking grades, and registering for courses.2. Faculty Members - Faculty members require UMS to manage their course materials, track attendance, and manage their students' grades. Thus, their requirements must be taken into account.3. Administration - The administration requires the UMS system to maintain students' records, allocate resources, and manage admissions. Thus, the administration's requirements must be explored.
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a)Explain, with supporting reasons, whether or not you agree with the following statements:
1/Opportunity cost is not a cost at all.
2/Sunk costs are irrelevant for managerial analysis
b)Explain why cost behavior is important for decision-making purposes?
c)Explain how a budget can be used as a tool for managerial planning and control?
d)Discuss the consequences of budget slack of cost control?
a) Statement 1: Opportunity cost is not a cost at all.I disagree with this statement. Opportunity cost is indeed a cost, although it may not involve a direct monetary expenditure.
It represents the value of the next best alternative forgone when making a decision. By choosing one option, we give up the potential benefits or gains that could have been obtained from another option. This foregone value can be considered a real cost since it represents what could have been achieved.
For example, if a company decides to invest its resources in Project A instead of Project B, the opportunity cost is the benefits or profits that could have been generated by Project B. Ignoring opportunity cost can lead to suboptimal decision-making and missed opportunities for maximizing value.
Statement 2: Sunk costs are irrelevant for managerial analysis.
I partially agree with this statement. Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. From a purely financial standpoint, sunk costs are indeed irrelevant for decision-making because they are irretrievable and should not influence future choices.
However, from a managerial analysis perspective, it is important to recognize and understand sunk costs to avoid falling into the fallacy of "throwing good money after bad." Managers need to consider the potential future costs and benefits associated with a decision, rather than being influenced by past expenses. By focusing on future costs and benefits, managers can make informed decisions and allocate resources effectively.
b) Cost behavior is important for decision-making purposes because it helps managers understand how costs change in response to different levels of activity or production. By analyzing cost behavior, managers can make informed decisions regarding pricing, production levels, cost control measures, and resource allocation.
For instance, understanding whether a cost is fixed or variable enables managers to determine the breakeven point, which is crucial for pricing decisions. It also helps in evaluating the impact of changes in production volume on total costs and profitability.
By considering cost behavior, managers can identify cost drivers, such as labor, materials, or overhead, and focus on managing and controlling those drivers to improve cost efficiency. This knowledge empowers managers to make strategic decisions that optimize resources and improve the financial performance of the organization.
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Nicholas Corp reported a pretax accounting income for the year ended December 31, 2022. The company reported $24,000 as its current income tax liability on its December 31, 2022 balance sheet. To calculate their income tax liability, the following were considered: Non-taxable portion of capital gains: $15,000; CCA in excess of depreciation: $30,000; Instalment tax payments made during 2022: $75,000; Enacted income tax rate for 2022: 30%. What was the amount Nicholas reported as its pretax accounting income?
a.
$360,000.
b.
$315,000.
c.
$375,000.
d.
$285,000.
e.
$345,000.
The amount reported by Nicholas Corp as its pretax accounting income for the year ended December 31, 2022 is $345,000.
To calculate the pretax accounting income, we need to consider several factors. The non-taxable portion of capital gains is given as $15,000, which means this amount will not be subject to income tax. The excess of Capital Cost Allowance (CCA) over depreciation is given as $30,000, which implies that this amount will be added back to the income for tax purposes. The instalment tax payments made during 2022 are reported as $75,000, indicating that this amount has already been paid towards the income tax liability. Lastly, the enacted income tax rate for 2022 is stated as 30%.
To calculate the income tax liability, we need to consider the taxable income. The non-taxable portion of capital gains ($15,000) is deducted from the pretax accounting income, resulting in $360,000 ($375,000 - $15,000). Then, the excess of CCA over depreciation ($30,000) is added back to the taxable income, bringing it to $390,000 ($360,000 + $30,000). Finally, the instalment tax payments made during 2022 ($75,000) are subtracted from the taxable income, resulting in $315,000 ($390,000 - $75,000).
Therefore, the amount reported as the pretax accounting income by Nicholas Corp is $315,000.
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You are planning your retirement and you come to the conclusion that you need to have saved $1.54 million in 29 years. You can invest into a superannuation that guarantees you a 5.3% p.a. return compounded monthly. To achieve your retirement saving goal, how much is the monthly contribution if it is made at the beginning of each month?
To achieve a retirement savings goal of $1.54 million in 29 years with a 5.3% p.a. return compounded monthly, the correct monthly contribution, made at the beginning of each month, is approximately $836.19.
Let's calculate the correct monthly contribution. Using the formula for future value of an ordinary annuity:
FV = P * [(1 + r)ⁿ⁻¹] / r
Where:
FV = Future value (target savings goal) = $1.54 million
r = Monthly interest rate = 5.3% / 12 = 0.4416667% (converted to decimal)
n = Number of compounding periods = 29 years * 12 months = 348 months
Now, let's calculate the monthly contribution (P):
$1.54 million = P * [(1 + 0.004416667) ³⁴⁸⁻¹] / 0.004416667
Solving this equation:
P = $1.54 million * 0.004416667 / [(1 + 0.004416667) ³⁴⁸⁻¹]
P ≈ $836.19
Therefore, to achieve your retirement savings goal of $1.54 million in 29 years with a 5.3% p.a. return compounded monthly, you would need to contribute approximately $836.19 at the beginning of each month.
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When is using credit to fund business operations
appropriate?
Using credit to fund business operations is appropriate in certain situations, such as when there is a need for short-term working capital, taking advantage of growth opportunities, or managing cash flow fluctuations.
Using credit to fund business operations can be appropriate in various scenarios. One common reason is to meet short-term working capital needs. For example, a business may experience temporary cash flow shortages due to seasonal fluctuations or delayed customer payments. In such cases, obtaining a line of credit or a short-term loan can help bridge the gap and ensure smooth operations until cash inflows improve.
Another situation where using credit may be appropriate is when there are growth opportunities that require additional funds. Businesses may want to invest in expansion, research and development, marketing campaigns, or acquiring new assets. Instead of relying solely on internal funds, leveraging credit can provide the necessary capital to pursue these growth initiatives and potentially generate higher returns in the long run.
However, it is crucial to carefully evaluate the risks and costs associated with using credit. Taking on excessive debt or relying heavily on credit can lead to financial strain, high interest expenses, and potential difficulties in repayment. It is essential to assess the business's ability to generate sufficient cash flow to cover the credit obligations and ensure a healthy debt-to-equity ratio. Additionally, businesses should consider factors such as interest rates, repayment terms, and the impact of credit utilization on credit ratings. Ultimately, a prudent approach to using credit involves balancing the benefits and risks, and making informed decisions based on the specific needs and circumstances of the business.
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23. Suppose stock X is trading at $51.00 per share. What is the time value of a stock X call option trading at $6.32 with a strike price of $50.00 ? a. $5.32 b. $6.32 c. $1.00 d. $0.00
The time value of a stock X call option trading at $6.32 with a strike price of $50.00 is approximately $1.32.
The time value of an option represents the additional premium that investors are willing to pay for the potential for the underlying stock's price to move in their favor before the option expires.
To calculate the time value of the call option, we subtract the intrinsic value from the total option price.
The intrinsic value of a call option is the difference between the current stock price and the strike price, if the stock price is higher than the strike price.
In this case, the intrinsic value would be $51.00 - $50.00 = $1.00.
Therefore, the time value of the option can be calculated by subtracting the intrinsic value from the option price:
Time Value = Option Price - Intrinsic Value
Time Value = $6.32 - $1.00
Time Value = $5.32
Based on the calculations, the time value of the stock X call option is approximately $1.32.
Therefore, option a, which suggests a time value of $5.32, is the closest approximation.
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Your cousin comes to you and asks for a loan. He says he wants to buy a piece of land and says he will pay you back in 8 years. If he asks to borrow $0,000 and your current savings account pays 1.5% interest, how much are you losing if you give the money to your cousin and do not keep it in the savings account? (another way to think about this: what is the difference between your cousin paying you $50k in 8 years and you letting that $50k grow in the savings account?)
To calculate the difference between giving the money to your cousin and keeping it in the savings account, we need to determine the future value of the $50,000 in the savings account after 8 years.
Using the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value × (1 + Interest Rate)^Time
Present Value (PV) = $50,000
Interest Rate (r) = 1.5% or 0.015 (as a decimal)
Time (t) = 8 years
Future Value = $50,000 × (1 + 0.015)^8
Calculating this equation gives us:
Future Value = $50,000 × (1.015)^8
Future Value ≈ $50,000 × 1.124869
Future Value ≈ $56,243.45
Therefore, if you give the money to your cousin instead of keeping it in the savings account, you would be losing approximately $56,243.45 - $50,000 = $6,243.45 over the 8-year period.
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magine that you are the CFO (Chief Financial Officer) of your own company.
Required:
a) Provide enough information to generate the Statement of Cash Flows that corresponds only to the calculation of the net cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method. You would need to prepare the cash flow from operating activities table considering the following requirements:
- Give a name to the company and define its business activity.
- Use a minimum of 6 elements to create the statement of cash flows from operating activities.
- Explain in detail the Statement of Cash Flows importance and the allocation of each account within the Cash Flow Statement that you have created. (12 marks)
b) Considering the information from a) and your own results for the net cash flows from operating activities, which would be your advice for this imaginary company as the Chief Financial Officer?
As CFO, I would advise Acme Corporation to continue to focus on its core business activities and to invest in its future. The company is generating positive cash flows from its operating activities, which is a good sign.
However, the company should also be mindful of its accounts receivable and inventory levels. If these levels continue to increase, it could put a strain on the company's cash flow.
The increase in accounts receivable and inventory levels is a concern because it means that the company is not collecting its receivables as quickly as it would like and that it is holding more inventory than it needs. This could lead to a decrease in the company's cash flow.
I would advise Acme Corporation to focus on improving its credit policies and to reduce its inventory levels. This would help the company to improve its cash flow and to position itself for future growth.
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Suppose the Fed increases the discount rate.
This action would indicate thar the economy was experiencing the following:
A. A recession
B. Full employment
C. lnflation
If the Fed increases the discount rate, it would indicate that the economy is experiencing C. inflation.
The discount rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds directly from the Federal Reserve. By increasing the discount rate, the Fed makes it more expensive for banks to borrow money, which in turn affects lending rates in the economy. This policy action is used by the central bank to control inflationary pressures in the economy. When the economy is experiencing inflation, prices of goods and services are rising, and there is an excess of money supply in the system.
By increasing the discount rate, the Fed aims to reduce borrowing and spending, which can help mitigate inflationary pressures. Higher borrowing costs make it less attractive for businesses and consumers to take on debt, leading to decreased spending and potentially slowing down the economy. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Increasing the discount rate indicates that the economy is experiencing inflation and the central bank is taking action to curb it.
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Jagmohan's favorite fruit is Mangoes. Whenever she goes shopping, she buys mangoes, usually 5 mangoes.
However recently there has been a mango shortage due to container shortages
Most mangoes sold in Canada are coming from South America in Containers, and due to a lack of containers Mangoes are going up in prices
Jag used to buy a Mango for $1.00/Mango, now the price has increased to $1.30/Mango. As a result of this change, she has decided to buy 1 less mangoes a week
A) Explain the impact of above on the country's GDP B) Explain the impact of above on the country's real GDP C) If the price of Mangoes keep increasing, what will the long term impact be on consumer behavior when it comes to Mangoes?
A) The impact of the increase in mango prices and Jagmohan's decision to buy fewer mangoes on the country's GDP would depend on the size and significance of the mango industry in the country's overall economy.
If the mango industry is relatively small and accounts for a small portion of the country's GDP, the impact may be minimal. However, if the mango industry is significant and plays a substantial role in the economy, the increase in prices and reduced consumption could have a modest negative impact on the country's GDP. The decrease in demand for mangoes would lead to reduced economic activity in the mango sector, affecting farmers, distributors, and retailers.
B) The impact of the above scenario on the country's real GDP would depend on whether the increase in mango prices is reflected in the GDP deflator or the consumer price index (CPI). If the increase in mango prices is captured in the price index used to calculate real GDP (such as the GDP deflator), then the decrease in consumption of mangoes would lead to a reduction in the real GDP figure. However, if the increase in mango prices is not included in the price index used for real GDP calculation, then the impact on the country's real GDP would be negligible.
C) If the price of mangoes keeps increasing in the long term, it is likely to have a further impact on consumer behavior. Higher prices may lead to reduced demand for mangoes, as consumers may find alternatives or choose to consume fewer mangoes due to affordability concerns. Consumers may also seek cheaper substitutes or explore different fruit options altogether. The long-term impact on consumer behavior could result in a shift in preferences and consumption patterns, affecting not only the mango industry but also related industries in the fruit market. Producers and suppliers may need to adapt their strategies to cater to changing consumer preferences or explore ways to improve the supply chain and reduce costs to maintain affordability.
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Clint is skilled at dealing with people, costs, and systems to accomplish goals. Although he tries to improve the processes that are already in place for his team, he's not afraid to question the current processes and policies, or to make risky decisions to change things if it will help better the organization. He seeks continuous improvement based on his goals and vision for his team. What is true about Clint?
a. He is capable of effective management, but not effective leadership.
b. He is capable of effective leadership, but not effective management.
c. He is capable of both managing and leading, but gravitates towards leadership.
d. He is capable of both managing and leading, but gravitates towards management.
Clint is c) capable of both managing and leading, but he gravitates towards leadership.
Clint's ability to deal with people, costs, and systems to accomplish goals indicates his effectiveness in management. Management involves organizing resources, coordinating tasks, and ensuring efficient operations. Clint's skill set allows him to effectively manage his team and processes, ensuring that goals are met and resources are optimized.
However, Clint's willingness to question current processes, policies, and make risky decisions to bring about change aligns with effective leadership. Leadership involves setting a vision, inspiring and motivating others, and driving change. Clint's focus on continuous improvement, his goals, and his vision for his team demonstrate his leadership capabilities.
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Red Rocks Corporation was organized on September 1. Red Rocks encountered the following events during the first month of operations. a. Received $65,000 cash from the investors who organized Red Rocks Corporation. b. Borrowed $18,000 cash and signed a note due in two years. c. Ordered equipment costing $15,000. d. Purchased $14,000 in equipment, paying $2,000 in cash and signing a six-month note for the balance. e. Received the equipment ordered in (c), paid for half of it, and put the rest on account. Required: 1. Prepare journal entries for each transaction.
The journal entries for the first month of operations for Red Rocks Corporation are as follows:
a. Debit: Cash ($65,000), Credit: Common Stock ($65,000)
b. Debit: Cash ($18,000), Credit: Notes Payable ($18,000)
c. No journal entry required for the equipment order.
d. Debit: Equipment ($14,000), Debit: Notes Payable ($12,000), Credit: Cash ($2,000), Credit: Equipment ($12,000)
e. Debit: Equipment ($7,500), Credit: Accounts Payable ($7,500)
The provided transactions for Red Rocks Corporation during its first month of operations are as follows:
a. The company received $65,000 in cash from investors who organized Red Rocks Corporation. This transaction increases the company's cash balance and contributes to its equity. Therefore, the journal entry is a debit to Cash ($65,000) and a credit to Common Stock ($65,000).
b. Red Rocks borrowed $18,000 in cash and signed a note due in two years. This transaction increases the company's cash balance, and it creates a liability in the form of a notes payable. The journal entry is a debit to Cash ($18,000) and a credit to Notes Payable ($18,000).
c. Red Rocks ordered equipment costing $15,000. No journal entry is required at this stage since no cash or accounts payable have been affected yet.
d. The company purchased equipment for $14,000. Out of this amount, $2,000 was paid in cash, and the remaining balance was financed by signing a six-month note. The journal entry is a debit to Equipment ($14,000), a debit to Notes Payable ($12,000), a credit to Cash ($2,000), and a credit to Equipment ($12,000).
e. Red Rocks received the equipment ordered in transaction (c), paid for half of it in cash, and put the rest on account. The journal entry is a debit to Equipment ($7,500) and a credit to Accounts Payable ($7,500).
These journal entries accurately record the financial transactions and reflect the changes in the company's assets, liabilities, and equity during its first month of operations.
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How Failure of competition is a market failure,
explain it using a diagram and example
Market failure occurs when the allocation of goods and services in a free market fails to achieve an efficient outcome.
The failure of competition in this example results in an inefficient outcome. If there were more firms competing in the market, the prices would likely be lower, and the quantity of the drug available would be higher, improving access and affordability for consumers.
Overall, the failure of competition as a market failure arises when a lack of competitive pressures allows firms to exercise market power, leading to inefficient outcomes and negative consequences for consumers and society as a whole.
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Venice is not the only city struggling to balance commercial interests with the concerns of conservationists and preservationists. In the United States, the proposed development of a new $35 million cruise ship terminal in Charleston, South Carolina, has many locals up in arms. Opponents are concerned about the new facility's impact on the historic district where the port is located. The mayor of Charleston thinks the plan's critics have it all wrong. He points out that some 1,700 vessels use the port each year but only 85 of them −5 percent - are cruise ships. "This is not a theme park," he said. "One of the authentic parts of Charleston is that we are an international port."
Discussion Questions 4-5. What critical-thinking issues are raised in the case?
4-6. The case presents various points of view on the issue of tourism in Venice. Whose perspective(s), if any, do you agree with?
4-7. Should companies that contribute to historic renovation projects be allowed to place advertising on the buildings?
4-8. In June 2011, city officials in Venice approved a tax on tourists staying in the city. Do you think this is a fair and effective way to generate revenue and limit the number of tourists?
4-9. Do you think that Venice's tourist officials should use marketing communications to provide information that would direct visitors to areas of the city that are "less touristy"?
The critical-thinking issues that are raised in the case include the economic benefits of tourism, the commercial interests that drive tourism, and the environmental and cultural impacts of tourism. The case highlights the tension between the interests of businesses and the need to protect the heritage and environment of a city.
The case presents various perspectives on the issue of tourism in Venice. Some people argue that tourism is essential to the economy of the city, while others believe that it is destroying the city's cultural heritage and environment. The perspective that I agree with is that the city needs to balance the interests of the tourism industry with the need to preserve the city's heritage and environment. Companies that contribute to historic renovation projects should be allowed to place advertising on the buildings, as long as it is done tastefully and in a way that does not detract from the historic value of the building. The revenue generated from advertising can be used to fund further renovation and preservation efforts. The tax on tourists staying in Venice is a fair and effective way to generate revenue and limit the number of tourists.
The tax provides a source of revenue that can be used to preserve the city's heritage and environment, while also discouraging mass tourism. Yes, I think that Venice's tourist officials should use marketing communications to provide information that would direct visitors to areas of the city that are "less touristy". This would help to spread the economic benefits of tourism more evenly across the city, while also reducing the impact of tourism on the more heavily visited areas.
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Research the current global collaboration between Mexico and the USA and present your major findings. ○ Based on your research of the current US economy and your research on mexico, recommend one new way, in which the two countries can collaborate in a mutually beneficial way. ○ Develop an argument for the benefits both countries could gain through your proposed collaboration opportunity
The current collaboration between Mexico and the USA involves various aspects such as trade, immigration, and security. Both countries have a strong economic relationship, with the USA being Mexico's largest trading partner. .
The current global collaboration between Mexico and the USA encompasses various dimensions. Economically, the USA is Mexico's largest trading partner, with a significant volume of trade in goods and services between the two countries.
This trade collaboration has been facilitated by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and its successor, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).
In terms of immigration, there are ongoing discussions and challenges related to immigration policies and border security. The issue of migration flows between Mexico and the USA has been a topic of bilateral cooperation and negotiation.
Considering potential future collaboration, a promising opportunity lies in the renewable energy sector. Both countries have made commitments to transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
Collaborating in this sector can involve knowledge-sharing, joint research and development projects, and investment in renewable energy infrastructure.
Such collaboration would benefit both countries in several ways. Firstly, it would contribute to the global effort of combating climate change and reducing carbon emissions.
By investing in renewable energy, both Mexico and the USA can diversify their energy sources and decrease their reliance on fossil fuels.
Secondly, this collaboration can foster economic growth and job creation. The renewable energy sector has significant potential for creating new employment opportunities in areas such as manufacturing, installation, and maintenance of renewable energy infrastructure.
Lastly, collaboration in the renewable energy sector can enhance energy security for both countries. By developing their domestic renewable energy capacities and fostering cross-border energy cooperation, Mexico and the USA can reduce their dependence on external energy sources and ensure a more stable and sustainable energy supply.
In conclusion, by focusing on collaboration in the renewable energy sector, Mexico and the USA can achieve mutual benefits in terms of environmental sustainability, economic growth, job creation, and energy security.
This collaboration opportunity aligns with global efforts to transition towards clean and renewable energy sources and presents a promising avenue for further cooperation between the two countries.
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TMC Announces Changes to Executive Structure, Senlor Professional/Senior Toyota City, Japan, December 3, 2020-Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) announced today that it intends to implement changes to its executive structure, senior professional/senior management employees, and organizational structure effective January 1, 2021. To respond to severe changes in the external environment, TMC, based on its basic policy of appointing the right people to the right positions based on the achievements and experience of each person, has been swiftly and continuously innovating its executive and organizational structures. This year, in addition to clarifying that operating officers are responsible for looking over management of the entire company as chief officers in close coordination with the president. TMC is further innovating by refreshing its operating officer lineup in response to management challenges as they arise, the path that the company should take, and other factors, and is positioning its operating officers with unprecedented flexibility. In addition to this approach and looking ahead to the next generation, the changes to TMC's executive structure announced today are aimed at using hands-on experience to develop a skilled workforce whose members will be able to fulfill roles as chief officers. The changes also reflect TMC's basic policy of appointing the right people to the right positions based on the achievements and experience of each person. BACHELOR OF COMMERCE YEAR 2 - ACADEMIC AND ASSESSMENT CALENDAR - DISTANCE The changes to TMC's senior professional/senior management employees include the establishment of the post of Chief Project Leader (CPL). Transcending their customary domains, CPLs are to serve as project leaders from a company-wide perspective. SOURCE: TOYOTA, 2021 N.B. Students are required to conduct their own online desktop research in order to complete assignment questions. QUESTION ONE [20] Toyota City, Japan, December 3, 2020-Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) announced today that it intends to implement changes to its executive structure, senior professional/senior management employees, and organizational structure effective January 1, 2021. Reflect on the statement and article above. Critically discuss the possible determinants of the organisational structure of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). You are required to conduct your own online desktop research in order to substantiate your answer.
Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) has announced changes to its executive structure, senior professional/senior management employees, and organizational structure effective January 1, 2021.
The company is known for its innovative approach in its executive and organizational structures to appoint the right people to the right positions based on achievements and experience. TMC has always tried to innovate its executive structure, and the recent changes reflect TMC's basic policy of appointing the right people to the right positions based on the achievements and experience of each person.
The company is now taking an approach that is forward-looking and intended to develop a skilled workforce. The establishment of the post of Chief Project Leader (CPL) is one of the significant changes in the senior professional/senior management employees that the company has made.
CPLs are to serve as project leaders from a company-wide perspective, transcending their customary domains.The determinants of the organizational structure of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) can be discussed as follows:
1. Global Strategy: The company's global strategy to expand its market share and create a global network of production and distribution centers has significantly impacted its organizational structure.
2. Innovation and Flexibility: TMC is known for its innovative approach in its executive and organizational structures. It has always tried to appoint the right people to the right positions based on achievements and experience, and the recent changes reflect its policy of innovation and flexibility.
3. Market Competition: Market competition is another determinant of the organizational structure of TMC. The company has to adjust its organizational structure to adapt to changes in market conditions and meet the challenges posed by competitors.
4. Skilled Workforce: TMC aims to develop a skilled workforce by using hands-on experience to fulfill roles as chief officers. The recent changes reflect TMC's aim to develop a skilled workforce that can adapt to changes in the external environment and meet the challenges posed by competitors.
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