Hey there!
So gaseous exchange is the process of swapping one gas for another in the alveoli of the lungs.
3 reasons why it is important is because it gives the body the ability to eliminate carbon dioxide, replenish oxygen, and it is required for survival.
If this was to brief, please see further down for maybe more information.
How does gas exchange happen in lungs?Simple passive diffusion.
As they attempt to reach equilibrium between the partial pressure of each gas in the alveolus (a tiny air sac) and the partial pressure of each gas dissolved in pulmonary capillary blood entering the lung, O2 and CO2 readily diffuse through cellular membranes. As a result, almost equal amounts of oxygen and CO2 diffuse from the lung to the blood.
How can the process of gas exchange be explained?All mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians have hemoglobin in their blood. Oxygen replaces the carbon dioxide bound to the haemoglobin molecule as an animal breathes in. Haemoglobin has the valuable capacity to release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is higher, while doing the opposite when the partial pressure of oxygen is lower, as far as I can tell, and it has been 40 years since I took "A" level biology. Because air (typically) contains a significant excess of oxygen over carbon dioxide, blood moves to the lungs where it excretes carbon dioxide. Through the aerobic citric acid cycle, oxygen is reacted by metabolism in the body's tissues to produce carbon dioxide. Red blood cells give up oxygen to the tissues, thus when the oxygenated blood enters the tissues, carbon dioxide is transported from the tissue to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
Another way of saying it:
Diverse gases are naturally exchanged across a certain respiratory surface through a process known as gas trading. A functional framework for their commerce is essential since gases are constantly needed by cells and metabolic processes and given as a by-product. It is related to breathing in living things and to photosynthesis in plants as well. In order for cells to function properly when breathing, waste carbon dioxide (CO2) must be expelled, but during photosynthesis, CO2 enters plants and O 2 is released. Gas atoms move from a range of high fixation to low fixation as a result of dispersion down a focal angle, which essentially causes the trading of gases.
Thank you, I hope this helped.
- Eddie
What bacterial infection requires confirmation through serological testing since it is difficult to culture the organism (causative agent)?
The technique most frequently used to identify infections with
C. pneumoniae is through serological testing.
What is bacterial infection?When bacteria enter the body, multiply, and trigger an immune response in the body, a bacterial infection results. Through an opening in your skin, such as a cut or surgical wound, or through your airway, germs can enter your body and cause diseases like bacterial pneumonia.What is serological testing?Serological testing is a laboratory examination that looks for antibodies or other chemicals in a sample of blood. The immune system of the body produces antibodies, which are proteins, in response to a foreign substance or bacterium, such as a virus.Examples of serological testing:There are numerous types of serological testing, including,
chemiluminescence immunoassays ELISAs hemagglutinin-inhibition tests neutralization testsflocculation tests neutralization tests.Complement-fixation assays are the most widely used flocculation tests.
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An animal’s chances of surviving poisoning greatly depend on how quickly they get treatment. how can this be a challenge for many pet owners?
The signs of poisoning are comparable to those of other challenges that affect pet owners as survival greatly depend on how quickly the pet get treatment.
More than 90% of animal poisonings are unintentional, acute, and occur on or near the property of the pet's owner. There are an infinite number of agents via which exposed animals may become poisoned, and the majority of the time, the specific agents involved in animal poisonings will depend on what is available in the environments of the animals.
The most frequent substances that expose animals nowadays are rodenticides, chocolate, medications, glycols, metals, pesticides, plants, and other substances, including rodenticides, chocolate (around 25% of exposures), and medications (22% of exposures). Pets' health may also be endangered if they are fed human food.
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The surface features at the distal end of the humerus that accommodate processes of the ulna when flexing and extending the elbow are the?
The surface features at the distal end of the humerus that accommodate processes of the ulna when flexing and extending the elbow are the Coronoid fossa, Radial fossa, and the olecranon fossa.
Fossa can be referred as a shallow depression in the bone surface. It may receive another articulating bone or act to support brain structures. Examples include trochlear fossa, posterior, middle, and anterior cranial fossa.
The coronoid fossa is a depression on the crania surface in cates, medial to radial fossa, accommodating the medial coronoid process of ulna when the elbow joint is flexed. In simple terms we can say that it is a depression of the humerus into which the coronoid process fits when the arm is flexed.The radial fossa is a slight depression found on the humerus above the front part of the capitulum. It receives the anterior border of the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.The olecranon fossa is a deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea. It provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm, from which it gets its name. It is located on the posterior side of the distal humerus. The joint capsule of the elbow attaches to the humerus just proximal to the olecranon fossa. The olecranon fossa is also present in various mammals, including dogs.Other fossa that are found in the Upper Limb are :
Supraclavicular fossa Glenoid fossaSupraspinous fossaInfraspinous fossa Subscapular fossaCubital fossa (a.k.a. Antecubital fossa)Learn more about fossa here : https://brainly.com/question/24183473
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The rise in one species of bird limits the nesting space for other species is an example of interspecific, indirect competition.
*
2 points
True
False
Answer:
the answer of this question is True.
The statement is true because the rise in population of one species of bird limiting the nesting space of other species is an example of interspecific, indirect competition.
In interspecific indirect competition, the individual from two different species compete for shared resources.
During the interspecific indirect competition, two specie compete for the resources and the species which can exploit more resources in less time can win over this battle.
Interspecific competition is a way in which abiotic and biotic factors can interact to affect the structure of a community.
As speculated by Darwin, interspecific competition can limit the count of species in an ecosystem and helps in macroevolution. It also underlines the positive correlation between, extinction and origination rate.
The competition between organisms belonging to two different species is an example of interspecific competition and because the Organisms are not directly interacting, this will be categorized as indirect interspecific competition and therefore the given statement is true.
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Many major publishers generate additional revenue through custom publishing divisions, producing limited-distribution publications, sometimes called?
Many major publishing agencies generate additional revenue through custom publishing divisions, producing limited-distribution publications, sometimes called magalog .
A magalog is a informational copy of a magazine, usually in a 12-page index format. The name is a portmanteau of "magazine" and "catalog" and was coined by Gary Bencivenga. Magalogs help announce magazines to new readers. It can also help current readers see new or upcoming changes, additions, or improvements to the magazine. An alternate use can include catalogs that are presented with content, not just advertising.
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The _______ button automatically merges the selected cells and then centers the data from the first cell across the entire merged area. quick analysis merge & center center mini toolba
Merge & Center
To combine two or more separate cells, Excel includes a special button named "Merge & Center."
What is Merge and Center in Excel ?Excel Merge and Center - When using the merge cell function in database programming, multiple neighbouring cells can be combined into a single, larger cell.
By selecting "Merge Cells" and selecting "All Cells," the operation is complete. Centering the text signifies that it is possible to do so.When merging two or more cells, select the desired cells and simultaneously press the following keys: ALT + M + H.Learn more about Merge and Center here:
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What kind of antibody does a baby receive from its mother’s colostrums (first milk)?
a. igd
b. iga
c. igm
d. igb
e. igg
iga and igg antibody present in Colostrum, the first breast milk.
Primary immunoglobulin in human milk is IgA .Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody blood protein that's part of your immune system. Your body makes IgA and other type of antibodies to help fight off sickness. Antibodies like IgG antibodies in breast milk help shape infants' gut bacteria and immunity. Researchers have known for some time that maternal breast milk provides critical nutrients for newborns, and antibodies from mothers vaccinated against a specific disease-causing bacterium or virus can be transferred via breast milk to babies. These antibodies provided infants with high grade of protection from infection for approximately 3 to 6 months, giving their own immune systems time to mature.
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Select all the correct answers. looking at the phylogenetic tree, which three statements can you make about the interconnectedness of the species a, b, c, d, and e? phylogenetic tree showing x and y branching out from a common root. x branches out into a and b. y branches out into c on one leaf and d and e together on the other leaf. species a and c may have shared features from a common ancestor. species c is more related to species d than species d is related to species e. species b and c are more closely related than species c and d. species b and e may have shared features from a common ancestor. species a is more related to species b than species b is related to species c.
Species A and C may have shared features from a common ancestor
Species B and E may have shared features from a common ancestor
Species A is more related to species B than species B is related to (any of the other species)
What is Phylogenetic tree ?A phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the evolutionary connections between various creatures. Phylogenetic trees are theories rather than proven truths.
A phylogenetic tree's branching pattern illustrates how many species or other groups developed from a number of common predecessors.From this phylogenetic tree we can see that all five species have a shared distant, common ancestor, meaning that they all evolved from a single species. Because they all share the same common ancestor, there's every chance that the species A and C, or species B and E, share some features from their common.Learn more about Phylogenetic tree here:
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Answer:
- Species A and C may have shared features from a common ancestor
- Species B and E may have shared features from a common ancestor
- Species A is more related to species B than species B is related to (any of the other species)
Explanation:
When sand and small pebbles bounce along the earth's surface as they are blown by wind it is called:________
Archaeorhodopsin, initially called bacteriorhodopsin, is responsible for ______.
Archaeorhodopsin initially called bacteriorhodopsin, is responsible for chlorophyll independent photosynthesis. The protein in the retina, the main photosynthetic protein of the archaeon Halobacterium Salinarum is called Archaeorhodopsin.
It transforms green light energy (500–650 nm, maximum 568 nm) into an electrochemical proton gradient, which is then utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP. It demonstrates vectorial catalysis and serves as a light-driven proton pump that transports protons out of the cell.
A 27 kDa integral membrane protein called "purple membrane," which can cover nearly 50% of the surface area of the archaeal cell, is known as Archaeorhodopsin. It is typically found in these two-dimensional crystalline patches.
Three identical protein chains are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and rotated by 120 degrees from one another to form the repeating structure. Seven transmembrane alpha helices and a two-stranded beta strand facing extracellularly are present in each monomer.
Bacterio-opsin, a protein precursor that is used in the synthesis of Archaeorhodopsin, is extensively altered after translation.
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A structure consisting of proteins and looped dna in a repeated pattern is known as a:_________
A structure of protein and looped DNA in a repeated pattern is known as nucleosomes.
What are nucleosomes?Nucleosomes are a structure of DNA looped around histone proteins. This connection is histone and proteins makes sure of the compact nature of DNA in all eukaryotic cells.
Histone proteins are basic positively charged proteins. These histone proteins prevent DNA damage and also aid in DNA replication.
Eight positively charged histone protein molecules at the centre of the looped DNA are called histone octamers. Two copies of the four core histone proteins i.e H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 are present in a histone octamer. Negatively charged DNA readily surrounds the positively charged histone proteins to form the nucleosome.
Therefore, the structure of proteins and looped DNA in a repeated pattern is known as nucleosomes.
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The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the:________
a. aqueous humor.
b. tears.
c. vitreous humor.
d. perilymph.
e. ora serrata
The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the vitreous humor.
The vitreous humor is a transparent, colorless, gel-like substance located in the posterior chamber of the eye. It helps maintain the round shape of the eye and can also help with vision clarity and shock absorbance.
Fluid fills most of the inside of the eye. The chambers in front of the lens (both the anterior and posterior chambers) are filled with a clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor. The large space behind the lens (the vitreous chamber) contains a thick, gel-like fluid called vitreous humor or vitreous gel.
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What adaptive immune responses, if any, could one expect to function in a human born without a thymus?
Adaptive immune response is an immunity response that occurs after exposure to a foreign substance .
The thymus gland a primary lymphoid organ is an important part of immune system as T cells develop in the thymus. The cells of the adaptive immune system are lymphocytes B cells and T cells. As adaptive immune system depends on T cell and innate immune system, one cannot function properly and constantly get sick from bacteria or viruses infection, if born without it.
Removal of the thymus at later stages of life has no significant effect on immunity because enough T-cells are generated during fetal stage, i.e. before birth.
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What characteristic of b. anthracis allows the bacterium to survive without water or nutrition?
Bacillus anthracis can survive in the absence of adequate nutrition due to its capacity to produce spores, which makes it dormant and non-motile.
Describe is the biology of Bacillus anthracis?The bacterium B. anthracis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, sporulating, and capsuled organism. It has a width of 1-1.2 m and a length of 3-5 m. It appears as a chain-like structure under a microscope. Despite being an aerobic organism, B. anthracis has the ability to sporulate, which allows it to exist in anaerobic conditions. In fact, it can persist as spores for a number of years in water, air, and soil. Spores are immune to the hostile environment and unaffected by high temperatures, pressure, chemicals, UV rays, and a lack of nutrients.Learn more about Bacillus antharcis here:
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An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will MOST likely affect which type earth activity?
An increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will most likely affect a type earth activity called cave formation.
How do cave form?The carbon dioxide (CO2) in the earth atmosphere is increasing as a result of the anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, burning of the fossil fuels.
Carbon dioxide is known to be a greenhouse gas that is released by living organisms as a waste product of cellular respiration.
The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere gets mixed with the rain water which seeps into the soil. This results in the accumulation of carbonates (CO3²-) in the soil as limestone.
The cave of limestone is formed by the groundwater because limestone is a soft material which get easily dissolves in the water.
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What specific changes in rachel’s muscle cells and kidney function are leading to elevated plasma k levels?
Intracellular Potassium Shifts and Impaired Potassium Excretion leads to elevated plasma K levels.
What is Hyperkalemia?
Hyperkalemia, a potentially lethal condition, develops when serum potassium levels rise above 5.5 mmol/l. Potassium is the most common intracellular cation and is crucial for many physiological functions, at a concentration of 100-150 mmol/l. The digestive system quickly and usually fully absorbs potassium.Causes:
Increased Potassium intake: In adult patients with normal renal function, increased dietary potassium intake is a very rare cause of hyperkalemia, but it can be a significant factor in people with kidney disease.Intracellular Potassium Shifts: Large amounts of intracellular potassium can be released into the extracellular area as a result of cellular damage. Excessive activity, rhabdomyolysis after a crush injury, or other hemolytic processes can all be to responsible for this. Impaired Potassium Excretion: The most frequent cause of hyperkalemia is acute or chronic renal disease. Hyperkalemia may also result from tubular dysfunction brought on by aldosterone insufficiency or insensitivity.Learn more about the Hyperkalemia with the help of the given link:
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On occasion, chronic abusers of amphetamines have been misdiagnosed as suffering from?
On occasion, chronic abusers of amphetamines have been misdiagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia.
What is schizophrenia?Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness in which reality is perceived by sufferers strangely. Schizophrenia may include hallucinations, delusions, and severely irrational thinking and behavior, which can make it difficult to go about daily activities and be incapacitating. Schizophrenia patients require ongoing care.Delusions, hallucinations, confused speech, disorganized behavior, and the so-called "negative" symptoms are the five main categories of schizophrenia symptoms. The pattern and severity of schizophrenia symptoms, however, differ greatly from person to person.There is no known precise cause of schizophrenia. According to research, a person may be more susceptible to acquire the illness if a combination of physical, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors are present. Because certain people are predisposed to schizophrenia, a difficult or upsetting life event could set off a psychotic break.
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Which of the four friends has a blood pressure reading that would be considered hypertension?
The blood pressure readings taken from Drew and Steven both qualify as hypertension.
What does "normal blood pressure" mean?
Most persons are considered to have normal blood pressure when their systolic and diastolic pressures are less than 120 and 80 respectively (i.e.,120/80). When the diastolic pressure is less than 80 and the systolic pressure is between 120 and 129, the blood pressure is considered to be elevated.
Description of hypertension:
Our artery walls are pushed under strain when blood flows through them. The term for this is blood pressure. When our blood moves, we have high blood pressure, commonly known as hypertension. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a frequent illness where the blood's long-term push on our arterial wall is so great that it could eventually result in health issues including heart disease.
Therefore, from the above discussion, it is concluded that options A & B are the correct choices.
The original question is:
Which of the four friends has a blood pressure reading that would be considered pre-hypertension? Drew's reading is 122/88 mm Hg, Steven's reading is 132/89 mm Hg, Jen's reading is 110/70 mm Hg, and Lina's reading is 100/60 mm Hg.
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To detect immunoglobulin m (igm)antibodies in an acute phase,blood should be collected in _____ days after the onset of infection.
To detect immunoglobulin m (IgM)antibodies in an acute phase, blood should be collected 7 days after the onset of infection.
IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may both be found shortly after infection. IgG is typically detectable for extended periods of time, but IgM is most effective for diagnosing recent infection and typically becomes undetectable weeks to months after infection. IgM antibody detection is frequently viewed as a sign of an acute infection. Due to cross-reactivity with IgM antibodies to other, closely related bacteria or other interfering chemicals, false-positive IgM findings are, nonetheless, frequently observed. A positive IgM result may not always indicate an "acute" infection, and additional testing (such as IgG testing) may be required to interpret results because IgM antibodies may be detectable for 2-4 months (or longer) after disease resolution. For many infections, the onset of a measurable antibody response is 5-7 days after the infection. If samples are taken before infection, the initial IgM test results may be negative. Antibody production Immunosuppressed patients may also continue to be seronegative.Learn more about antibodies here brainly.com/question/14081504
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What type of feedback is demonstrated when adequate thyroid hormones signals the pituitary to stop producing thyrotropin?
A negative feedback loop controls the thyroid hormones.
In addition to the thyroid, the hypothalamus and pituitary are also part of the negative feedback loop. The thyroid is regulated in this manner: TRH, or thyrotropin-releasing hormone, is secreted by the hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH, is produced by the pituitary gland in response to TRH. The thyroid gland is then stimulated by TSH to release its hormones.
When thyroid hormone levels are high enough, the pituitary and hypothalamus are prevented from secreting TSH and TRH, respectively. The thyroid gland ceases producing hormones when TSH production is inhibited. Soon, the thyroid hormone level begins to drop too low.
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What brain structure is responsible for raising or lowering the thresholds of conscious awareness?
help please 30 points and brainliest for correct answer :(
Which of the following is a future consequence of the use of hydropower from dams on the environment?
It generates no greenhouse gases.
It can be used in isolated locations.
A dam and reservoir can flood habitats.
It produces less noise than other energy.
The dam and reservoir can flood habitats is a is a future consequence of the use of hydropower from dams on the environment .
What is hydropower?A a renewable energy source, or one that has a capacity for hydraulic use over time. Water fits as a substance that is always recomposing in the terrestrial environment.
Today it is known that they cause major environmental impacts, such as the decomposition of submerged vegetation that gives rise to gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, which cause climate change.
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Sound is produced as air is forced through the ______, causing vibration of the ______ vocal cords.
Sound is produced as air is forced through the glottis, causing vibration of the true vocal cords.
A valve that regulates airflow into and out of the respiratory tubes is called the glottis, which is a slit-like aperture on the floor of the throat. A box-shaped larynx is directly accessible from the glottis.Swallowing, breathing, and voice production all include the larynx.When air flows through the vocal cords, it causes them to vibrate, which in turn generates sound waves in the pharynx, nose, and mouth. The degree of stress on the vocal folds affects the pitch of the sound.When air flows through the vocal cords, it causes them to vibrate, which in turn generates sound waves in the pharynx, nose, and mouth. The degree of stress on the vocal folds affects the pitch of the sound.learn more about sound here: https://brainly.com/question/4351510
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A total of _____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are _____ to human
Most proteins in living organisms are composed of 40 amino acid residues in total, and nine of those are crucial for human health.
Which majority of amino acids make up proteins in living things?
Only twenty different amino acids, each with a distinct side chain, make up proteins. Different chemistries can be found in the side chains of amino acids. The majority of amino acids contain side chains that are nonpolar.There are nine essential amino acids: tryptophanvalineisoleucine leucinelysinemethionine phenylalanine threonine methionineWhat Constitutes Proteins?
Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. They are tiny chemical compounds with an alpha (central) carbon coupled to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, hydrogens, and a changeable element known as a side chain. A protein is made up of a lengthy chain of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. The biological process that links the carboxyl unit of one amino acid towards the amino group of a nearby amino acid results in the extraction of a water molecule, forming peptide bonds. The main structure of a protein is thought to be its linear amino acid sequence.Learn more about amino acids here:
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High frequency vibration is sensed by muscle spindles which initiates a contraction in the surrounding muscle tissue. why?
High frequency vibration is sensed by muscle spindles which initiates a contraction in the surrounding muscle tissue because muscle spindles are falsely detecting a change in length.
Functionally, muscle spindles are stretch detectors. Vibration can cause muscle lengthening and shortening, potentially resulting in increased muscle tension due to a stretch reflex.
When a muscle is stretched, this change in length is transmitted to the spindles and their intrafusal fibers which are subsequently similarly stretched.
The responses of muscle spindles regulate the contraction of muscles, by activating motor neurons via the stretch reflex to resist muscle stretch.
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If the frequency of one allele in a population is 0. 7 in a population with two alleles at a particular locus, what is the frequency of the alternate allele?
According to Hardy- Weinberg principle, if the frequency of one allele in a population with two alleles is 0.7 at a particular locus, then the frequency of alternate allele is 0.3.
What is Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?Hardy- Weinberg rule states that in the absence of disturbing factors, the genetic variability in a population remains constant in different generations. It states that when mating is random both the genotypic and allelic frequencies remain constant as they are in equilibrium.Hardy- Weinberg rule applies to a large population where mating is random and there is no migration.It is given by p + q = 1, where p is the frequency of dominant allele in the population, q is the frequency of recessive allele in the population.By squaring, p2+ 2pq+ q2= 1, where p2 is percentage of homozygous dominant individuals, q2 is percentage of homozygous recessive individuals. 2pq is percentage of heterozygous individuals.Here given, p= 0.7, therefore q= 1- 0.7= 0.3Learn more about Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium here:
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I honestly think it is answer 1 or 3 but please help out and give your opinion on this
Antibiotic C was the most effective in controlling the growth. The 3rd option is the correct one.
Antibiotics and bacterial growthAntibiotics are substances that either inhibits the growth of or kill bacteria.
Those that inhibit the growth of bacteria are said to be bacteriostatic while those that kill bacteria are said to be bacteriocidal.
Looking at the four graphs, the only graph in which the number of bacteria decreased perpetually is the 3rd graph. That is the graph in which antibiotic C was added.
Antibiotic B also decreased the growth of the bacteria initially. However, the bacteria resumed normal growth with time.
It seems the bacteria have become resistant to the effects of Antibiotics A and B. With antibiotic resistance, bacteria thrive in the presence of antibiotics. These microbes are able to develop resistance through natural selection.
Thus, the most effective antibiotic from the graphs would be antibiotic C.
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What are the major functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids? what three components are found in these substances? what component makes them acids?
Answer:
Explanation:
The major function of nucleotides and nucleic acids is to hold genetic information. The three components found in them are : a)sugar molecule
b)phosphate group c) A nitrogen base. The phosphate group is what makes the acidic.
What is a nucleotide?A nucleotide/nucleic acid is responsible for laying the foundation of genetic information in an organismA nucleotide consists of :
a) Pentose sugar: A 5-carbon sugar molecule.
b)Nitrogen base: There are two types of nitrogenous bases: Purines and Pyrimidines.
Two types of purine bases : Adenine(A) and Guanine(G)
Three types of pyrimidine bases : Cytosine(C), Thymine(T) and Uracil(U)
RNA consists of A,U,G,C
DNA consists of A,T,G ,C
c)Phosphate group
The acidic nature of nucleotides/nucleic acids comes from the phosphate group. This is because it is gives away a proton(H+ ions), giving it an acidic character.To learn more about nucleotides , refer:
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Transfer of a high-energy phosphoryl group to adp, resulting in atp occurs when?
Transfer of a high-energy phosphoryl group to ADP, resulting in ATP occurs when:
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate.
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) → pyruvate.
Which enzyme transfers the phosphoryl group from GTP to ADP to form ATP?The enzyme nucleoside diphosphate kinase can convert GTP and ATP into one another as follows: GTP + ADP → GDP + ATP. This enzyme converts GTP to ADP by transferring the phosphate group. The only process in the Krebs cycle where direct energy is obtained as GTP is the substrate chain reaction.
Each 3-phosphoglycerate undergoes oxidation to produce a phosphoenolpyruvate molecule with a strong phosphate link. Each phosphoenolpyruvate undergoes substrate-level phosphorylation, which removes the high-energy phosphate and transfers it to ADP to produce ATP and pyruvate.
A high-energy phosphate group is added to ADP to convert it to ATP for energy storage. The conversion occurs either in specific energy-producing structures or in the cytoplasm, which is the fluid between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
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Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms can be called primary producers because they make their own food?
Heterotrophs are organisms that must consume food from other organisms because they are unable to synthesize their own food molecules.
What is heterotrophs?An organism is referred to be a heterotroph if it is unable to manufacture food on its own and must obtain it from other sources of organic carbon, primarily plant or animal materials. Heterotrophs are primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers in the food chain but not producers.Because they eat producers or other consumers, heterotrophs are referred to as consumers. Humans, dogs, and birds are all instances of heterotrophs. In a food chain, a group of creatures that supply energy and nutrients to other organisms, heterotrophs occupy the second and third levels.An organism is referred to as a heterotroph if it consumes other plants or animals for food and energy. Its origins are in the Greek words hetero, which means "other," and trophe, which means "nutrition." Autotrophs and heterotrophs are two main classifications of organisms depending on how they receive energy and nutrients.Learn more about heterotrophs here:
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