The process of creating artificial intelligence (AI) that is crafted ethically is known as responsible AI.
1. It entails developing AI systems that are intended to be reliable, accurate, secure, and long-lasting. Responsible AI demands that ethical, legal, and environmental considerations guide the development and implementation of these AI systems. Additionally, responsible AI aims to make sure that it is developed and applied in a manner that upholds and defends fundamental human rights.
2. The six principles of responsible AI are:
1. Accountability – AI systems should be designed and managed so that there is a clear understanding of how decisions are made and by whom.
2. Transparency – The design, training, and decision-making models for AI systems should be transparent and understandable.
3. Fairness – AI systems should be designed to be fair and unbiased within their application contexts.
4. Safety – AI systems should be designed to be safe and secure.
5. Privacy – AI systems should be designed to protect the privacy of users.
6. Reliability – AI systems should be designed to be reliable, robust, and resilient.
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1. What are the features of a good summary? Write down five of these features. 2. Write short notes on the following a. Direct quote b. Paraphrasing
1. Features of a good summary: Conciseness, clarity, objectivity, accuracy, selectivity.
2. a) Direct quote: Exact reproduction of original words.
b) Paraphrasing: Restating ideas in one's own words.
1. a. Conciseness: A good summary should be brief and to the point, capturing the main ideas of the original text without unnecessary details or elaboration.
b. Clarity: It is crucial for a summary to be clear and easy to understand. Complex concepts or ideas should be simplified and presented in a straightforward manner.
c. Objectivity: A summary should remain neutral and objective, avoiding personal opinions or biases. It should faithfully represent the original author's ideas and arguments.
d. Accuracy: An accurate summary reflects the content and context of the original text, providing an overview that is faithful to the author's intended message.
e. Selectivity: A good summary selects and includes only the most important and relevant information from the original text, omitting less significant details or examples.
a) Direct Quote:
A direct quote is an exact reproduction of the original words or phrases used by an author or speaker. It is enclosed in quotation marks and attributed to the original source. Direct quotes are useful when you want to provide evidence or support for a specific point or when you want to capture the author's unique phrasing or style. However, it is important to use direct quotes sparingly and only when they add significant value to your own writing.
b) Paraphrasing:
Paraphrasing involves restating someone else's ideas or information in your own words, while retaining the original meaning. It allows you to convey the same message using different language or sentence structure. Paraphrasing is useful when you want to explain a complex concept in a simpler way or when you want to integrate someone else's ideas into your own writing without using direct quotes. It is essential to properly attribute the source of the original ideas even when paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism.
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Read the attached article : "Public Procurement and Small Businesses: Estranged or Engaged?" by Kassa Woldesenbet and Ian Worthington.
Discuss the importance of public procurement as a tool for economic development. (about 700 words)
Public procurement is the process through which public entities buy goods, works, or services from suppliers. Public procurement has been identified as an essential tool for economic development and has been playing an important role in facilitating economic growth, poverty reduction, and job creation.
Public procurement provides an avenue through which governments can leverage their purchasing power to promote the growth and development of small businesses. Small businesses are a critical component of the economy as they create jobs and foster innovation, entrepreneurship, and competition. Therefore, supporting small businesses through public procurement can help to promote economic growth and development. Public procurement also promotes competition, which is a key driver of innovation. By creating an environment where businesses compete for government contracts, public procurement encourages firms to develop new products, services, and processes that can help them win contracts.
This not only promotes innovation but also helps to improve the quality of goods and services provided to the government. Public procurement also plays a crucial role in promoting sustainability and environmental protection. Governments can use public procurement to promote environmentally friendly goods and services, encourage suppliers to adopt sustainable practices, and reduce the carbon footprint of public entities. Furthermore, public procurement can be used to address social issues such as inequality and poverty. Governments can use public procurement to promote social inclusion by awarding contracts to businesses owned by disadvantaged groups such as women, people with disabilities, and minority groups. This not only promotes economic development but also helps to address social challenges. Public procurement can also help to promote regional development by encouraging the development of local businesses and suppliers. By awarding contracts to local suppliers, public entities can promote the growth and development of local economies and help to reduce regional inequalities in economic development.
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Imagine that there’s a famous, rich celebutante whose Bentley is dangling precariously off the edge of a cliff. Below, past a jagged craggy precipice, a school of hungry hammerhead sharks is circling. The celebutante is frantically tweeting her plight to her millions of followers, promising a large reward to whoever can rescue her. You decided to try your luck, even though you are afraid of sharks, cannot swim, and have no search-and-rescue abilities.
1. Explain, thoroughly, the relevant aspects of Aristotle's and Kant's theories. In other words, what would Aristotle and Kant think is (morally) at stake in this scenario?
2. From Aristotle's perspective, what should you do and why? From Kant's perspective, what should you do and why?
3. Make an argument explaining which philosopher gives the better moral guidance and which gives the worst. What's something that you would change to ameliorate the "worse" theory? Be sure to thoroughly explain your assessments here.
1. Aristotle and Kant's theories: Aristotle's theory deals with the concept of moral virtue. Aristotle claims that the goal of human life is to achieve happiness, which is only possible if a person lives a virtuous life. Kant's theory, on the other hand, is known as deontological ethics, which emphasizes the importance of an individual's duty to act ethically, rather than the consequences of their actions. According to Kant, individuals must be treated as ends in themselves, rather than merely means to an end.
2. From Aristotle's and Kant's perspective. According to Aristotle, you must rescue the celebutante, as it is the right and honorable thing to do. Although it is perilous, you must place yourself in danger to save the life of another person. This act of heroism would make you feel satisfied and pleased because it is morally virtuous. Aristotle would believe that the action is honorable because it demonstrates the quality of bravery.
Kant, on the other hand, would state that it is your moral duty to rescue the celebutante, but only if it is your duty, rather than a personal desire to do so. The ethical theory of deontological ethics emphasizes the importance of acting ethically, and Kant suggests that acting to save the life of another is a moral duty. Thus, you must rescue the celebutante because it is morally the right thing to do.
3. Better and worst moral guidance and changes to ameliorate the "worse" theory. Aristotle provides better moral guidance in this scenario since his theory of moral virtue encourages people to take heroic actions and do the right thing, even if it is perilous. Kant's theory is more inflexible than Aristotle's since it stresses the importance of acting ethically, rather than considering the circumstances surrounding the actions. If the worse theory is to be improved, it must take into account the circumstances surrounding an action rather than simply focusing on the action's ethical nature. This shift would allow for greater ethical considerations of actions and reduce the moral inflexibility of the theory, as is the case in deontological ethics.
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As the principal of this school, how would you support and educate new teachers on the use and importance of common assessments? How would you get "buy-in" from new teachers for the assessment program currently in place, including common assessments? What types of professional development would you bring into your building to ensure that teachers are knowledgeable about the assessments they are being asked to use?
I would support new teachers by providing orientation, clear communication, and professional development on common assessments. To gain buy-in, I would highlight the benefits of assessments for instruction and student outcomes.
As the principal, I would support and educate new teachers on the use and importance of common assessments by implementing the following strategies:
1. Orientation and Training: I would provide a comprehensive orientation program for new teachers, including dedicated sessions on the purpose and benefits of common assessments. This would involve explaining how assessments drive instructional decisions, promote data-driven instruction, and improve student learning outcomes.
2. Clear Communication: I would ensure open and transparent communication about the assessment program, its goals, and its alignment with curriculum standards. Regular meetings, memos, and staff emails would be used to share updates and resources related to common assessments.
3. Collaboration and Mentoring: I would facilitate collaboration between experienced teachers and new teachers to create a supportive environment for sharing best practices related to assessment design, implementation, and analysis. Mentors would guide new teachers in understanding the rationale and methodology behind common assessments.
4. Professional Development: I would organize professional development sessions focused on assessment literacy, including topics such as item analysis, effective feedback, and interpreting assessment data. Guest speakers, workshops, and online resources would be utilized to enhance teachers' understanding and proficiency in using common assessments.
5. Continuous Support: Ongoing support would be provided through coaching, peer observations, and regular feedback cycles. This would ensure that teachers receive guidance on implementing the assessment program effectively and that any challenges or concerns are addressed promptly.
By taking these measures, I would aim to gain buy-in from new teachers by emphasizing the benefits of common assessments in promoting consistent instruction, individualized student support, and fostering a data-informed culture that leads to improved student achievement.
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Discuss how to create a meaningful and effective corporate
purpose. Use real-life examples
and the findings of relevant academic literature to support your
answer.
Creating a meaningful and effective corporate purpose involves aligning organizational values, societal impact, and stakeholder engagement.
A meaningful and effective corporate purpose is derived from a deep understanding of an organization's values, its impact on society, and the needs of its stakeholders. Research suggests that purpose-driven companies outperform their competitors in terms of financial performance and employee engagement. To create a purpose, organizations should engage in introspection and identify their core values and mission.
Real-life examples such as Patagonia, which aims to "build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, and use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis," showcase the integration of purpose and sustainability. Academic literature emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement in shaping purpose, as it ensures a broader perspective and aligns organizational goals with societal needs. By incorporating real-life examples and academic findings, organizations can craft a meaningful and effective corporate purpose that drives long-term success and positively impacts society.
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