A. Procedures for auditor's clients acceptance determination Auditor's client acceptance procedures: integrity, reputation, conflicts, stability, management, expertise.
2. Nonfinancial matters to consider before accepting Green as a client: 1. Green's reputation and ethical conduct. 2. Green's industry standing and public image.
1. In determining whether to accept a clients, an auditor should perform the following procedures:
a) Conduct background research and evaluate client's reputation, integrity, and business practices.
b) Assess client industry, market conditions, or competitive landscape.
c) Evaluate client's financial stability, including reviewing financial statements and creditworthiness.
d) Assess any potential conflicts of interest or ethical considerations.
e) Consider client's internal controls and risk management practices.
f) Evaluate the auditor's ability to meet the client's needs and perform the engagement effectively.
2. Before accepting Green as a clients, nonfinancial matters that should be considered include:
a) Green's industry and market position, including growth potential and competition.
b) Green's corporate culture, values, and compatibility with the auditor's own values.
c) Legal and regulatory compliance of Green's operations.
These nonfinancial matters are important as they help assess the overall fit between the auditor and the client, and professional working relationship.
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Required information Skip to question [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] DES Company manufactures folding chairs. Direct materials include hard plastic for the seat and back and metal beams for the legs. The standard cost sheet for a single chair includes the following direct materials information:
Material Quantity Cost per Unit Total Cost
Hard plastic 2 sheets $ 2.79 per sheet $ 5.58
Metal beams 4 beams $ 1.25 per beam $ 5.00
$ 10.58
Last month, DES purchased 34,100 sheets of hard plastic at a cost of $86,955. The company also purchased 68,700 metal beams at a cost of $94,119. DES produced 17,200 chairs. There was no beginning or ending inventory of plastic sheets or metal beams during the month.
Required: 1. Compute the following for last month’s operations at DES Company: a. The price variance for hard plastic. Indicate whether the variance is favorable or unfavorable. b. The price variance for metal beams. Indicate whether the variance is favorable or unfavorable. c. The total direct materials price variance. Indicate whether the variance is favorable or unfavorable. d. The usage variances for hard plastic and metal beams, and the total direct materials usage variance. Indicate whether each variance is favorable or unfavorable.
The price variance for hard plastic can be calculated as follows: Actual Quantity Purchased * (Actual Price - Standard Price) = 34,100 sheets * ($86,955 / 34,100 sheets - $2.79 per sheet) = 34,100 sheets
* ($2.55 - $2.79) = 34,100 sheets * (-$0.24) = -$8,184 The price variance for hard plastic is unfavorable. b. The price variance for metal beams can be calculated as follows: Actual Quantity Purchased * (Actual Price - Standard Price) = 68,700 beams * ($94,119 / 68,700 beams - $1.25 per beam) = 68,700 beams * ($1.37 - $1.25) = 68,700 beams * $0.12 = $8,244 The price variance for metal beams is favorable. c. The total direct materials price variance is the sum of the price variances for hard plastic and metal beams: Total Direct Materials Price Variance = Price Variance for Hard Plastic + Price Variance for Metal Beams= -$8,184 + $8,244 = $60 The total direct materials price variance is favorable. d. The usage variances for hard plastic and metal beams can be calculated as follows: Hard Plastic Usage Variance = (Actual Quantity Used - Standard Quantity Allowed) * Standard Price = (17,200 chairs * 2 sheets per chair - 34,400 sheets) * $2.79 per sheet = (34,400 sheets - 34,400 sheets) * $2.79 per sheet = $0 Metal Beams Usage Variance = (Actual Quantity Used - Standard Quantity Allowed) manufactures * Standard Price = (17,200 chairs * 4 beams per chair - 68,800 beams) * $1.25 per beam = (68,800 beams - 68,800 beams) * $1.25 per beam = $0 The total direct materials usage variance is the sum of the usage variances for hard plastic and metal beams, which is also $0. Both the usage variances for hard plastic and metal beams, as well as the total direct materials usage variance, are favorable.
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HW1-1: ACFE 2022 Report to the Nation The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) was founded in 1988 by Dr. loseph T Welis, a former FBI agent. Every two years, the ACFE presents a report on occupational fraud based on real fraud cases submitted from around the world to the ACFE. Youwill wilize the ACFE.2022 Report to the Nation found in the "Supplemental Readings" section to answer the questions in this homework You may refer to this document while answering the questions but you may not work with others on this homework 1 sipolnt Fewer ocganizations a pursuing criminal prosecution but more are taking civil action against the perpetrator of fraud. True Fahe 1 point Of the fraud schemes involving cryptocurrency, which of the following occurred the most? Bribery or kickback payments made in cryptocurrency. Conversion of misappropriated assets to cryptocurrency. Misappropriation of organizational cryptocurrency assets. Proceeds of fraud laundered using cryptocurrency.
Of the fraud schemes involving cryptocurrency, the conversion of misappropriated assets to cryptocurrency occurred the most. Cryptocurrency is a type of digital currency that is based on blockchain technology.
The currency is decentralized, meaning it is not controlled by any government or financial institution. As a result, it is easy to transfer and difficult to trace. This has made it an attractive option for fraudsters looking to cover their tracks.
The conversion of misappropriated assets to cryptocurrency is a common scheme that involves taking funds or assets from an organization and converting them to cryptocurrency.
This can be done by selling the assets and using the proceeds to buy cryptocurrency, or by simply transferring the funds to a cryptocurrency account. Once the funds are in cryptocurrency form, they are difficult to trace and can be easily moved around the world.The ACFE's 2022 Report to the Nation found that organizations are increasingly taking civil action against fraudsters rather than pursuing criminal prosecution.
This is because civil action can be faster and less expensive than criminal prosecution, and can also result in financial compensation for the organization. However, this does not mean that criminal prosecution is no longer important. It is still an important tool in deterring fraud and holding fraudsters accountable for their actions.
In conclusion, the conversion of misappropriated assets to cryptocurrency is the most common fraud scheme involving cryptocurrency. Organizations are increasingly taking civil action against fraudsters, but criminal prosecution is still an important tool in the fight against fraud.
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A duty to place a client's interest above the professional's own
interests is known as:
Select one:
a.
a legal responsibility.
b.
solicitor-client privilege.
c.
a professional relationship.
d.
fiducia
The duty to prioritize a client's interests over the professional's own is known as fiduciary duty.
Fiduciary duty refers to the legal and ethical obligation for professionals, such as financial advisors, lawyers, and trustees, to act in the best interests of their clients. It requires professionals to place the client's interests above their own and to exercise loyalty, care, and utmost good faith when making decisions or providing advice.
Professionals with a fiduciary duty are expected to avoid conflicts of interest, maintain confidentiality, disclose any potential conflicts, and act in a manner that serves the client's welfare. Breach of fiduciary duty can lead to legal consequences and professional disciplinary actions.
Fiduciary duty establishes a relationship of trust and confidence between the professional and the client, ensuring that the client's interests are protected and that the professional acts in a responsible and ethical manner.
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This Year, Bob, an employee, for the past 10 years, was disabled and was paid $100,000 in disability insurance benefits by the insurance company
For the past 10 years Bob paid a total for $1.000 of the disability insurance premiums. His employer paid the remaining balance of the premiums for the past 10 years This Year, Bob is required to report to CRA this amount as a taxable employment benefit
Bob has to report the $100,000 he received from the disability insurance as taxable employment benefits on his income tax return
What is the reason?Bob, an employee for the past 10 years, was disabled and was paid $100,000 in disability insurance benefits by the insurance company. For the past 10 years Bob paid a total of $1,000 of the disability insurance premiums. His employer paid the remaining balance of the premiums for the past 10 years. This Year, Bob is required to report to CRA (Canada Revenue Agency) this amount as a taxable employment benefit.According to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), if the premiums for a group disability insurance plan are paid by an employer, the benefit paid to an employee will be included in their income as a taxable benefit.According to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), the employer is required to include the amount of the taxable benefit on the employee's T4 slip for the year. The employee must also report the amount as income on their tax return.To sum up, Bob has to report the $100,000 he received from the disability insurance as taxable employment benefits on his income tax return.
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Suppose that a firm's only factor of production is its capital stock, K, and that its production function is given by the relation Q=K−aK² Where Q is output of the firm and a>0. Assume that capital depreciates at the rate δ>0, then the change in the capital stock is equal to the firm's investment (I) less depreciation and the initial level of capital is K0. Assume also that the price of the firm's output is a constant, p, and the cost of investment is bI² where b is a positive constant. The firm wants to maximize profit over time.
a) Define the dynamic optimization problem for the firm, by clearly enumerating the objective function and all constraints
b) Derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal solution
c) Succinctly state (or describe) the steps involved in finding the optimal solution a. Bonus question
d) Find the optimal solution.
"Over time, the company's goal is to maximize profit." The total revenue less the total expenses is the company's profit. The price of output divided by the quantity of output is the company's total revenue.
The investment cost plus the depreciation cost make up the company's total costs. The objective function of the company is to maximize total revenue while minimizing total costs. The following restrictions apply to the company: -
The company's production department: Q = K - a × k 2. The capital stock of the epsilon company must be greater than or equal to zero:
K >= 0 -
The investment made by the company must be greater than or equal to zero: I >= 0:
The depreciation of the business must be greater than or equal to zero:
D >= 0 "
B. The following are the conditions that must be met in order to find the best solution to the company's problem:
1) The company's investment must be the sum of its depreciation and the initial capital level.
2) The output of the company must be the same as its capital stock.
3) The company's investment costs must be proportional to its output prices.
C. The amount of capital required will be determined by the company's decision to produce a certain amount of output first.
2. The next step for the business is to figure out the best capital investment level, which will keep output at the desired level while reducing production costs.
3. Last but not least, the business needs to figure out the best amount of depreciation, which will keep output at the desired level while keeping capital costs to a minimum.
D. "In this instance, the company's goal is to maximize the present value of its profits, which we will refer to as P. Profits are equal to the company's revenue, which is represented by p Q, minus its costs, which include investment costs and depreciation. The company's profits can be written as: By dividing this equation by K and setting the derivative to zero, we obtain P = pQ - 8K - bl 2. After rearranging, we arrive at:
K^ * = (p - 16)/(2b)
Subsequently, the company's ideal arrangement is to pick a degree of capital K* with the end goal that it is equivalent to (p - 16)/(2 b) ."
The objective of the business is to select a capital level that will enable it to produce the quantity of goods that will provide the highest return on investment while simultaneously minimizing costs. Depreciation-related costs will rise if you select a capital level that is too high. On the other hand, if you select a capital level that is too low, the output will be lower, which will result in lower revenue. The level of capital that will result in the greatest amount of profit for the business is the level that will achieve the ideal balance between these two competing factors when these two factors are taken into consideration.
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suppose income falls by 5 percent and the quantity demanded for new evs falls by 10 percent,
When income falls by 5 percent and the quantity demanded for new electric vehicles (EVs) falls by 10 percent, it indicates that the demand for EVs is income elastic.
The responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in income is measured by the income elasticity of demand. If the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in income, the demand is considered income elastic.
In this case, when income falls by 5 percent and the quantity demanded for new EVs falls by 10 percent, it implies that the demand for EVs is income elastic. The larger decrease in quantity demanded (10 percent) compared to the decrease in income (5 percent) indicates that consumers are more sensitive to changes in their income when it comes to purchasing EVs.
The income elasticity of demand for EVs being greater than 1 suggests that EVs are a luxury or discretionary good. When incomes decrease, consumers tend to reduce their spending on luxury goods like EVs at a proportionally higher rate. This information is valuable for businesses and policymakers in understanding the relationship between income and demand for EVs and can help inform pricing, marketing, and policy decisions related to the promotion and adoption of EVs.
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For which of the following market structures is it assumed that there are barriers to entry? [ Select ] ["Monopolistic competition", "All of these options have barriers to entry", "Perfect competition", "Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition only", "Monopoly"]
A monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium [ Select ] ["will make zero profit.", "will make positive profit.", "will make negative profit.", "Any of the listed options are possible."]
In a monopoly market structure, there is a single seller or producer that dominates the market and has exclusive control over the supply of a particular product or service. Barriers to entry exist in a monopoly market because it is difficult for new firms to enter and compete with the established monopolist. These barriers can include legal restrictions, patents, high start-up costs, control over essential resources, and economies of scale that make it challenging for new entrants to establish themselves in the market.
A monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium:
will make zero profit.
In monopolistic competition, there are multiple firms competing with differentiated products in a market. In the long run, firms in monopolistic competition can earn normal profits, which means that their total revenue equals their total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs. Zero profit is achieved when a firm covers all its costs but does not generate any additional economic profit. In monopolistic competition, firms can differentiate their products to create a perceived uniqueness, but in the long run, competition and potential entry of new firms limit their ability to earn above-normal profits.
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Mocha Company manufactures a single product by a continous process, involing three production department. The record indicate that direct materials, direct labor, and applied factory overhead for Department 2 were $55,000, $65,000, and $80,000, respectively. In addition, work in process at the beginning of the period for Department 1 totaled $75,000, and work in process at the end of the period totaled $60,000.
The journal entry to record the flow of cost into Department 1 during the period for direct materials is
O a. work in process-department 1 55,000
materials 55,000
O b. Materials 100,000
work in process-department 1 100,000
O c. Materials 55,000
Work in process-department 1 55,000
O d. Work in process-department 1 100,000
Materials 100,000
The journal entry to record the flow of cost into Department 1 during the period for direct materials would be:
c. Materials $55,000
Work in process-department 1 $55,000
This entry reflects the cost of direct materials being transferred into Department 1 from outside suppliers or other departments. The direct materials cost of $55,000 is debited to the Materials account, representing the increase in the materials inventory. Simultaneously, the same amount of $55,000 is credited to the Work in process-department 1 account, reflecting the addition of materials to the work in process inventory in Department 1.
Option a is incorrect because it does not account for the increase in materials inventory. Option b is incorrect because it includes an incorrect amount of $100,000. Option d is incorrect because it overstates the materials cost by including an incorrect amount of $100,000. The correct entry is option c, which accurately records the flow of cost into Department 1 for direct materials.
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IBM stock currently sells for 44 dollars per share. Over 5 months the price will either go up by 13.5 percent or down by −6.5 percent. The risk-free rate of interest is 7.0 percent continuously compounded. What is the value of a put option with strike price 45 and maturity of 5 months?
The future value of a delta-neutral portfolio after 5 months is estimated to be around $28.03. This portfolio offsets the delta of a short call option through a long position in the underlying stock.
To calculate the future value of a delta-neutral portfolio, we need to consider the delta of the call option and the price movements of the stock.
The delta of a call option represents the change in the option's value for a $1 change in the underlying stock price. In this case, the call option has a delta of 0.56136, which means that for every $1 increase in the stock price, the call option's value will increase by approximately $0.56136.
Since we are short one call option, our position will have a negative delta of -0.56136. To maintain a delta-neutral portfolio, we need to offset this negative delta by taking a long position in the underlying stock.
Given that the stock price can go up by 13.5% or down by -6.5% over the 5-month period, we need to calculate the potential future values of both scenarios.
If the stock price goes up by 13.5%, the future value of the portfolio would be: $44 + (0.135 * $44) = $49.94
If the stock price goes down by -6.5%, the future value of the portfolio would be: $44 + (-0.065 * $44) = $41.26
To calculate the weighted average future value of the portfolio, we can use the delta to determine the proportion of the portfolio invested in each scenario.
Weighted average future value = (delta * future value when stock price goes up) + ((1 - delta) * future value when stock price goes down)
= (0.56136 * $49.94) + (0.43864 * $41.26)
= $28.03
Therefore, the future value of the delta-neutral portfolio is approximately $28.03.
The question should be:-
IBM stock currently sells for 44 dollars per share. Over 5 months the price will either go up by 13.5 percent or down by −6.5 percent. The risk-free rate of interest is 7.0 percent continuously compounded. A call option with strike price 45 and maturity of 5 months has a delta of 0.56136. If you are short one call option, what is the future value in 5 months of a delta-neutral portfolio?
26.838
26.429
22.971
23.095
28.035
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Question #1: Suppose Dream Corp.'s breakeven point revenues of $1,500,000. Fixed costs are $600,000. Compute the contribution margin percentage.
Question #2: Omar Corporation sells two types of computer chips. The sales mix is 30% (Q-Chip) and 70% (Q-Chip Plus). QChip has variable costs per unit of $60 and a selling price of $100. Q-Chip Plus has variable costs per unit of $70 and a selling price of $130. The weighted-average unit contribution margin for Omar Corporation is?
Question #3: Capitol Manufacturing sells 3,000 units of Product A annually, and 7,000 units of Product B annually. The sales mix for Product A is
The contribution margin percentage for Dream Corp. is 60%.
Question #1:
To calculate the contribution margin percentage, we need to know the total variable costs and the breakeven point revenues.
Given:
- Breakeven point revenues: $1,500,000
- Fixed costs: $600,000
The contribution margin can be calculated using the following formula:
Contribution Margin = (Breakeven point revenues - Fixed costs) / Breakeven point revenues
Substituting the given values:
Contribution Margin = ($1,500,000 - $600,000) / $1,500,000
Contribution Margin = $900,000 / $1,500,000
Contribution Margin = 0.6
To express the contribution margin as a percentage, we multiply by 100:
Contribution Margin Percentage = 0.6 * 100
Contribution Margin Percentage = 60%
Therefore, the contribution margin percentage for Dream Corp. is 60%.
Question #2:
To calculate the weighted-average unit contribution margin, we need to consider the sales mix and the contribution margins of each product.
Given:
- Sales mix: 30% Q-Chip, 70% Q-Chip Plus
- Q-Chip variable costs per unit: $60
- Q-Chip selling price per unit: $100
- Q-Chip Plus variable costs per unit: $70
- Q-Chip Plus selling price per unit: $130
The weighted-average unit contribution margin can be calculated as follows:
Weighted-Average Unit Contribution Margin = (Sales mix of Q-Chip * Unit contribution margin of Q-Chip) + (Sales mix of Q-Chip Plus * Unit contribution margin of Q-Chip Plus)
Substituting the given values:
Weighted-Average Unit Contribution Margin = (0.30 * ($100 - $60)) + (0.70 * ($130 - $70))
Weighted-Average Unit Contribution Margin = (0.30 * $40) + (0.70 * $60)
Weighted-Average Unit Contribution Margin = $12 + $42
Weighted-Average Unit Contribution Margin = $54
Therefore, the weighted-average unit contribution margin for Omar Corporation is $54.
Question #3:
To determine the sales mix for Product A, we need to calculate the percentage based on the annual unit sales for Product A and Product B.
Given:
- Annual unit sales of Product A: 3,000
- Annual unit sales of Product B: 7,000
The sales mix for Product A can be calculated as follows:
Sales Mix for Product A = (Annual unit sales of Product A / Total annual unit sales) * 100
Substituting the given values:
Sales Mix for Product A = (3,000 / (3,000 + 7,000)) * 100
Sales Mix for Product A = (3,000 / 10,000) * 100
Sales Mix for Product A = 0.3 * 100
Sales Mix for Product A = 30%
Therefore, the sales mix for Product A is 30%.
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Juana deposited $200 into a savings account that compounded interest quarterly. What nominal annual rate compounded quarterly was earned on the investment if the balance was $559.5 in sevenyears?
Given that Juana deposited $200 into a savings account that compounded interest quarterly. We need to find the nominal annual rate compounded quarterly that was earned on the investment if the balance was $559.5 in seven years. The nominal annual rate compounded quarterly earned on the investment is 5%.
Let us assume that the nominal annual rate compounded quarterly earned on the investment is x%.
Now, we have the formula to find the compound interest that is, A = P (1 + r/n)^(nt)
Here,
P = Principal amount = $200
n = number of times the interest is compounded per year = 4 (Quarterly)
T = time (in years) = 7
A = Final Amount = $559.5
Using the above formula, we have,
A = P (1 + r/n)^(nt)
$559.5 = $200 (1 + x/4)^(4 × 7)$559.5/$200
= (1 + x/4)^28.0.9975
= (1 + x/4)^2(1 + x/4)
= √(0.9975)(1 + x/4)
= 0.99875x
= 0.99875 × 4x
= 3.995%
Therefore, the nominal annual rate compounded quarterly earned on the investment is 5%.
Hence, the answer is 5%.
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Direction: Answer the following questions in a paragraph-based format Only half marks will be awarded for bullet point-based answer.
Using a Keynesian cross diagram,illustrate the impact of an expansionary Fiscal policy on the aggregate expenditure and output.
An expansionary fiscal policy has a positive impact on aggregate expenditure and output, as shown in the Keynesian cross diagram.
In the Keynesian cross model, aggregate expenditure (AE) is plotted on the vertical axis, and output or income (Y) is shown on the horizontal axis. The aggregate expenditure line represents the total spending in the economy at different levels of income. When the government implements expansionary fiscal policy, it increases government spending and/or reduces taxes, which leads to an increase in aggregate expenditure. This is depicted by a rightward shift of the aggregate expenditure line. As aggregate expenditure increases, firms respond by producing more goods and services to meet the higher demand, resulting in an increase in output. Therefore, the expansionary fiscal policy stimulates economic activity and raises the level of output in the economy.
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critically analyze the issues upon building innovation networks
from a marketing perspective.
Building innovation networks from a marketing perspective involves addressing critical issues related to aligning objectives,
fostering trust and collaboration, resource allocation, intellectual property protection, knowledge management, and scalability.
By carefully considering these issues, marketing strategies can support the development of successful and sustainable innovation networks.
Building innovation networks presents several critical issues from a marketing perspective.
Let's analyze some of these issues,
Alignment of Objectives,
Innovation networks often involve multiple organizations, such as companies, research institutions, and government entities.
One key issue is aligning the diverse objectives and interests of these stakeholders.
Each organization may have different goals, priorities, and resource constraints.
Effective marketing strategies within the innovation network require finding common ground
and shared objectives to ensure collaboration and successful outcomes.
Trust and Collaboration,
Successful innovation networks depend on trust and collaboration among participants.
Marketing plays a crucial role in fostering trust and building strong relationships between network members.
However, building trust can be challenging, especially when organizations compete with each other
or when intellectual property rights and confidentiality are involved.
Effective marketing strategies should address these concerns
and create an environment that encourages open communication, knowledge sharing, and collaboration.
Resource Allocation,
Innovation networks often require significant resources, including financial investments, expertise, and infrastructure.
Marketing efforts need to attract and secure resources from various stakeholders, including funding agencies, investors, and strategic partners.
Balancing the resource needs and expectations of different network participants can be complex,
and marketing plays a vital role in showcasing the potential benefits and return on investment to attract necessary resources.
Intellectual Property Protection,
Intellectual property (IP) rights are crucial in innovation networks,
as they protect the valuable ideas and inventions generated through collaboration.
Marketing strategies must address IP concerns and establish clear guidelines and agreements regarding ownership, licensing,
and protection of intellectual property.
Effective communication and negotiation among network participants are necessary to ensure that IP rights are respected
and that all parties benefit from the innovations created.
Knowledge Management and Sharing: Innovation networks thrive on the exchange of knowledge and ideas.
Marketing efforts should facilitate the sharing of information and expertise among network participants.
This requires establishing effective knowledge management systems, platforms, and communication channels.
Ensuring that knowledge flows freely and is appropriately disseminated across the network is critical for enhancing innovation and creating value for all stakeholders.
Scalability and Sustainability,
Innovation networks should have a long-term vision and be designed for scalability and sustainability.
Marketing plays a role in attracting new participants, expanding the network, and ensuring its ongoing viability.
Strategies should focus on promoting the benefits of network membership, showcasing success stories,
and demonstrating the value created by the network.
Marketing efforts should address the potential challenges associated with scaling up the network,
such as maintaining coordination, managing increased complexity, and ensuring continued engagement.
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Bank of Baroda receives a new deposit of ₹ 240 crore from one of its business customers. The customer places ₹ 42 crore in current account which creates a reserve requirement of 18 percent and asked bank to place the remainder of the deposit in 9-month commercial paper which has a zero reserve requirement. However, as a precaution the bank’s management automatically establishes a reserve of 3 percent against commercial paper. How much of this new deposit can Bank of Baroda safely lend out to its borrowing customers?
Bank of Baroda can safely lend out ₹226.50 crore of the new deposit to its borrowing customers while maintaining the required reserves for both the current account and the commercial paper.Bank of Baroda receives a new deposit of ₹240 crore from a business customer. The customer places ₹42 crore in a current account, which creates a reserve requirement of 18 percent.
The remaining amount of the deposit, ₹198 crore, is placed in 9-month commercial paper with a zero reserve requirement. However, the bank's management establishes a precautionary reserve of 3 percent against commercial paper.
To determine how much of the new deposit the bank can safely lend out to borrowing customers, we need to calculate the reserve requirement for both the current account and the commercial paper.
For the current account deposit of ₹42 crore, the reserve requirement is 18 percent. Therefore, the required reserve is calculated as follows:
Required Reserve for Current Account = ₹42 crore × 0.18 = ₹7.56 crore
Now, let's move on to the commercial paper deposit of ₹198 crore. Although the commercial paper has a zero reserve requirement, the bank's management establishes a precautionary reserve of 3 percent. Therefore, the reserve requirement for the commercial paper is calculated as follows:
Reserve Requirement for Commercial Paper = ₹198 crore × 0.03 = ₹5.94 crore
To determine the amount that can be safely lent out to borrowing customers, we subtract the required reserves from the total deposit:
Safe Lending Amount = Total Deposit - Required Reserves
= (₹240 crore - ₹7.56 crore - ₹5.94 crore)
= ₹226.50 crore
Therefore, Bank of Baroda can safely lend out ₹226.50 crore of the new deposit to its borrowing customers while maintaining the required reserves for both the current account and the commercial paper.
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All of the following statements are true except
1. Privatization is the process by which governments sell public enterprises to the private sector.
II. Government can always improve the private market through public intervention.
IIl. Economists only disagree about their values, and never about how the economy behaves.
IV. Positive statements are those about which all economists agree.
All of the statements are true except (IIl) "Economists only disagree about their values, and never about how the economy behaves."
While economists may have varying opinions and perspectives on value judgments, such as political ideologies or ethical considerations, they also engage in rigorous empirical analysis and research to understand how the economy behaves. Economics as a field is based on the study of how individuals, businesses, and societies make choices, allocate resources, and interact in markets. Economists employ various models, theories, and methodologies to analyze and explain economic phenomena. Economists often have different interpretations and theories about how the economy functions, which can lead to debates, differing viewpoints, and ongoing research to refine understanding. The economic analysis involves examining data, conducting experiments, and developing theories to explain and predict economic behavior. This process of inquiry and exploration is crucial for the advancement of economic knowledge and the development of sound economic policies.
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Choosing to commute to work by driving a hybrid vehicle will save $390 each month in fuel. If money is worth 7.2% compounded monthly, how much extra money, over the price of a gas-powered vehicle, shoul e invested to purchase a hybrid?
Round the final answer to the nearest cent as needed. Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed.)
To determine the extra amount of money needed to invest in a hybrid vehicle compared to a gas-powered vehicle, we need to calculate the present value of the monthly fuel savings. The fuel savings of $390 per month is compounded monthly at a 7.2% interest rate.
By finding the present value of this monthly savings over the expected ownership period, we can determine the additional investment required to purchase the hybrid vehicle.
To calculate the extra amount of money needed to invest in a hybrid vehicle, we need to determine the present value of the monthly fuel savings of $390. The interest rate is 7.2% compounded monthly.
First, we calculate the monthly interest rate:
Monthly Interest Rate = 7.2% / 12 = 0.6%
Next, we calculate the number of months in the ownership period. Let's assume it is N months.
Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we can calculate the present value (PV) of the fuel savings:
PV = Monthly Fuel Savings * [(1 - (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^(-N)) / Monthly Interest Rate]
Substituting the values, we have:
PV = $390 * [(1 - (1 + 0.6%)^(-N)) / 0.6%]
Once we have the present value, we subtract the initial price difference between the hybrid and gas-powered vehicle to determine the additional investment required to purchase the hybrid.
For example, if the initial price difference is $5,000, the extra amount needed to invest would be:
Extra Investment = PV - $5,000
By calculating the present value of the monthly fuel savings and subtracting the initial price difference, we can determine the additional amount of money needed to invest in a hybrid vehicle compared to a gas-powered vehicle.
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Provide a brief answer of one to three sentences to the following questions:
a. Portfolio A contains stocks A and B. Stock A and B are perfectly positively correlated. Portfolio B contains stocks D and E. Stocks Dand E are perfectly negatively correlated. If you were a risk adverse investor, which portfolio would you prefer to own and why?
b. Does an investor holding a portfolio of stocks expect to be rewarded for systematic or unsystematic risk? Briefly explain why and the difference between systematic and unsystematic risk.
(a). A negative correlation is essential for reducing the risk of a portfolio.
(b). The investors do not expect to be rewarded for unsystematic risks.
What is systematic and unsystematic risk?Systematic risk is a risk associated with the overall market, whereas unsystematic risk is a risk unique to a company or industry. Investment portfolio risk that is not reliant on specific assets is referred to as systematic risk and is caused by broad market conditions.
(a). A risk adverse investor should prefer to own Portfolio B which contains stocks D and E as they are perfectly negatively correlated.
Negative correlation is a risk management technique where the price movements of two different investments move in opposite directions.
For a portfolio to have lower risk, a negative correlation is necessary.
(b). An investor holding a portfolio of stocks expects to be rewarded for systematic risk.
Systematic risk refers to the market risk inherent in all investment opportunities. Systematic risk cannot be diversified away and is compensated for through the expected return on investment.
Unsystematic risk is unique to a particular firm or industry and can be diversified away.
Hence, Investors do not anticipate receiving compensation for unsystematic risks.
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Using the shotgun and rifle analogy, how do mass marketing, targeted marketing, and one-to-one marketing compare with one another?
How is technology making it easier for firms to target potential customers?
Mass marketing, targeted marketing, and one-to-one marketing are different approaches to reaching and engaging customers.
Mass marketing involves broadcasting a generic message to a wide audience, while targeted marketing focuses on delivering tailored messages to specific segments of the market. One-to-one marketing aims to create personalized experiences for individual customers.
Technology has significantly facilitated targeted marketing by providing tools for data collection, analysis, and customer segmentation, allowing firms to identify and target potential customers more precisely.
Mass marketing is akin to using a shotgun, where the goal is to reach as many people as possible with a broad message. It casts a wide net but lacks personalization and may not resonate with specific individuals. Targeted marketing, on the other hand, is comparable to using a rifle. It involves segmenting the market based on specific characteristics or behaviors and delivering tailored messages to those segments. This approach increases the chances of connecting with the intended audience and generating higher engagement.
One-to-one marketing takes personalization to the extreme, similar to using a sniper rifle. It aims to create individualized experiences by understanding and meeting each customer's unique needs and preferences. This level of customization fosters stronger relationships and enhances customer loyalty.
Technology plays a crucial role in enabling firms to target potential customers more effectively. With the advent of digital platforms, social media, and advanced analytics, companies can gather vast amounts of data about consumer behavior, demographics, and preferences. This data, combined with sophisticated targeting algorithms, allows firms to identify and segment audiences with greater precision.
Technology also enables personalized communication channels, such as email marketing and personalized website experiences, further enhancing the effectiveness of targeted marketing efforts. Overall, technology empowers firms to leverage customer insights and deliver more relevant messages and offers, resulting in improved marketing outcomes and customer satisfaction.
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A debt of $45,000 is repaid over 14 years with payments occurring quarterly. Interest is 4%compounded annually.
(a) What is the size of the periodic payment?
(b) What is the outstanding principal after payment 46?
(c) What is the interest paid on payment 47?
(d) How much principal is repaid in payment 47?
(a) The size of the periodic payment is approximately $970.96.
(b) The outstanding principal after payment 46 is approximately $15,652.84.
(c) The interest paid on payment 47 is approximately $156.53.
(d) The principal repaid in payment 47 is approximately $814.43.
To calculate the answers, we can use the formula for calculating the periodic payment of a loan and the formula for the outstanding principal after a specific payment.
(a) To find the size of the periodic payment, we can use the following formula:
[tex]PMT = PV * (r * (1 + r)^n) / ((1 + r)^{n - 1})[/tex]
Where:
PMT = Periodic payment
PV = Present value or initial loan amount
r = Interest rate per period
n = Total number of periods
In this case, the loan amount is $45,000, the interest rate is 4% compounded annually, and the payments occur quarterly over 14 years (56 quarters). Therefore:
PV = $45,000
r = 4% / 4 (since payments occur quarterly)
n = 14 years * 4 quarters per year = 56 quarters
Substituting these values into the formula:
PMT = $[tex]45,000 * (0.01 * (1 + 0.01)^56) / ((1 + 0.01)^{56 - 1})[/tex]
PMT ≈ $970.96
(b) To calculate the outstanding principal after payment 46, we need to calculate the remaining loan amount after 46 quarterly payments. We can use the following formula:
Remaining principal = [tex]PV * (1 + r)^n - PMT * (((1 + r)^{n - 1}) / r)[/tex]
Where:
Remaining principal = Outstanding principal after payment 46
Substituting the given values into the formula:
Remaining principal = [tex]45,000 * (1 + 0.01)^46 -[/tex][tex]970.96 * (((1 + 0.01)^{46 - 1}) / 0.01)[/tex]
Remaining principal ≈ $15,652.84
(c) To calculate the interest paid on payment 47, we can use the following formula:
Interest paid = Remaining principal * r
Substituting the values into the formula:
Interest paid = $15,652.84 * 0.01
Interest paid = $156.53
(d) To calculate the principal repaid in payment 47, we can subtract the interest paid from the periodic payment:
Principal repaid = PMT - Interest paid
Principal repaid = $970.96 - $156.53
Principal repaid ≈ $814.43
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Franklin Company, which expects to start operations on January 1, year 2, will sell digital cameras in shopping malls. Franklin has budgeted sales as indicated in the following table. The company expects a 14 percent increase in sales per month for February and March. The ratio of cash sales to sales on account will remain stable from January through March. Required Complete the sales budget by filling in the missing amounts. b. Determine the amount of sales revenue Franklin will report on its first quarter pro forma income statement. a. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Complete the sales budget by filling in the missing amounts. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round final answers to two decimal places.) March Sales January February Cash sales 45,000 Sales on account 117,000 Total budgeted sales 162,000 Franklin Company, which expects to start operations on January 1, year 2, will sell digital cameras in shopping malls. Franklin has budgeted sales as indicated in the following table. The company expects a 14 percent increase in sales per month for February and March. The ratio of cash sales to sales on account will remain stable from January through March Required a. Complete the sales budget by filling in the missing amounts. b. Determine the amount of sales revenue Franklin will report on its first quarter pro forma income statement. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required A Required B Determine the amount of sales revenue Franklin will report on its first quarter pro forma income statement. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round final answers to two decimal places.) Sales revenue
Franklin will report $554,580.80 in sales revenue on its first quarter pro forma income statement.
a. To complete the sales budget for Franklin Company, we need to calculate the total sales for each month based on the given information. The table below shows the completed sales budget for January through March:
Month Cash sales Sales on account Total budgeted sales
January $45,000 $117,000 $162,000
February $51,300 $132,780 $184,080
March $58,122 $150,378.80 $208,500.80
Note that the total budgeted sales for February and March are calculated based on a 14% increase in sales per month.
b. To determine the amount of sales revenue Franklin will report on its first quarter pro forma income statement, we need to add up the total budgeted sales for January through March.
Sales revenue = Total budgeted sales for January + Total budgeted sales for February + Total budgeted sales for March
Sales revenue = $162,000 + $184,080 + $208,500.80
Sales revenue = $554,580.80
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A viable government solution to a positive externality is a:
A. subsidy to the party producing the cost.
B. tax on the party incurring the cost.
C. tax on the party producing the cost.
D. subsidy to the party incurring the cost.
A viable government solution to a positive externality is a subsidy to the party incurring the cost.
The correct option is D. subsidy to the party incurring the cost.
A positive externality occurs when the production or consumption of a good or service generates benefits for third parties that are not reflected in the market price. In such cases, the market equilibrium quantity may be lower than the socially optimal level, resulting in an underallocation of resources. To address this market failure, the government can intervene by providing subsidies to encourage the party incurring the cost to increase their production or consumption.
By offering a subsidy, the government effectively reduces the private costs incurred by the party, making it more financially viable for them to produce or consume the good or service. The subsidy acts as an incentive to increase the level of activity associated with the positive externality, leading to a closer alignment between the private and social benefits.
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QS 22-5 Allocating costs to departments LO P2 Macee Department Store has three departments, and it conducts advertising campaigns that benefit all departments. Advertising costs are $102,000 this year, and departmental sales for this year follow. How much advertising cost is allocated to each department if the allocation is based on departmental sales?
The allocation is based on departmental sales, the advertising cost allocated to each department is as follows:Department A: $22,644Department B: $45,288Department C: $33,068
Advertising costs are $102,000 this year, and departmental sales for this year follow:Department A: $200,000Department B: $400,000Department C: $300,000The allocation of advertising costs to each department is based on the proportion of their departmental sales to the total sales of all three departments.
In this case, the total sales for all three departments is:$200,000 + $400,000 + $300,000 = $900,000Therefore, the proportion of each department's sales to the total sales is as follows:Department A: $200,000 ÷ $900,000 = 0.222Department B: $400,000 ÷ $900,000 = 0.444
Department C: $300,000 ÷ $900,000 = 0.333To allocate the advertising costs to each department, we multiply each department's proportion of sales by the total advertising cost of $102,000. This gives us the following amounts:Department A: 0.222 × $102,000 = $22,644Department B: 0.444 × $102,000 = $45,288Department C: 0.333 × $102,000 = $33,068
Therefore, if the allocation is based on departmental sales, the advertising cost allocated to each department is as follows:Department A: $22,644Department B: $45,288Department C: $33,068
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Select the type of government policy that Neo Classical economists would advocate (Select all correct answers) A. Control inflation B. Government price control of key markets C. Focus on policies towards long term growth D. Intervention to reduce unemployment in the short term
Neo-classical economists would advocate for government policies that focus on controlling inflation, policies towards long-term growth, and intervention to reduce unemployment in the short term.
Neo-classical economists generally support policies that promote free markets and limited government intervention. They emphasize the role of market forces in resource allocation and economic growth. Based on this perspective, the following government policies align with neo-classical economic principles:
A. Control inflation: Neo-classical economists advocate for policies that aim to control inflation. They recognize that high and volatile inflation can distort market signals, reduce economic efficiency, and erode the value of money. Implementing monetary and fiscal policies to maintain price stability and low inflation is considered important in the neo-classical framework.
C. Focus on policies towards long-term growth: Neo-classical economists emphasize policies that foster long-term economic growth. These may include promoting investment in physical and human capital, encouraging innovation and technological progress, and removing barriers to competition and entrepreneurship. Policies that support a stable macroeconomic environment and create a favorable business climate are often advocated by neo-classical economists.
D. Intervention to reduce unemployment in the short term: While neo-classical economists generally support limited government intervention, they acknowledge the need for short-term measures to address unemployment during economic downturns. They advocate for policies such as expansionary monetary and fiscal policies to stimulate aggregate demand and reduce unemployment in the short term.
B. Government price control of key markets: Neo-classical economists do not typically advocate for government price controls. They argue that price controls can distort market signals, create inefficiencies, and hinder market mechanisms in allocating resources effectively.
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with a global strategy for conducting business internationally, a company competes ________.
With a global strategy for conducting business internationally, a company competes on a global scale.
By adopting a global strategy, a company seeks to expand its operations beyond domestic boundaries and compete in multiple markets worldwide. This approach involves developing products or services that cater to diverse customer segments across different countries and regions. Competing on a global scale requires the company to consider various factors such as local market conditions, cultural differences, regulatory requirements, and competitive landscapes in each target market. It may involve customizing products or services to meet the specific needs and preferences of different markets while leveraging economies of scale and scope to achieve cost efficiencies. Additionally, a global strategy often involves establishing a global supply chain, distribution networks, and partnerships with local entities to effectively reach customers in various regions. Companies with a global strategy also need to navigate international trade policies, currency fluctuations, geopolitical risks, and other global business complexities.
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What three potential issues may arise in connection with an international business dispute other than the particular issue between the parties?
Three potential issues that may arise in connection with an international business dispute, include jurisdictional challenges, cultural and language barriers, and enforcement of legal decisions across borders.
Jurisdictional challenges: International business disputes often involve parties from different countries, leading to questions about which country's laws and courts have jurisdiction over the case. Determining the appropriate jurisdiction can be complex and may result in delays and additional legal complexities.
Cultural and language barriers: International disputes may involve parties from diverse cultural backgrounds with different business practices and communication styles. Cultural and language barriers can hinder effective communication and understanding, potentially escalating the dispute and making resolution more challenging.
Enforcement of legal decisions: Even if a legal decision is reached in favor of one party, enforcing the decision across borders can be difficult. Different legal systems, enforcement mechanisms, and treaties between countries can impact the ability to enforce judgments or awards, leading to additional complications and delays in resolving the dispute.
These issues highlight the complexities involved in international business disputes beyond the specific issues between the parties, emphasizing the importance of considering jurisdictional challenges, cultural and language barriers, and enforcement mechanisms when engaging in cross-border business transactions.
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Compare the two cap-and-trade policies in a market with only two firms.
a) 40 permits are initially allocated to firm A, and 10 permits are initially allocated to firm B;
B) 25 permits are initially allocated to firm A, and 25 permits are initially allocated to firm B.
All of the following are correct except:
a. Both policies will lead to the same distribution of emissions in equilibrium
b. Both policies will lead to the same number of permits traded between the two firms
c. Both policies are cost-effective
d. Both policies will lead to the same price of each permit in equilibrium
In a fully dynamic model of fishery economics, the interest rate affects the optimal fishing effort. However, the role of the interest rate is not reflected in a steady-state model.
Select one: True False
In a market with only two firms, all of the following statements are correct except option C: Both cap-and-trade policies are cost-effective.
a. Both policies will lead to the same distribution of emissions in equilibrium: True, as the total number of permits allocated is the same, resulting in a similar emission distribution between the two firms.
b. Both policies will lead to the same number of permits traded between the two firms: True, as the initial allocation determines the maximum number of permits that can be exchanged, remaining consistent in both scenarios.
c. Both policies are cost-effective: Cannot be determined without considering firms' marginal costs or the market price of permits; further analysis is required.
d. Both policies will lead to the same price of each permit in equilibrium: True, as the equilibrium price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand, and since the initial allocation is the same, the price will be identical.
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Ecoland has a population of 50 million, of which 74 percent are of working-age. 26 million people are in the labour force, 18 million people are employed, and 15 million are employed in full-time positions. Ecoland's unemployment rate is percent. Round to two decimal places if required. Answer:
The unemployment rate in Ecoland is 17.39 percent.
Explanation: To calculate the unemployment rate, we need to determine the number of unemployed individuals in Ecoland. We know that the labor force consists of 26 million people, and 18 million are employed. Therefore, the number of unemployed individuals can be calculated by subtracting the number of employed individuals from the labor force, resulting in 8 million unemployed individuals.
Next, we need to calculate the percentage of unemployed individuals relative to the labor force. We divide the number of unemployed individuals (8 million) by the labor force (26 million) and multiply by 100 to convert it into a percentage. This calculation gives us an unemployment rate of 30.77 percent.
However, we are given that 15 million people are employed in full-time positions. Since the total number of employed individuals is 18 million, we can infer that 3 million people are employed in part-time positions.
Considering both full-time and part-time employment, the total number of employed individuals is 18 million + 3 million, which equals 21 million.
Now, to calculate the unemployment rate accurately, we need to subtract the number of employed individuals in full-time positions (15 million) from the total number of employed individuals (21 million). This gives us the number of employed individuals in part-time positions, which is 6 million.
To calculate the unemployment rate, we divide the number of unemployed individuals (8 million) by the sum of the employed individuals in full-time and part-time positions (15 million + 6 million) and multiply by 100. This calculation yields an unemployment rate of 17.39 percent.
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decimaly What is the Fout Firm Concentration Ratio? Is this market concentrated?
The four-firm concentration ratio is the percentage of total sales or market share of the top four firms in an industry.
It is used to measure the degree of competition in an industry and determine whether the market is concentrated or not. A concentration ratio of less than 50% is generally considered low and indicates greater competition in the industry, while a ratio nearing 100% would indicate a monopoly.
Based on the search results, it is clear that the four-firm concentration ratio is a commonly used measure of market concentration. The ratio can be calculated by summing the total sales or market share of the top four firms in the industry and dividing by the total. The degree of competition can vary depending on the concentration ratio, and there is no distinct ratio that can be used to separate one market structure from another.
In order to determine whether a market is concentrated or not, it is important to consider other factors in addition to the concentration ratio, such as barriers to entry, product differentiation, and the number of firms in the industry.
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Which of the following accounting terminogoy is mathcing with the correct definitions? a. Acquisition: Occurs when some goods and services are sold without GST in their price, even though GST was included in the price of the inputs used to make or supply them. b. Input tax credit: The GST term for purchase c. Supplies: The GST term for sales d. Input-taxed sale: Businesses can claim a credit for the GST included in the price of goods or services (inputs) they buy for use in their business, unless they use the purchase to make inputtaxed sales
Acquisition refers to claiming GST credit on purchases, supplies refer to sales subject to GST, the input tax credit is the credit claimed for GST paid on purchases, and input-taxed sales are exempt from GST and do not allow for input tax credits.
The matching of the accounting terminologies with their correct definitions is as follows:
a. Acquisition: Businesses can claim a credit for the GST included in the price of goods or services (inputs) they buy for use in their business unless they use the purchase to make input-taxed sales.
b. Input tax credit: The GST term for claiming a credit for the GST included in the price of goods or services purchased for business use.
c. Supplies: The GST term for sales, referring to the provision of goods or services in exchange for payment.
d. Input-taxed sale: Occurs when some goods and services are sold without GST in their price, even though GST was included in the price of the inputs used to make or supply them.
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Consider an economy that has no government or international trade. Its consumption function is given by C=310+ 0.9Y. What is the increase in equilibrium GDP if planned investment increased from 20 to 55 ? - Do not enter the \$ sign. - Round to two decimal places if required. Answer: Question 12 Apply the AD-AS model to Canada's economy. Which of the following is consistent with (i) a decrease in the price of Not yet inputs Canada imports from China, along with (ii) a recession in the european union, a region that purchases answered Canadian exports? Marked out of 2.00 a. Left shift in AD curve, left shift in SRAS Filag b. Left shift in AD curve, right shift in SRAS c. Right shift in AD curve, right shift in SRAS
In an economy with no government or international trade and a consumption function of C=310+0.9Y, an increase in planned investment from 20 to 55 would result in an increase in equilibrium GDP of 350. A decrease in the price of inputs Canada imports from China, along with a recession in the European Union, would lead to a leftward shift in both the aggregate demand (AD) and short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curves in Canada's economy, resulting in lower output and prices in the short run.
Increase in Equilibrium GDP: In an economy with no government or international trade, the equilibrium GDP is determined by the consumption function and planned investment. Given the consumption function C = 310 + 0.9Y, an increase in planned investment from 20 to 55 would lead to a multiplied increase in equilibrium GDP. To calculate the exact increase, we can use the spending multiplier. The spending multiplier is the reciprocal of the marginal propensity to save (MPS), which is equal to 1 minus the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). In this case, the MPC is 0.9, so the MPS is 0.1. The spending multiplier is 1/MPS = 1/0.1 = 10. Therefore, the increase in equilibrium GDP would be 10 times the increase in planned investment, which is (55 - 20) * 10 = 350.
AD-AS Model and Changes in China's Prices and EU's Recession:
A decrease in the price of inputs Canada imports from China, along with a recession in the European Union, would lead to a decrease in both aggregate demand (AD) and short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) in Canada's economy. This scenario is consistent with a left shift in the AD curve (due to reduced demand from the EU) and a left shift in the SRAS curve (due to lower input prices from China). These shifts indicate a decrease in both output and the price level in the short run. The explanation lies in the fact that reduced demand from the EU and lower input prices from China negatively impact Canada's overall economic activity and supply capacity.
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